“一带一路”区域水电站工程生态环境影响遥感监测     

龚围  李丽  柳钦火  辛晓洲  彭志晴  邬明权  牛铮  田海峰 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(7):1424-1436

为实现“一带一路”区域可持续发展,我国倡导绿色、低碳、循环、可持续的生产生活方式,建设绿色“一带一路”。遥感技术在生态环境监测与评价方面具有重要作用。本文以“一带一路”区域中国援建的水电站工程为研究对象,基于陆地系列卫星(Landsat)、哨兵2号（Sentinel-2）等遥感对地观测数据,利用决策树与缓冲区分析等方法,从水电站库区概况、水电站对植被生长状况与生态资源影响等方面,开展“一带一路”区域水电站项目建设对当地经济发展和生态环境影响的遥感监测及分析。本文首先根据遥感影像与DEM确定库区及库容,结合最小外接正方形面积比及平均宽度等指标确定各水电站缓冲区类型和范围。利用NDWI及NDVI构建决策树模型,提取各缓冲区土地利用类型,分为水体、林地、草地、耕地和其它5类;结合区域植被覆盖度,估算库区生态占用并对水电站建成前后的土地利用类型和植被变化进行分析。研究结果表明：① “一带一路”沿线10座水电站造成的生态损失与库区面积呈正相关,不同工程间,在水体、林地、草地、耕地和其它方面的损失面积大小存在较大差异;② 土地利用类型与植被覆盖度年均变化幅度约为0.35%、1.27%,水电站修建对周边生态资源与植被生长状况影响较小,同时在植被覆盖度较低的地区水电站的修建会明显改善周边环境;③ 各水电站周边的植被覆盖度差异较大,大部分水电站周边植被生长状况良好;④ 水电站建设始终坚持工程建设与环境保护并重,从施工设计到水电站后期维护期间,积极采取环保措施,减少占用,保护生物多样性,生态风险防范得当;⑤ 水电站提供了优质的清洁能源,促进了当地经济和社会发展。  相似文献   

大别山超高压变质带中牛凸岭地区低温-高压榴辉岩的发现及其意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

石永红  林伟  王清晨 《岩石学报》2008,24(6):1288-1296

依据时南大别超高压带腹地的榴辉岩野外地质调查、岩相学和热力学的研究表明,南大别腹地--牛凸岭地区榴辉岩属于低温高压榴辉岩,并未经历超高压变质作用.该地区榴辉岩的共生围岩主要为片岩、片麻岩和斜长角闪岩,石榴石多为自形-半自形,内含大量的早期矿物包体,峰期变质温压条件分别为:T=360～520℃;P=1.3～2.4GPa.对比南大别超高压榴辉岩形成的变质条件,两者压力差可达0.7GPa,约20km厚的地壳深度缺失.结合构造分析牛凸岭单元更类似于桐城-源潭铺高压块体,推测其属于构造上层部位岩片.  相似文献   

Sequential extraction of heavy metals during composting of urban waste     

Ayari F.  Chairi R.  and Kossai R. Laboratoire Eau et Environnement Institut National de Recherche Scientifique et Technique  B.P. - Hammam-lif  TUNISIE Laboratoire Ressources minérales et Environnement. Faculté des Sciences de Tunis. Univ. Tunis El Manar Université de Tunis-IPEIT. Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée  rue Jawaher Lel Nehru  Monfleury-Tunis-Tunisie 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(2):121-125

In urban waste （the first matter of compost）, elements such as copper, nickel and lead may be found in metallic state （wire, pile, accumulator, etc.）, which is considered as non-dependent state. The work undertaken at the laboratory of composting of the INRST in Henchir Lihoudia （Tunis） showed that the produced compost does not contain any mobile metallic element and the portion related to organic fraction （bioavailable） is tiny in size. We supposed that many reactions involving decomposition and complexation from elements related to the matrix components occurred during composting. The existence and importance of this phenomenon can be evaluated by studying the evolution of metal contents in the different fractions extracted sequentially during composting process.  相似文献   

陡峭山区影像的半经验地形校正     

林起楠  黄华国  陈玲  陈尔学 《遥感学报》2017,21(5):776-784

本文提出一种新的半经验地形校正模型SCEDIL(Simple topographic Correction using Estimation of Diffuse Light),该模型通过结合DEM与光学影像数据寻找局部区域内完全光照和阴影的水平像元,并以光照、阴影水平像元的平均反射率值估算局部区域散射辐射比,提高了陡峭山区影像的地形校正精度。以高分一号卫星和Landsat ETM+影像为例,从目视判读和定量分析两个方面,比较分析该算法与传统半经验地形校正算法(C、SCS+C)的校正结果。结果表明:(1)对较为平坦的地形,SCEDIL和C、SCS+C校正都有较好的目视结果;对地面起伏较大的陡峭地形,C、SCS+C校正后,原阴影区域易呈现破碎化特征,SCEDIL校正后,原阴影区域过渡较为平滑。(2)SCEDIL校正后,各波段反射率的均值和标准差优于C、SCS+C校正,SCEDIL校正后,影像总分类精度与同类地物光谱信息均一性均优于C和SCS+C校正。SCEDIL半经验地形校正方法能有效地去除影像中的地形干扰,尤其对陡峭地形的校正效果,优于常规地形校正模型。  相似文献   

中国西北地区蒸发散量计算的遥感研究   总被引：49，自引：0，他引：49  

陈云浩  李晓兵  史培军 《地理学报》2001,56(3):261-268

自然陆面区域蒸发散的教育处是一个复杂的问题，在利用遥感资料求取地表特征参数的基础上，首先建立了2种极端条件下（裸露地表和全植被覆盖）的裸土蒸发和全植被覆盖蒸散计算模型，然后结合植被覆盖度给出非均匀陆面条件下的区域蒸发散计算方法，实测资料验算表明该模型具有较高的计算精度，最后利用该模型对我国西北5省区的蒸发散量进行了计算，并对该研究区蒸发散的特点进行了分析。  相似文献   

Structural geometry of the early Precambrian terrane south of Coimbatore in the “Palghat Gap”, southern India     

K. Naha  R. Srinivasan  G. K. Deb 《Journal of Earth System Science》1997,106(4):237-247

The ENE-plunging macroscopic folds, traced by calc gneiss interbanded with marble and sillimanite schist within the Peninsular Gneiss around Suganapuram in the ‘Palghat gap’ in southern India, represent structures of the second generation (D₂). They have folded the axial planes of a set of D₁ isoclinal folds on stratification coaxially, so that the mesoscopic D₁ folds range from reclined in the hinge zones, through inclined to upright in the limb zones of the D₂ folds. Orthogonal relation between stratification and axial planar cleavage, and ‘M’ shaped folds on layering locate the hinge zones of the D₁ folds, whereas folds on axial planar cleavage with ‘M’ shaped folds are the sites of the D₂ fold hinges. Extreme variation in the shapes of the isoclinal D₁ folds from class 1B through class 1C to nearly class 2 of Ramsay is a consequence of buckling followed by flattening on layers of widely varying viscosity contrast. The large ENE-trending structures in this supracrustal belt within the Peninsular Gneiss in the ‘Palghat gap’ could not have evolved by reorientation of NS-trending structures of the Dharwar tectonic province to the north by movement along the Moyar-Bhavani shear zone which marks the boundary between the two provinces. This is because the Moyar and Bhavani faults are steep dipping reverse faults with dominant dip-slip component. Deceased  相似文献   

A major seismogenic fault in a 'silent area': the Castrovillari fault (southern Apennines, Italy)     

F. R. Cinti  L. Cucci  D. Pantosti  G. D'Addezio  M. Meghraoui 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(3):595-605

Large historical earthquakes in Italy define a prominent gap in the Pollino region of the southern Apennines. Geomorphic and palaeoseismological investigations in this region show that the Castrovillari fault (CF) is a major seismogenic source that could potentially fill the southern part of this gap. The surface expression of the CF is a complex, 10–13 km long set of prominent scarps. Trenches across one scarp indicate that at least four surface-faulting earthquakes have occurred along the CF since Late Pleistocene time, each producing at least 1 m of vertical displacement. The length of the fault and the slip per event suggest M =6.5-7.0 for the palaeoearthquakes. Preliminary radiocarbon dating coupled with historical considerations imply that the most recent of these earthquakes occurred between 380 BC and 1200 AD, and probably soon after 760 AD; no evidence for this event has been found in the historical record. We estimate a minimum recurrence interval of 1170 years and a vertical slip rate of 0.2-0.5 mm yr^-1 for the CF, which indicates that the seismic behaviour of this fault is comparable to other major seismogenic faults of the central-southern Apennines. The lack of mention or the mislocation of the most recent event in the historical seismic memory of the Pollino region clearly shows that even in Italy, which has one of the longest historical records of seismicity, a seismic hazard assessment based solely on the historical record may not be completely reliable, and shows that geological investigations are critical for filling possible information gaps.  相似文献   

江苏常熟—太仓5.1级地震前兆异常的识别     

鲁宗良 《地震地磁观测与研究》1992,13(1):40-45

本文讨论了當熟—太仓5.1级地震前,邻近地区曾多次出现小震震群,形成一个空区之后,在黄海“老震区”出现相对的波形异常。研究结果表明,这些空区和波形异常的出现,除了与地质条件有关外,还显示了出现主震前兆异常的可能性。  相似文献   

澜沧—耿马地震前的地震活动条带与空区   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范杨 《地震研究》1991,14(2):122-126

1988年11月6日滇西南发生了澜沧7.6级、耿马7.2级强烈地震,两震相距70公里。本文分析了大震活动的条带与空区特征。这两次地震之前既有M≥4.5地震活动条带,又有M≥3.5地震空区,条带与空区相连接。空区是震前三年多开始出现,震前半年消失的;条带是前一年多时间内形成的,条带的迅速形成深入到空区之内,促使了空区的消失。澜沧7.6级地震发生在两个条带的交汇部位,也是条带的端部、空区的边缘;耿马7.2级地震则发生在空区之内。  相似文献   

四川省地震重点监视防御区未来地震潜势的研究     

闻学泽  陈农 《四川地震》1992,(1):1-25

本文通过历史地震及现今地震活动性的分析、活断层分段理论及地震空区理论的应用、地震平均复发间隔及复发条件概率的估算以及多学科专家综合评估方法的引入，对川西鲜水河－安宁河－则木河断裂和滇东小江断裂带（中－北段）上15个不同段落的地震潜势进行了深入的研究。进一步修正并重新圈绘出位于鲜水河－安宁河－则木河断裂带上的四川省地震重点监视防御区，其范围：北起道孚县的葛卡或者松林口一带，南至西昌市，沿鲜水河－安宁河－则木河主干断裂带展布，全长约350千米。按对未来地震震级估计的不同，该区可分成3段。第1段位于葛卡或松林口至康定之间，震级估计为7±1／4级；第2段位于康定与石棉之间，估计的震级是61／2±1／4；第3段位于石棉至西昌之间，震级估计为7－71／2。此外，研究结果还显示了小江断裂带上的新塘湾和寻甸一嵩明两个段落未来15年内强震发生的概率相对较高。  相似文献