皮尔斯比率图解在腾冲新生代火山岩研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李静 《岩石矿物学杂志》1995,14(3):203-210

腾冲新生代火山岩属钙碱性系列，可分为四个喷发期，构成两个岩浆旋回：Ｎ＿２－Ｑ＿１为玄武岩—英安岩；Ｑ＿３—Ｑ＿４为玄武岩—安山岩。应用皮尔斯比率图解对其进行研究表明：分离结晶作用是岩石化学成分变异的主要因素；第一旋回的玄武岩浆可能起源于上地幔的部分熔融，经（Ｐｌ＋Ｃｐｘ±Ｏ１±Ｍｔ）矿物组合的分离结晶而形成英安岩浆。英安岩浆在形成或演化过程中受到了地壳物质的轻度混染。该旋回具有张性构造环境中双峰式火成岩套的特点。第二旋回的玄武岩浆可能起源于早期俯冲洋壳的部分熔融，经（Ｍｔ＋Ｐｌ＋Ｃｐｘ±Ｏｐｘ）矿物组合的分离结晶而形成安山岩浆，为安山岩成因的分离结晶模式提供了一个良好的实例。该旋回具有典型的弧火山岩的特点。  相似文献   

东疆白石头泉含黄玉天河石花岗岩体的地球化学：分带和岩浆演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

顾连兴  吴昌志  张遵忠  苟晓琴  刘四海  郑远川  张光辉 《高校地质学报》2007,13(2):207-223

白石头泉含黄玉的天河石花岗岩体Rb-Sr等时线年龄209.6±9.6 Ma，从下至上可分为5个连续过渡的岩相带，即淡色花岗岩（a带），含天河石花岗岩（b带），天河石花岗岩（c带），含黄玉天河石花岗岩（d带）以及黄玉钠长花岗岩（e带）。岩体的岩石地球化学特征是高F（> 2 %）、高 Rb (500×10-6～1 087×10-6)，低 P2O5 (≤0.06%)，Na2O>K2O，弱过铝 (A/NKC=1.00~1.11)、翼型稀土元素配分曲线 (ΣREE=28.6×10-6~231.9×10-6)、低(La/Lu)N值 (0.11~0.68)、强烈Eu负异常(Eu/Eu* = 0.0005~0.0110)、Nd同位素富集（εNd (t )= -4.4~-4.9）。该岩体的岩浆是中地壳云母片麻岩部分熔融的产物。从a带到e带的地球化学变化是：（1）F，A2O3和Na2O含量逐渐增加，而SiO2，（Fe2O3+FeO+MgO+MnO）、FeO和K2O含量逐渐减少，在标准矿物的Qz-Ab-Or图上总体向Ab角顶移动；（2）总体而言，Cr，Ni，Co，V，W，Nb，Zr，U，Th和Y含量逐渐减少，而F，Li，Rb，Hf，Ta，Sn，Sc，Ga和Zn含量逐渐增加，但d带到e带间存在Li，Rb，Sn，Sc和Zn含量的突降；（3）K/Rb，Al/Ga，Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf值下降， 但K/Cs，Th/U，(La/Lu)N值上升；（4）全岩的δ18O 值从a带的9.25 ‰~9.75 ‰降低到e带的7.32 ‰，d带与e带间存在2.1‰的δ18O值突降。岩浆从a带到e带的垂向分带是分离结晶和流体输运的共同结果。岩体的d带与e带存在明显的成分间断。在矿物成分上表现为黄玉、钠长石和白云母的剧增，钾长石和天河石的剧减。在主量元素上表现为 Na2O和CaO含量的剧增，SiO2和K2O含量的剧减。在微量元素上表现为F，Ga，Sr和Ba含量的剧增，Li，Rb，Sc，Zn和Sn含量的剧减。在稀土元素上，Eu/Eu*和(La/Lu)N值增加，而ΣREE值降低。在氧同位素特征上，δ18O值显著降低。这种间断不仅受分离结晶和流体输运的制约，也与天水加入、围岩混染和亚固相线淋滤有关。  相似文献   

Development of a Continental Volcanic Field: Petrogenesis of Pre-caldera Intermediate and Silicic Rocks and Origin of the Bandelier Magmas, Jemez Mountains (New Mexico, USA)     

Rowe  M. C.; Wolff  J. A.; Gardner  J. N.; Ramos  F. C.; Teasdale  R.; Heikoop  C. E. 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(11):2063-2091

The Miocene–Quaternary Jemez Mountains volcanic field(JMVF) is the site of the Valles caldera and associated BandelierTuff. Caldera formation was preceded by > 10 Myr of volcanismdominated by intermediate composition rocks (57–70% SiO₂)that contain components derived from the lithospheric mantleand Precambrian crust. Simple mixing between crust-dominatedsilicic melts and mantle-dominated mafic magmas, fractionalcrystallization, and assimilation accompanied by fractionalcrystallization are the principal mechanisms involved in theproduction of these intermediate lavas. A variety of isotopicallydistinct crustal sources were involved in magmatism between13 and 6 Ma, but only one type (or two very similar types) ofcrust between 6 and 2 Ma. This long history constitutes a recordof accommodation of mantle-derived magma in the crust by meltingof country rock. The post-2 Ma Bandelier Tuff and associatedrhyolites were, in contrast, generated by melting of hybridizedcrust in the form of buried, warm intrusive rocks associatedwith pre-6 Ma activity. Major shifts in the location, styleand geochemical character of magmatism in the JMVF occur withina few million years after volcanic maxima and may correspondto pooling of magma at a new location in the crust followingsolidification of earlier magma chambers that acted as trapsfor basaltic replenishment. KEY WORDS: crustal anatexis; fractional crystallization; Jemez Mountain Volcanic Field; Valles Caldera; radiogenic isotopes; trace elements  相似文献   

赛马-柏林川碱性杂岩常量组分变异的分离结晶制约     

谭东娟  林景仟  单玄龙 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1998,(4)

赛马－柏林川碱性杂岩体为侵位于古元古宙与新元古宙之间的缓倾斜岩席状岩体,缓倾的张裂隙制约了分异岩浆的侵位和含矿溶液的流通,交代富集的上地幔产生的富碱岩浆与富集的地壳产生的岩浆以不同比例混合,形成了正长质岩浆和霞石正长质岩浆。含地壳组分较高的正长质岩浆,受富钙辉石、角闪石和镁质较高黑云母的结晶分离制约向硅酸过饱和方向演化;霞石正长质岩浆受富钙辉石—霓辉石、白榴石、含Ｆｅ较高黑云母、黑榴石的分离结晶制约发生分异。稀土元素矿床是霞石正长质岩浆分异残余熔体的产物,侵位于岩体最高层位。  相似文献   

平衡剖面研究中的新方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张世华  叶艳鸣  李忠权  张寿庭 《矿物岩石》1998,(Z1)

随着现代化计算手段的运用的新的地学思维方法的影响,在平衡剖面研究中引入计算机模拟技术,分数维方法,三维模式等新方法,使平衡剖面技术具有了更加广阔的应用前景。另外,本文还对平衡剖面技术的局限性和发展趋势进行了探讨。  相似文献   

基于HJ-1A高光谱的黄河口碱蓬和柽柳盖度反演模型研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

任广波  张杰  马毅 《海洋学报》2015,37(9):51-58

碱蓬和柽柳是黄河口湿地典型的盐生植物类型,是多种保护珍禽的主要栖息地,具有景观尺度较小、分布广且多混生的特点。应用覆盖黄河口北部潮滩的HJ-1A高光谱遥感影像,基于现场测量的端元光谱和从遥感影像中使用顺序最大角凸锥法(SAMCC)自动提取的端元光谱,应用线性光谱分解法(LSU)、正交子空间投影法(OSP)、匹配滤波法(MF)、最小能量约束法(CEM)和自适应一致估计法(ACE)5种不同光谱解混方法进行混合像元光谱解混,对比两种方法得到的端元光谱分别对碱蓬和柽柳盖度的反演能力,并给出相应的反演模型。结果显示:(1)现场测量端元光谱取得了较好的碱蓬和柽柳盖度反演结果,其中应用LSU方法的光谱解混结果与现场测量盖度的决定系数对于碱蓬和柽柳分别达到了0.88和0.95;(2)两种端元获取方式的光谱解混结果中,LSU和OSP方法均获得了较高的相关性,ACE解混方法的相关性都最低;(3)SAMCC方法提取端元光谱对柽柳的分解结果与现场测量盖度的相关性远高于碱蓬。  相似文献   

北京城市下垫面的非均匀性度量研究     

刘勇洪  何文斌  徐永明 《南京气象学院学报》2015,7(5):444-450

城市下垫面非均匀性度量研究对于改进中尺度数值模式、提高城市气象预报准确率具有重要意义.基于分形布朗运动理论和Landsat-TM卫星遥感图像,估算了2011年北京典型下垫面类型个例和整个空间区域的分数维,由此来度量北京城市下垫面的非均匀性特征.研究结果显示:分数维能有效度量北京城市下垫面的非均匀程度,典型下垫面类型的分数维高低顺序为商业区 >大型居民区 >城市绿地 >农田>林地 >水体;北京六环内区域及郊区城镇地表非均匀特征明显,分数维一般在2.50以上,北京城市中心(二环内)存在一个分数维相对低值区,二环—四环之间区域分数维普遍较高,在2.70以上,五环以外分数维则不断降低,反映出北京城市下垫面非均匀性从中心向外呈低—高—低的空间分布;下垫面类型中建筑用地、绿地、未利用地、农田、林地和水体的平均分数维分别为2.71、2.62、2.55、2.38、2.30和2.28,分数维值的高低反映了城市下垫面类型的非均匀程度大小,对定量描述城市边界层参数的复杂特征具有参考意义.  相似文献   

Preliminary Assessment of the Common Land Model Coupled with the IAP Dynamic Global Vegetation Model          下载免费PDF全文

ZHU Jia-Wen  ZENG Xiao-Dong  LI Fang  SONG Xiang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):505-509

The Common Land Model（CoLM） was coupled with the IAP Dynamic Global Vegetation Model（IAPDGVM）, and the performance of this combined CoLMIAP model was evaluated. Offline simulations using both the original Common Land Model（CoLM-LPJ） and CoLM-IAP were conducted. The CoLM-IAP coupled model showed a significant improvement over CoLMLPJ, as the deciduous tree distribution decreased over temperate and boreal regions, while the distribution of evergreen trees increased over the tropics. Some biases in CoLM-LPJ were preserved, including the overestimation of evergreen trees in tropical savanna, the underestimation of boreal evergreen trees, and the absence of boreal shrubs. However, most of these biases did not exist in a further coupled simulation of IAP-DGVM with the Community Land Model（CLM）, for which the parameters of IAP-DGVM were optimized. This implies that further improvement is needed to deal with the differences between CoLM and CLM in parameterizations of landbased physical and biochemical processes.  相似文献   

Investigation of Uncertainties of Establishment Schemes in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models简     

SONG Xiang  ZENG Xiaodong 《大气科学进展》2014,31(1):85-94

In Dynamic Global Vegetation Models （DGVMs）, the establishment of woody vegetation refers to flowering, fertiliza- tion, seed production, germination, and the growth of tree seedlings. It determines not only the population densities but also other important ecosystem structural variables. In current DGVMs, establishments of woody plant functional types （PFTs） are assumed to be either the same in the same grid cell, or largely stochastic. We investigated the uncertainties in the competition of establishment among coexisting woody PFTs from three aspects： the dependence of PFT establishments on vegetation states; background establishment; and relative establishment potentials of different PFTs. Sensitivity experi- ments showed that the dependence of establishment rate on the fractional coverage of a PFT favored the dominant PFT by increasing its share in establishment. While a small background establishment rate had little impact on equilibrium states of the ecosystem, it did change the timescale required for the establishment of alien species in pre-existing forest due to their disadvantage in seed competition during the early stage of invasion. Meanwhile, establishment purely fiom background （the scheme commonly used in current DGVMs） led to inconsistent behavior in response to the change in PFT specification （e.g., number of PFTs and their specification）. Furthermore, the results also indicated that trade-off between irtdividual growth and reproduction/colonization has significant influences on the competition of establishment. Hence, further development of es- tablishment parameterization in DGVMs is essential in reducing the uncertainties in simulations of both ecosystem structures and successions.  相似文献   

Google Earth Engine平台下秦岭地区植被覆盖时空变化分析     

赵侃  师芸  牛敏杰 《测绘通报》2022,(5):49-55

秦岭地区植被覆盖动态变化对其生态环境有重要影响。本文利用Google Earth Engine云平台,选取1986—2019年Landsat TM/OLI地表反射率数据,结合像元二分模型估算秦岭地区植被覆盖度(FVC);通过年际变化斜率、变异系数、Hurst指数等评价指标,对FVC的时空变化、稳定性和持续性变化进行分析。此外,探究FVC与气温、降雨的耦合关系,并分析土地利用变化对FVC的影响。结果表明:34年间,秦岭地区FVC整体上呈现良好的状况,中高等及以上植被覆盖区达73.11%;FVC由1986年的62.86%增长到2019年的70.01%,植被活动在不断增强;FVC的变异系数均值为0.34,标准差为0.45,其稳定性与其空间分布呈高度自相关性;秦岭地区的植被覆盖变化受气候变化和人为因素的共同影响。  相似文献