基于地理格网分级法提取的中国传统村落空间分布     

余亮  孟晓丽 《地理科学进展》2016,35(11):1388-1396

中国传统村落真实地记录了建筑、民俗民风和较原始的民居空间形态,是千百年来人类与自然和谐共存的生活基础。随着城市化进程加快,传统村落的存续受到了很大的挑战,为了更好地保护利用传统村落,对其进行多视角的研究尤为重要,除了微观层面的具体保护措施外,还应加强宏观层面的空间分布研究。地理格网是表达复杂地理现象、综合分析自然与人文数据、模拟地理系统功能与行为的基本方法。本文从百度影像地图提取村落坐标,并截取遥感影像作为村落点数据的判断补充,在此基础上,运用地理格网的分级法,对国家公布的三批中国传统村落(2555个)数据进行空间格局分析,结果表明：这些村落主要分布在中国东南部,如落在一级格网Ⅰ18、Ⅰ19就分别有586、781个村落,占三批传统村落总数的96.6%。通过对二级和三级格网的村落分布离散性进行分析,使传统村落的空间分布数据结构更加系统和清晰有序,为合理构建其数据库提供了框架基础。  相似文献   

Effects of demand estimates on the evaluation and optimality of service centre locations     

Matej Cebecauer  Konštantín Rosina  Ľuboš Buzna 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(4):765-784

Public service systems, such as emergency health care, police or fire brigades, are critical for day-to-day functioning of the society. To design and operate these systems efficiently much data needs to be collected and properly utilised. Here, we use the OpenStreetMap (OSM) data to model the demand points (DPs), which approximate the geographical location of customers, and the road network, which is used to access or distribute services. We consider all inhabitants as customers, and therefore to estimate the demand, we use the available population grids. People are changing their location in the course of the day and thus the demand for services is changing accordingly. In this paper, we investigate how the used demand estimate affects the optimal design of a public service system. We calculate and compare efficient designs corresponding to two demand models, a night-time demand model when the majority of inhabitants rest at home and the demand model derived from the 24-hour average of the population density. We propose a simple measure to quantify the differences between population grids and we estimate how the size of differences affects the optimal structure of a public service system. Our analyses reveal that the efficiency of the service system is not only dependent on the placement strategy, but an inappropriate demand model has significant effects when designing a system as well as when evaluating its efficiency.  相似文献   

Why Edit a Journal? Academic Irony and Paradox     

Iain Hay 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(1):159-165

Although journal editing is central to scholarly enterprise, helping to maintain academic standards and shape disciplines, it is frequently discouraged within the academic assemblages that depend on it. Following recent contributions by geographers to discussions on academic service such as book editing and reviewing, this article explores some ironies and paradoxes of journal editing. It first discusses the challenges of journal editing as well as its problematic place in “academic capitalism.” It then examines professional and personal rewards of journal editing. Despite strong disincentives, journal editing offers valuable opportunities for self-development and deepening professional networks, as well as for refining the discipline.  相似文献   

“松科二井”用硬岩长寿命钻头的设计与应用     

李春  沈立娜 《探矿工程》2018,45(2):56-60

为提高“松科二井”在深井硬岩钻进中的寿命与效率,选用了高性能胎体材料、高强度焊接材料,并采用了合理的钻头结构与水路结构设计,研制的φ216/124 mm金刚石取心钻头在“松科二井”取得了良好的效果,本文介绍了适用于深井硬岩的金刚石钻头的设计及应用效果。  相似文献   

Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性介质井孔声场有限差分数值模拟与波形特征     

岳崇旺  王祝文 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(4):1268-1275

岩石介质具有黏滞性,黏弹性介质模型相对于弹性介质模型更为接近岩石介质的真实情况。根据Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性单元体模型本构关系,推导了柱坐标系下各向同性黏弹性介质时间域交错网格有限差分方程,进行了黏弹性介质井孔声场的数值模拟。模拟结果表明：品质因子和声源中心频率对黏弹性介质中的井内外声场均有影响：井外声场和井内声场的衰减均随品质因子的增大而减小,井外声波和井内反射波振幅随之增大;井外声场的衰减随声源中心频率的增大而减小,井外声波振幅随之增大,井内声场的衰减随声源中心频率的增大而增大,井内反射波振幅随之减小。  相似文献   

黑龙江省兴凯湖自然保护区生态系统固碳服务功能评价     

肖红叶  戴慧敏  杨泽  刘国栋  高铁  杨佳佳  张一鹤 《地质与资源》2021,29(6):570-573

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典型断陷盆地流域生态系统服务价值时空差异研究     

梁锦桃  邓艳  曹建华  靳振江  李旭尧 《中国岩溶》2021,40(3):476-486

以典型断陷盆地——小江流域为研究对象,以1982年的TM影像、2003年的Landsat ETM+影像和2016年的Landsat OLI影像为数据源,结合云南省测绘局所提供的150 000的土地利用状况图,采用 Costanza 公式对生态系统服务价值进行评估,精细刻画出云南小江流域“盆—山”共存的地质分异结构下生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征。结果表明:（1）小江流域以农田生态系统为主,研究期内生态系统格局总体稳定,耕地、建设用地、林地和园地都有不同程度的增加,而未利用地面积减少,水域面积基本不变;（2）1982-2016年,研究区生态系统服务总价值呈上升趋势,1982、2003和2016年生态系统服务总价值分别为90.11×108元、105.65×108元和136.81×108元,耕地、林地、园地和水域的生态系统服务价值整体上升,而未利用地的生态系统服务价值减少;（3）整体上,小江流域南部和东部生态系统服务价值增加明显,而中部和西部地区生态系统服务价值呈阶段性变化或持续下降趋势,小江岩溶河谷区的生态系统服务价值最高,而沉积平坝区的生态系统服务价值密度最低,且为唯一一个衰退型生态系统服务功能区;（4）研究期内小江流域各项生态系统服务价值均呈上升趋势,调节服务居主导地位,且以气候调节服务价值最高。小江流域生态系统服务价值缺乏弹性,水域生态系统面积变化对研究区生态系统价值的变化具有放大作用。实施封山育林、退耕还林、小流域治理工程等石漠化综合治理工程可增加生态系统服务价值。   相似文献   

Reducing wind power curtailment in China: comparing the roles of coal power flexibility and improved dispatch     

Hong Lu  Qionghui Li  Ryan Wiser  Kevin Porter 《Climate Policy》2019,19(5):623-635

Renewable energy curtailment is a critical issue in China, impeding the country’s transition to clean energy and its ability to meet its climate goals. This paper analyzes the impacts of more flexible coal-fired power generation and improved power dispatch towards reducing wind power curtailment. A unit commitment model for power dispatch is used to conduct the analysis, with different scenarios demonstrating the relative impacts of more flexible coal-fired generation and improved power dispatch. Overall, while we find both options are effective in reducing wind power curtailment, we find that improved power dispatch is more effective: (1) the effect of ramping down coal-fired generators to reduce wind power curtailment lessens as the minimum output of coal-fired generation is decreased; and (2) as a result, at higher wind capacity levels, wind curtailment is much more significantly reduced with improved power dispatch than with decreased minimum output of coal-fired generation.

Key policy insights

• China should emphasize both coal power flexibility and dispatch in its policies to minimize renewable power curtailment and promote clean energy transition.

• China should accelerate the process of implementing spot market and marginal cost-based economic dispatch, while making incremental improvements to the existing equal share dispatch in places not ready for spot market.

• A key step in improving of dispatch is incorporating renewable power forecasts into the unit commitment process and updating the daily unit commitment based on the latest forecast result.

• China should expand the coal power flexibility retrofit programme and promote the further development of the ancillary service market to encourage more flexibility from coal-fired generation.

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基于逆推法和德尔菲法的地质灾害气象服务效益评估     

狄靖月  徐辉  许凤雯  杨寅  包红军  张国平 《气象》2019,45(5):705-712

地质灾害气象服务发挥越来越重要的作用,既有可量化的经济效益,也有不可忽视难以量化的、潜在的社会效益和生态效益。根据历年地质灾害调查与分析数据,运用逆推法结合德尔菲法,建立地质灾害气象服务效益评估模型,并根据已有研究及防汛经验对模型的系数进行量化。模型以地质灾害气象预报评分和灾害直接经济损失为输入,以防灾减灾效益值、防灾减灾效益百分率、气象服务直接经济效益、气象服务直接经济效益百分率为输出,可同时对各区域、各时间段的地质灾害过程进行气象服务效益分段评估,也可评估年度地质灾害气象服务效益。该模型在2017年地质灾害气象效益评估中表现良好,有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

智能网格预报产品在大兴安岭暴雪天气中的释用分析     

王付华  李博  王梅  陆忠涛 《黑龙江气象》2019,36(2):1-3

本文利用MICAPS4.1平台上的高空、地面、智能网格预报、集合预报等数值预报产品,对2018年10月26-28日发生在黑龙江省大兴安岭地区的一次区域性暴雪天气过程形成机制进行探讨。结果表明:高空槽后强冷空气与槽前西南暖湿气流在大兴安岭上空交汇,导致暖锋锋生,地面暖锋与低空暖式切变相互作用形成暴雪天气。暴雪的主要触发系统就是超极地冷空气促使高空槽强烈发展切涡,≥20m·s^-1的西南低空急流作为水汽输送带,为暴雪区提供了充足的水汽来源;垂直上升运动中心和散度辐合辐散中心耦合且加强,为暴雪提供了强有力的动力抬升条件,有利于上升运动的增强发展。智能网格预报产品对这次大兴安岭暴雪天气的落区、降水量级以及强降雪的时段,都预报的比较准确。  相似文献