Wavefield and static deformation in depth-dependent elastic models with seismic sources of finite dimensions: spectral approach     

Ctirad Matyska 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,155(3):1105-1113

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断裂地震地表断错危险性评价   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

梁小华  蒋溥  董津城  刘守华 《地震地质》2002,24(4):495-502

引入地震断错危险性概念 ,用概率表示发生断错的可能性大小 ,断错危险性涉及到地震危险性和断错发生与分布特点。断错危险性的表达式为 :P =P1×P2 ×P3,式中 ,P表示断错危险性 ;P1表示地震发生的危险性 ;P2 指不同震级条件下地表断错出现的概率 ;P3为断错量值分布概率。以中国和世界地表地震断错资料为基础 ,建立震级 -断错概率指数P2 和断错幅度及其分布概率指数 ,包括幅值及其分布、宽度和覆盖层厚度影响等指数P3,为地表断错危险性量化评估奠定了基础  相似文献   

Displacement, strain and stress fields due to shear and tensile dislocations in a viscoelastic half-space     

A. Piombo  A. Tallarico †  M. Dragoni ‡ 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(3):1399-1417

Okada (1992) provided expressions for the displacement and strain fields due to a finite rectangular source in an elastic, homogeneous and isotropic half-space. Starting with these results, we applied the correspondence principle of linear viscoelasticity to derive the quasi-static displacement, strain and stress fields in a viscoelastic, homogeneous and isotropic half-space. We assume that the medium deforms viscoelastically with respect to both the shear and the normal stresses but keeps a constant bulk modulus; in particular, the shear modulus relaxes as Maxwell fluid. We presented the viscoelastic effect on displacement, displacement gradient and stress fields, for a choice of parameter values. The viscoelastic effect due to the sudden dislocation reaches a limit value after about 10 times the Maxwell time. The expressions obtained here provide tools for the study of viscoelastic relaxation of lithosphere associated with seismic and volcanic phenomena.  相似文献   

Paleoseismological investigation of the Kichera Fault Zone in the northern Baikal region     

O. P. Smekalin  A. V. Chipizubov  V. S. Imaev  V. M. Besstrashnov  A. I. Mel’nikov 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2007,1(2):176-185

In the recent structure of the Baikal Rift Zone, the Kichera Fault serves as the northwestern boundary of the Angara-Kichera aggradation depression. A seismotectonic scarp 60 m high was formed as a result of normal faulting during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. The erosion-aggradation and seismic landforms testify to the nonuniform growth of this scarp. To study the character of the seismic activity in the Kichera Fault Zone, we excavated two trenches across the seismotectonic scarp. The Holocene stage of the seismotectonic activation within the fault zone and the preceding period of relative quiescence were outlined from the character of the deformations in the trench sections and previous geomorphic investigations. According to our preliminary estimations, the active stage that started at the end of the late Pleistocene and that has remained incomplete until now was accompanied by at least three rupture-forming earthquakes.  相似文献   

Stress Changes due to Recent Seismic Events in the Central Apennines (Italy)     

Andrea?Tallarico  Stefano?SantiniEmail author  Michele?Dragoni 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(12):2273-2298

The Central Apennines, Italy, are characterized by moderate seismic activity on normal faults, oriented in directions parallel to the Apenninic chain. The subject of this study is the Umbria-Marche Apennines, a segment approximately 200-km long, where three main seismic events occurred in the last three decades. The 1979 Norcia earthquake was a M_w = 5.8 event, taking place at the south end of the considered segment. The 1984 Gubbio earthquake was a M_w = 5.6 event which took place at the north end. The 1997-1998 Colfiorito sequence constituted 8 main shocks with magnitudes M_w between 5 and 6 and epicenters located between the Gubbio and the Norcia earthquake areas. A model made of an elastic half-space is considered, in which the seismic sources are represented by rectangular dislocations which have the appropriate values of source parameters, and in which the static stress field produced by each event is calculated. The analysis of the Coulomb stress change (ΔC) as a function of time shows that the coseismic stress transfer and fault interaction played an important role in the region during the past three decades: 7 earthquakes of the 9 considered took place where ΔC>0. Such an interaction has been confirmed by the analysis of the aftershocks in the Colfiorito zone post September 26, 1997: about the 61% of the aftershocks considered took place where ΔC>0. The comparison between the ΔC^s due to the coseismic stress transfer and the rate ΔĊ^t due to the tectonic stress allows us to quantify the time advance of the earthquakes. The ΔC^s pattern shows positive values in two areas that can be regarded as historical seismic gaps.  相似文献   

Regional　Tectonic　Deformation　Background　and　Medium-　and　Short-Term　Precursors　to　the　Minle-Shandan　Earthquakes     

Zhang Xi 《中国地震研究》2005,19(1):12-21

INTRODUCTIONOnOctober 2 5,2 0 0 3,twoearthquakesofMS6 .1andMS5.8hitMinleandShandanofGansuProvinceinsuccession (at 38.4°N ,1 0 1 .2°E ;and 38.4°N ,1 0 1 .1°E) .Theseismicfaultisthrustandleft lateraltheMinle DamayingfaultwhichstrikesEWandisaffiliatedtot…  相似文献   

微粒对多晶冰流变行为的影响(Ⅰ):应力下的流变行为     

宋旼 《冰川冻土》2007,29(1):26-31

研究了应力下微粒对多晶冰流变行为的影响.结果表明:微粒分布在晶界或同时分布在晶界和晶内都将增加多晶冰的流变速率.当微粒只分布在晶界时,含微粒浓度为1 wt.%的多晶冰有最高的最小流变速率;当微粒同时分布在晶内与晶界时,多晶冰的最小流变速率基本与微粒浓度无关.微粒提高流变速率的原因来源于提高了流变过程中的位错密度,分布在晶界和晶内的微粒可以分别通过阻碍晶界滑移,发展内应力及Frank-Read位错增值机制提高流变过程中的位错密度.  相似文献   

辽西凌源—北票断裂带有限应变分析及其意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王文武  武广  王宏博 《地质与资源》2004,13(2):75-79,102

凌源-北票断裂是内蒙地轴与燕山台褶带之分界断裂,对辽西大地构造格架和中新生代断陷盆地形成均具有重要作用.采用岩石有限应变测量和超微构造研究方法,恢复断裂带应变历史、计算断裂带古应力差值,研究表明:凌源-北票断裂带为拉长型应变与平面应变的过渡类型;该断裂存在两种明显不同的应变状态,NW-SE向最大主应变轴反映了燕山运动第二幕及其以前的应变状态,NE-SW向最大主应变轴反映出辽西中生代断陷盆地形成时的应变状态.通过位错密度计算出凌源-北票断裂带的古差异应力值为32.7MPa.凌源-北票断裂经历了辽河、燕辽、印支及燕山运动的叠加与改造,具有复杂的变形历史,燕山运动第二幕是本区的定格构造,奠定了凌源-北票断裂带的最终样式.  相似文献   

南北地震带区域形变异常特征与地震关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王双绪  张希  张四新  张晓亮  薛富平 《地震》2006,26(1):47-56

利用南北地震带及附近地区20世纪70年代以来的区域水准网和90年代以来的GPS监测网资料, 结合地质构造和监测区发生的多次6级左右及以上震例, 分析了震前区域性形变场异常的基本特征。 进而根据资料支持程度, 分别以GPS、 区域水准观测位移为地表约束, 以“973”项目活动地块划分结果为地质依据, 进行非震负位错模型反演计算, 研究了数值模拟结果反映的活动块体和边界断裂构造变形状态与地震的关系。 在此基础上, 定性与定量相结合分析研究了强震前区域性水平、 垂直构造形变异常特征及可能的机理, 初步总结了基于区域水准、 GPS观测与数值模拟的强震前区域构造形变异常的一些判据。  相似文献   

位错模型的矿区地表沉降监测     

姚未正  徐克科  刘吉鹏  邵振华  朱绪林 《测绘科学》2021,46(3):32-39

为获取连续的矿区地表沉降变形场,揭示沉陷规律,及时预计沉降范围与大小,保障生产,该文提出了以精密水准测量数据为约束的加权位错监测及预计模型。视开采工作面为简化位错几何模型,顾及工作面近远场观测数据的不同,根据计算模型值与水准测量实测值的残差确定不同的权比,利用最小二乘线性算法反演垂直方向上的张裂参数。由张裂参数正演获取连续的地表形变场。并以多期观测反演所得的一维张裂参数的变化序列拟合预计模型,预测地表未来形变场。研究表明,提出的加权位错预计模型能更好地监测并预计矿区开采后的地表沉降变化,为采矿安全生产提供了依据。  相似文献