Characteristics of sea ice kinematics from the marginal ice zone to the packed ice zone observed by buoys deployed during the 9th Chinese Arctic Expedition     

Xiaomin Chang  Longchun Ye  Guangyu Zuo  Jingyue Li  Keyu Wei  Yinke Dou 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(7):113-127

Sea ice growth and consolidation play a significant role in heat and momentum exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. However, few in situ observations of sea ice kinematics have been reported owing to difficulties of deployment of buoys in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). To investigate the characteristics of sea ice kinematics from MIZ to packed ice zone (PIZ), eight drifting buoys designed by Taiyuan University of Technology were deployed in the open water at the ice edge of the Canadian Basin. Sea ice near the buoy constantly increased as the buoy drifted, and the kinematics of the buoy changed as the buoy was frozen into the ice. This process can be determined using sea ice concentration, sea skin temperature, and drift speed of buoy together. Sea ice concentration data showed that buoys entered the PIZ in mid-October as the ice grew and consolidated around the buoys, with high amplitude, high frequency buoy motions almost ceasing. Our results confirmed that good correlation coefficient in monthly scale between buoy drift and the wind only happened in the ice zone. The correlation coefficient between buoys and wind was below 0.3 while the buoys were in open water. As buoys entered the ice zone, the buoy speed was normally distributed at wind speeds above 6 m/s. The buoy drifted mainly to the right of the wind within 45° at wind speeds above 8 m/s. During further consolidation of the ice in MIZ, the direct forcing on the ice through winds will be lessened. The correlation coefficient value increased to 0.9 in November, and gradually decreased to 0.7 in April.  相似文献   

高亚硝酸盐胁迫下日本囊对虾肝胰腺的转录组分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈亭君  栗志民  袁乐  刘建勇  梁彩凤 《海洋科学进展》2022,40(2):287-306

海岸带盐度过渡区域水体中氮、磷的准确测定对陆海统筹及海岸带管理起着至关重要的作用。为探究盐度对氮、磷测定准确度的影响,进而明确河口海岸带淡水-咸水盐度过渡区不同形式氮、磷测定方法的选择依据,分别采用淡水和海水的相关国家标准方法,测定不同盐度下不同质量浓度氮、磷的人工海水和天然海水水样中氨氮、亚硝氮、总氮、活性磷酸盐和总磷的质量浓度。结果表明,盐度对某些氮、磷的淡水法和海水法测定结果有一定程度的影响。对氨氮的测定,当S≤4.0时淡水法或海水法均可准确测定水体中的氨氮,S>4.0时应对水样进行pH 调整预处理后用海水法进行测定;对亚硝氮的测定,淡水法和海水法的测定结果无明显差异;对总氮的测定,当S≤5.0时应采用操作简单、测定准确的淡水法测定,S>5.0时应采用海水法。对水体中的活性磷酸盐的测定,在低盐低磷(S≤35.0且ρPO3-4 ≤0.2mg·L-1)的情况下盐度对淡水法和海水法测定结果的影响微乎其微,而对于高盐高磷(S>35.0且ρPO3-4 > 0.2mg·L-1)的水样选择灵敏度更高的海水法测定更准确;对总磷的测定,选取海水法测定准确度更高。研究结果为海岸带水体不同形式氮、磷质量浓度的准确测定与方法选择提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

中国沿海HY-2A 校正微波辐射计水汽含量数据精度检验方法          下载免费PDF全文

范士杰  史航  孙浩  刘焱雄 《海洋科学进展》2022,40(3):505-512

为评价“海洋二号”卫星（HaiYang-2A, HY-2A）校正微波辐射计（Calibration Microwave Radiometer, CMR）近海水汽产品精度,以中国沿海全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS）业务观测站数据和欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)发布的第五代大气再分析资料（ECMWF Reanalysis 5, ERA5）作为验证数据。首先对选取的GNSS业务观测站数据和CMR水汽含量数据进行时空匹配,两者的观测时间一致、空间范围取为100 km;然后利用精密单点定位方法反演GNSS业务观测站上空的大气可降水量（Precipitable Water Vapor, PWV）,同时对1 h分辨率的ERA5再分析资料内插计算,得到CMR水汽数据点处的ERA5 PWV;最后以GNSS PWV和ERA5 PWV为参考,分析2015年CMR水汽产品精度和偏差时空分布。结果表明,CMR水汽含量和GNSS PWV、ERA5 PWV之间的相关系数r均高于0.96,平均均方根误差分别为3.17 mm和1.58 mm,具有较高的精度;CMR水汽含量相对于GNSS PWV和ERA5 PWV的偏差不随季节变化而变化,但CMR水汽含量数据精度随纬度的增加而有所提高。  相似文献   

基于深度学习的西沙永乐群岛珊瑚礁遥感信息提取          下载免费PDF全文

马珍妮  宋妍  邹亚荣  朱海天  崔松雪 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(4):644-654

珊瑚礁是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,对保护海洋生物多样性以及维持海洋生态平衡具有重大意义。我国南海珊瑚岛礁自然资源丰富,准确、高效地提取珊瑚岛礁信息对南海岛礁监测、管理、规划与保护具有现实意义。本研究基于我国海洋一号C卫星（HY 1C）遥感数据,对西沙永乐群岛珊瑚礁信息进行了研究与分析,提出基于HY 1C遥感数据的珊瑚礁地貌分类体系。采用全卷积神经网络U Net模型,依次通过下采样、上采样操作提取西沙永乐环礁地貌特征,实现原始影像的像素级语义分割。结果表明：基于HY 1C数据建立的地貌分类体系对活珊瑚覆盖及珊瑚生长发育条件具有指示作用,提出的基于U Net模型的珊瑚岛礁地貌信息自动提取方法,能够为我国南海珊瑚岛礁生态系统的全自动、大范围监测和评价提供相应理论基础,在珊瑚礁生态管理与评价中发挥关键作用。精度验证结果表明：U Net模型可以有效提取珊瑚礁地貌信息,采用的地貌信息提取方法具备时空泛化能力,泛化精度高于80%。  相似文献   

The ebb and flow of capital in Indonesian coastal production systems     

Yunie N. Rahmat  Jeff Neilson 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2023,44(2):300-321

The global fisheries sector has undergone both rapid industrialization and considerable resource depletion. Unlike fisheries in the Northern Hemisphere, the Indonesian (and indeed Southeast Asian) sector is still largely dominated by small-scale producers, who are partially embedded within a subsistence economy. Changes in the nature of production and livelihoods in the fisheries sector appear similar to those in land-based agriculture but have received far less attention in the literature and demand further analysis given the distinct characteristics of the natural resource base. Using national datasets complemented by insights from a two-month period of fieldwork in South Sulawesi, this paper presents the process of capital intensification underpinning national fisheries growth and how it is transforming small-scale production systems. Despite increasing market integration, we found that smallholders have persisted across coastal production systems to an even stronger degree than land-based agriculture. We suggest some reasons why this is so. However, we also observed evidence of internal class differentiation within coastal communities. Such differentiation, combined with resource degradation and depletion, exposes the poorest in the community to enhanced livelihood vulnerability.  相似文献   

水源涵养功能概念的生态和水文视角辨析     

高红凯  刘俊国  高光耀  夏军 《地理学报》2023,78(1):139-148

水源涵养是评价陆地生态系统服务功能的重要指标,然而学界对水源涵养功能概念和计算方法仍存在诸多争论。这一方面说明水源涵养功能评估具有重要的现实意义,同时也说明其概念的复杂性和模糊性,亟需从生态学和水文学的基本理论出发,厘清水源涵养功能概念的内涵和评估方法,促进科学决策和有效管理。研究水源涵养功能时,生态学家更关注陆地生态系统的蓄水能力（Smax）,而水文学家更关注流域的产流量（Q）,两者均具有合理性,但各有侧重,若不分别辨析,极易造成概念混淆。理论和数据分析表明,蓄水能力和产流量虽然联系紧密,但概念完全不同。陆地生态系统的Smax决定了流域对降水的分配：即蒸散发（绿水）和Q（蓝水）,Smax和Q在降水量一定的情况下往往存在此消彼长的关系。研究发现生态系统的根区蓄水能力（SRmax）是联系绿水和蓝水的核心要素,是水源涵养功能评估的关键变量。大尺度根区蓄水能力主要由气候决定,可借鉴工程水文中设计水库的累积曲线法,根据生态系统用水的生存策略通过气候反演。最后,本文提出3点建议：(1)在实践中分别评估生态系统的绿水和蓝水涵养功能;(2)进一步全面考虑冰川积雪、地下水等多要素的水源涵养功能;(3)...  相似文献   

基于景观格局指数的基本农田保护区集中连片性研究——以济南市历城区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张保华  王雷  白振华  潘庆龙  汤庆新  肖燕 《山东国土资源》2014,30(2):80-82

耕地与基本农田保护是我国土地管理、土地利用规划的重要内容。新一轮土地利用总体规划修编及数据库建设中要求基本农田调整布局更加集中连片。该文应用景观格局指数,研究了济南市历城区基本农田保护区规划调整中集中连片性的变化。结果表明,除保护区图斑面积标准差外,图斑平均面积、图斑面积变异系数、图斑边界密度、最大斑块指数、平均欧式邻近距离5项指标均表明,规划调整后基本农田保护区布局上更加集中连片。为基本农田保护区布局的集中连片性判断提供了简便易行的方法。  相似文献   

莺歌海盆地前新生代基底特征     

尤龙  王璞珺  吴景富  岳军培  郎元强  沈怀磊 《世界地质(英文版)》2014,(3)

结合盆缘露头、盆地基底钻井及重磁震资料,综合研究莺歌海盆地前新生代基底特征。基于盆地西北缘Song Da带18个剖面点地层序列、166件岩石样品密度和2800套磁化率测量结果,建立密度--磁化率交汇图版,约束盆内地震剖面和重磁异常解释,通过海陆结合的方法填制出盆地基底地质图。其前新生界由前震旦系、寒武系-上三叠统下部、上三叠统上部-白垩系三个构造层构成,它们沿红河断裂呈北西向分布,中间老,为前震旦纪中-高级变质岩;两侧新,向西为中生代沉积岩,向东为古生代浅变质岩、灰岩。  相似文献   

Truncated dunes as evidence of the 2004 tsunami in North Sumatra and environmental recovery post‐tsunami     

Claire Kain  Christopher Gomez  Patrick Wassmer  Franck Lavigne  Deirdre Hart 《New Zealand geographer》2014,70(3):165-178

The 2004 tsunami transformed the coast of Indonesia. This research investigates a sand dune area in Lampuuk, Sumatra, that was scoured by tsunami flow. We assessed geomorphology one‐year post‐event and examine the timescale of vegetation recovery. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) evidence shows an eroded succession of thin dipping units, overlain by aeolian layers 0 to 50 cm thick. Incipient dunes were absent, indicating limited dune rebuilding at one‐year post‐tsunami, possibly resulting from channelised airflow and the absence of vegetation. Recolonisation by vegetation was initially limited but progressed rapidly between 2005 and 2011, highlighting the temporal non‐linearity of recovery processes.  相似文献   

辽河三角洲滨海湿地含水层水文地质参数获取的试验研究     

赵全升  胡舒娅  王新民  叶思源  丁喜桂 《地理科学》2014,(12):1533-1537

抽水试验是获取水文地质参数的重要方法,为准确获取辽河三角洲滨海湿地潜水含水层的渗透系数,进行了一个抽水孔、两个观测孔的抽水试验。根据单孔抽水试验和多孔抽水试验观测数据,采用潜水非完整井求参公式、巴布什金公式及积分变换等方法计算含水层渗透系数。结果表明,用不同方法计算得出的含水层渗透系数值相差不大。通过试验测定PJ01井组潜水含水层渗透系数为1.15 m/d,PJ03井组潜水含水层渗透系数为0.74 m/d。  相似文献