铌钽矿研究进展和攀西地区铌钽矿成因初探   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

王汾连  赵太平  陈伟 《矿床地质》2012,31(2):293-308

铌钽矿主要产出类型包括伟晶岩型、富Li-F花岗岩型、碱性侵入岩型、碳酸岩型及冲积砂矿型。前2种类型以钽为主,后3种则以铌占主导。铌和钽大多以铌钽独立矿物(铌铁矿、钽铁矿、细晶石、烧绿石等)呈浸染状分布于含矿岩石中,也有部分以类质同象的形式分布于云母、榍石、霓石、钛铁矿等矿物中。关于铌钽矿的富集机制,一些学者认为可由富F-Na和稀有金属(铌、钽等)的花岗质熔体经结晶分异作用形成;另一些学者则根据铌钽矿化与岩石的钠长石化、锂云母化等紧密共生的特点,认为铌钽的富集是岩浆期后流体交代早期形成的花岗岩所致。攀西(攀枝花-西昌)地区的铌钽矿床(化)基本上都是沿着断裂带分布,矿体赋存于印支期碱性岩脉(碱性正长伟晶岩)中,有少数存在于碱性花岗岩中,与区域上邻近的正长岩体及花岗岩体关系密切。其矿石矿物主要为烧绿石、褐钇铌矿等。初步推断,攀西地区的铌钽矿与二叠纪地幔柱活动有关。碱性的正长岩体及花岗岩体与广泛分布的峨眉山玄武岩、辉长岩均是地幔柱岩浆活动的产物,长英质岩体(包括正长岩体和花岗岩体)是富铌钽岩石的母岩体。碱性伟晶岩脉(如炉库和白草地区)是碱性岩浆逐步演化的产物,含矿的碱性花岗岩是花岗质岩浆分异演化的结果。此外,在该地区的铌钽矿床中,铌钽矿物几乎都富集在钠长石化发育的地段,说明后期的热液交代对铌钽的富集也起到了一定作用。因此,攀西地区铌钽的富集是岩浆结晶分异和岩浆期后热液交代共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

Underplating and assimilation–fractional crystallization of Mesozoic intrusions in the Tongling area,Anhui Province,East China: evidence from xenoliths and host plutons     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):542-555

This paper presents new petrographic observations and geochemical and microprobe analyses for the Laomiaojishan, Xiaotongguanshan, and Tianebaodanshan intrusions in the Tongguanshan mineral district, East China. The plutons vary in composition from quartz monzonitic diorite to pyroxene monzonitic diorite, and contain gabbroic to dioritic xenoliths. The Xiaotongguanshan intrusion yields a SHRIMP zircon U–Pb age of 139.5±2.9 Ma, indicating Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Lower Yangtze River Valley. Relative to host rocks, the gabbro and diorite xenoliths are low in SiO₂ (52.03–54.61 wt‐%), Al₂O₃ (12.87–14.43 wt‐%), and total alkalis (Na₂O+K₂O; 5.26–6.30 wt‐%), but high in MgO (5.41–11.66 wt‐%); the host rocks have high SiO₂ (59.97–64.44 wt‐%), Al₂O₃ (16.43–17.59 wt‐%), and total alkalis (6.67–8.25 wt‐%), but are low in MgO (1.52–2.50 wt‐%). Concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) in the xenoliths (165.70–190.40 ppm) are similar to those in the host rocks (166.12–185.95 ppm), although the ratio of light REEs to heavy REEs in the xenoliths (3.39–4.27) is lower than that in the host plutons (4.86–5.94). All of the analysed rocks show similar REE patterns, although the xenoliths display marked positive Eu anomalies and the host rocks show slightly negative Eu anomalies. Values of epsilon Nd (t) ranges from ?4.9 to ?9.9 in the gabbro xenoliths and from ?11.4 to ?11.9 in the host intrusives. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are 0.7064–0.7073 in the xenoliths and 0.7072–0.7084 in the quartz monzonitic diorite host rocks. Crystallization temperatures of hornblende and plagioclase in the gabbro xenoliths, diorite xenoliths, and host rocks are 816, 773–790, and 664–725°C, respectively, based on an amphibole–plagioclase geothermometer. The pressures recorded by these phases indicate that they formed at depths of 26, 12–15, and 3–4 km, respectively, based on an aluminum‐in‐hornblende geobarometer. The petrological and geochemical features of the analysed intrusions and xenoliths are consistent with their derivation from basic to intermediate‐acidic magmas that possibly formed via a series of complex interactions between underplated, mantle‐derived basaltic magma and varying amounts of middle‐ to lower‐crustal material, followed by assimilation–fractional crystallization.  相似文献   

Geochemical and isotopic evidence for the age,orogenic setting and petrogenesis of the Nychum Volcanic association,North Queensland     

J.C. Bailey  W.R. Morgan  L.P. Black 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):375-393

Rb‐Sr and K‐Ar age determinations agree with palaeobotanical evidence in assigning an age of 270 Ma (Lower Permian) to the Nychum Volcanics, North Queensland. Geological and geochemical evidence (moderate ‐REE, La/Yb, Th, Zr/Y, Hf/Yb, Sc/Ni) indicate that the volcanics were erupted on a thin, active continental margin. Five magma groups are present: high‐alumina basalts, andesite‐dacites, acid rocks, tholeiitic andesites, and pitchstone with a high La/Yb ratio. The high‐alumina basalts and calc‐alkaline andesites have a parent‐daughter (source rock‐partial melt) relationship. The acid rocks share high HREE, Zr, Hf, Zn, Sc, Fe/Mg and low Al with, and may be fractionated from, the tholeiitic subduction‐zone andesites. Low‐pressure fractional crystallisation is evident in all five magma groups.  相似文献   

Effects of Melt Fractional Crystallization on Whole-Rock Sr-Nd and Zircon Lu-Hf Isotope Systems: a Case Study on Weihai Migmatitic Gneiss, Sulu UHP Metamorphic Terrane, Eastern China     

XU Haijin  YE Kai  ZHANG Junfeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):511-512

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分数阶S变换:第一部分,理论(英文)   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

胥德平  郭科 《应用地球物理》2012,9(1):73-79

S变换(ST)结合了小波变换和短时傅里叶变换的特性,对信号处理具有良好的局部时频聚集性.分数阶傅里叶变换是一种对非平稳信号分析的工具.本文基于分数阶傅里叶变换和S变换的思想,提出了分数阶S变换(FRST),将S变换从时间-频率域推广到时间-分数阶频率域,推导了它的逆变换公式并研究了其数学性质。分数阶S变换(FRST)具有分数阶傅里叶变换和S变换的优点,增强了S变换对信号处理的灵活性。相比于S变换,分数阶S变换能提高信号时频分辨能力。仿真实验证实了该方法的有效性。  相似文献   

一种新的岩石非线性黏弹塑性流变模型     

宋勇军  雷胜友  韩铁林 《岩土力学》2012,33(7):2076-2080

借鉴经典元件组合模型的建模思路,将含分数阶微积分的软体元件与弹簧元件串联,结合一个幂函数黏塑性体,提出一种新的四元件非线性黏弹塑性流变模型,并给出该模型的本构方程和蠕变方程,得到在不同应力条件下的蠕变曲线。可以发现,岩石稳定蠕变阶段的非线性渐变过程和加速蠕变阶段蠕变速率的快慢程度可通过调整蠕变参数进行有效地模拟。在较低应力水平时,模型能够有效地刻画岩石的初始蠕变和稳定蠕变;当应力水平超过岩石的长期强度时,能够反映加速蠕变特性。利用该模型对试验数据拟合的结果表明,含有软体元件和幂函数黏塑性体的非线性流变模型能够有效地描述岩石的蠕变特性,减少组合模型中的元件个数和参数数量。  相似文献   

2001-2013年洞庭湖流域植被覆盖度时空变化特征     

符静  秦建新  张猛  龙岳红 《地球信息科学学报》2016,18(9):1209-1216

本文基于2001-2013年MODIS NDVI多时序数据,采用像元二分模型估算了洞庭湖流域植被覆盖度,分析了区域近13年来植被覆盖度的变化特征及趋势,并结合同期气象数据,阐明了植被覆盖度变化对气候因素的响应。结果表明：（1）近13年洞庭湖流域植被覆盖度的整体变化较为稳定,呈微弱减少趋势,速率为-0.3%/10a。（2）洞庭湖流域绝大部分区域植被覆盖状况良好,植被覆盖度呈自西向东递减趋势,高植被覆盖度及中高植被覆盖度占整个流域面积的88.63%,水体或低植被覆盖度及中低植被覆盖度仅占2.57%。（3）洞庭湖流域植被覆盖度变化趋势为北部强于南部、东部强于西部。流域内植被覆盖度极显著与显著减少的面积比例为5.30%、增加面积的比例为4.29%,植被覆盖度变化不显著占90.40%。该区域植被覆盖度变化受人为因素影响更大。  相似文献   

岩石分数阶体积变形模型及其试验研究     

何明明  李宁  朱才辉  陈蕴生 《岩土力学》2016,37(11):3137-3144

为了可以合理地描述岩石的体积变形行为,从分数阶微积分出发,基于分数阶常黏性和变黏性系数Abel黏壶元件,提出了环向-轴向应变分数阶黏壶,构建了岩石在单三轴压缩,松弛及蠕变条件下的分数阶体积应变-轴向应变关系,得到了模型的解析解,新模型可为求解岩石的体积应变提供一种新方法。在完整砂岩、泥岩试样及单裂隙砂岩试样的单三轴压缩、松弛及裂隙花岗岩蠕变试验数据的基础上,通过拟合分析确定了分数阶导数体积-轴向应变关系模型的参数,并进行了参数敏感性分析,揭示了围压、单裂隙倾角、微分阶数及模型参数对体积应变的影响规律。结果表明,利用该黏壶构建的体积-轴向应变关系模型,不仅可以更好地描述岩石体积变形的剪缩、剪胀特性,还能够反映岩石的松弛及蠕变变形特性。  相似文献   

基于分式析因及最佳子集回归的多种污染物复合污染特征——阿特拉津与多种污染物在松花江沉积物上的吸附效应     

李鱼  王檬  张琛  高茜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(5):1595-1602

为揭示农药（晶体乐果、甲霜灵、阿特拉津、马拉硫磷、扑草净）与重金属（铜、锌、铅、镉、镍）10种污染物共存时的复合污染规律,以阿特拉津为目标污染物,采用分辨度为Ⅲ的2^10-6分式析因实验设计,并用完全折叠实验和区组设计进行辅助,通过多元线性回归的建模方法筛选并建立了以阿特拉津为因变量、10种污染物因子主效应和二阶交互效应为自变量的多元线性回归吸附模型。研究表明：共存体系中因子主效应项铅、铜、锌、镉、镍和农药晶体乐果显著抑制（显著性水平α=0.05）阿特拉津在沉积物上的吸附,与阿特拉津产生竞争吸附效应,因重金属主效应产生的拮抗作用占总拮抗作用的63.5%,其拮抗作用从大到小为镍、镉、晶体乐果、锌、铅、铜;在以镍为关键自变量的二阶交互效应项中,因二阶交互效应项产生的协同或拮抗作用占阿特拉津吸附能力的35.3%,其中,铅、镉和晶体乐果抑制镍与阿特拉津的竞争吸附,与阿特拉津在沉积物上的吸附发生协同作用,协同作用从大到小为镉×镍、铅×镍、镍×晶体乐果;而镍作为调节自变量的二阶交互效应项镍阿特拉津会促进阿特拉津的吸附,说明多种污染物共存体系中重金属镍对阿特拉津在沉积物上吸附影响作用的复杂性和重要性。  相似文献   

Fractional order intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand modeling applied to highway bridges     

Abdollah Shafieezadeh  Karthik Ramanathan  Jamie E. Padgett  Reginald DesRoches 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(3):391-409

Probabilistic seismic analysis of structures involves the construction of seismic demand models, often stated as probabilistic models of structural response conditioned on a seismic intensity measure. The uncertainty introduced by the model is often a result of the chosen intensity measure. This paper introduces the concept of using fractional order intensity measures (IMs) in probabilistic seismic demand analysis and uses a single frame integral concrete box‐girder bridge class and a seismically designed multispan continuous steel girder bridge class as case studies. The fractional order IMs considered include peak ground response and spectral accelerations at 0.2 and 1.0 s considering a single degree of freedom system with fractional damping, , as well as a linear single degree of freedom system with fractional response, . The study reveals the advantage of fractional order IMs relative to conventional IMs such as peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, or spectral acceleration at 0.2 and 1.0 s. Metrics such as efficiency, sufficiency, practicality, and proficiency are measured to assess the optimal nature of fractional order IMs. The results indicate that the proposed fractional order IMs produce significant improvements in efficiency and proficiency, whereas maintaining practicality and sufficiency, and thus providing superior demand models that can be used in probabilistic seismic demand analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献