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171.
1 INTRODUCTION Much work has been done addressing the relationship between anomalous climate changes and ENSO in China and the results vary much. For instance, Li et al. (1987) [1] think that the Mei-yu (sustained rain) starts later, lasts shorter and pre… 相似文献
172.
By using the observational O3 data of Kunming and Hong Kong during the period of 1997 – 2001, the paper studies the distribution and variation of total ozone in low latitude region of China. The study shows that the characteristics of variation in Kunm… 相似文献
173.
新兴边缘学科——GPS气象学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
阐述了GPS气象学的基本原理和GPS气象学的广阔应用领域,并介绍了GPS气象学的分类。 相似文献
174.
Seasonal and Diurnal Variation of Surface Ozone and a Preliminary Analysis of Exceedance of its Critical Levels at a Semi-arid Site in India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gur Sumiran Satsangi A. Lakhani P. R. Kulshrestha A. Taneja 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,47(3):271-286
The mixing ratios of surface O3 were measured at St. John's College, Agra, an urban and traffic influenced area for the period of 2000–2002. The monthly
averaged O3 mixing ratios ranged between 8 to 40 ppb with an annual average of 21 ppb. Strong diurnal and seasonal variations in O3 mixing ratios were observed throughout the year except for monsoon season. The mixing ratios of O3 follow the surface temperature cycle and solar radiation (r = 0.72 and r = 0.65 with temperature and solar radiation, respectively). Concentrations were higher with winds associated with NE and
NW direction indicating the impact of pollution sources on surface O3 concentration. Exceedance of ozone critical level was calculated using the AOT 40 index and found to be 840 ppb.h and 2430
ppb.h for summer and winter seasons, respectively. The present O3 exposures are lower than the critical level of O3 and suggest that the present level of O3 does not have any impact on reduction in crop yields. 相似文献
175.
176.
研究了1948-2001年南、北半球及欧亚大陆、非洲大陆、澳洲大陆、北美大陆、南美大陆、南极大陆和中国 7个大尺度区域 6~8月降水的长期趋势变化和年代际变化。结果表明,南、北半球 6~8月的降水都为负趋势,但南半球降水的负趋势在统计上不显著。在54年的时间段内,南半球 6~8月降水的递减速度为 0.12 mm/a,仅为北半球同期降水减幅(0.24 mm/a)的一半。南、北半球 6~8月降水量年代际尺度的振荡都非常明显,但是,南、北半球年代际变化的特征明显不同。目前北半球仍是在少雨时间段,而南半球处在降水量正常或多雨的时间段。分析还表明,非洲大陆 6~ 8月降水的年代际特征最明显,降水的负趋势也最为显著;欧亚大陆 6~8月降水也有着明显的年代际变化与明显的负趋势变化;澳洲大陆 6~8月降水的年际变化明显,年代际变化相对来说要小得多;北美大陆 6~8月降水的年际变化明显,但无明显的趋势变化。此外,分析了大尺度区域 6~ 8月降水之间的相关关系,发现部分区域大尺度降水量之间有明显的联系;分析了中国夏季降水的长期变化,发现中国夏季降水的年代际变化明显,但无明显的趋势变化。 相似文献
177.
Variability in water-exchange time between Tokyo Bay and the Pacific Ocean during winter is investigated based on the results of intensive field observation from November 2000 to March 2001. Water-exchange time between Tokyo Bay and the Pacific Ocean during winter mainly depends on the strength of northerly monsoon, being about 16 days under the weak monsoon and about 12 days under the strong monsoon. Moreover, it becomes longer by about 1 day in spring tide and shorter in neap tide due to the coupling effect of estuarine circulation and vertical mixing. Water-exchange time also varies depending on the open-ocean condition. When the warm water mass approaches from the Pacific Ocean to the mouth of Tokyo Bay through the eastern channel of Sagami Bay, which connects Tokyo Bay and the Pacific Ocean, water-exchange time becomes longer by about 2 days because the warm water mass is blocked in the surface layer at the bay mouth. On the other hand, when the warm water mass approaches to the mouth of Tokyo Bay through the western channel of Sagami Bay, water-exchange time becomes shorter by about 1 day because the warm water mass intrudes into the middle or lower layers of Tokyo Bay. Such different behavior of warm water mass at the mouth of Tokyo Bay is due to the difference in density of approaching warm water masses, that is, the density of the warm water mass through the eastern channel is smaller than that of the warm water mass through the western channel of Sagami Bay.Responsible Editors: Yens Kappenberg 相似文献
178.
Ali Kahriman 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(11):887-892
The aim of this study is to predict peak particle velocity level at a limestone quarry located in Istanbul, Turkey. The ground vibration components were measured for 73 blast events during the bench blast optimization studies during a long period. In blasting operations; ANFO (blasting agent), gelatine dynamite (priming) and NONEL detonators (firing) were used as explosives at this site. Parameters of scaled distance (charge quantity per delay and the distance between the source and the station) were recorded carefully and the ground vibration components were measured by means of vibration monitors for every event. Then, the data pairs of scaled distance and particle velocity were analyzed. The equation of scaled distance extensively used in the literature was taken into consideration for the prediction of peak particle velocity. At the end of statistical evaluations, an empirical relationship with good correlation was established between peak particle velocity and scale distance for this site. The established relationship and the results of the study are presented. 相似文献
179.
The annual and semi-annual variations of the ionosphere are investigated in the present paper by using the daytime F2 layer peak electron concentration (NmF2) observed at a global ionosonde network with 104 stations. The main features are outlined as follows. (1) The annual variations are most pronounced at magnetic latitudes of 40–60° in both hemispheres, and usually manifest as winter anomalies; Below magnetic latitude of 40° as well as in the tropical region they are much weaker and winter anomalies that are not obvious. (2) The semi-annual variations, which are usually peak in March or April in most regions, are generally weak in the near-pole regions and strong in the far-pole regions of both hemispheres. (3) Compared with their annual components, the semi-annual variations in the tropical region are more significant.In order to explain the above results, we particularly analyze the global atomic/molecular ratio of [O/N2] at the F2 layer peak height by the MSIS90 model. The results show that the annual variation of [O/N2] is closely related with that of NmF2 prevailing in mid-latitudes and [O/N2] annual variation usually may lead to the winter anomalies of NmF2 occurring in the near-pole region. Moreover, NmF2 semi-annual variations appearing in the tropical region also have a close relationship with the variation of [O/N2]. On the other hand, the semi-annual variations of NmF2 in the far-pole region cannot be simply explained by that of [O/N2], but the variation of the solar zenith angle may also have a significant contribution. 相似文献
180.
A coherency function model of ground motion at base rock corresponding to strike-slip fault 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
IntroductionEarthquakedamagesurveyandresearchresultshavedemonstratedthatspatialdistributiondifferenceofgroundmotionisoneoftheimportantreasonswhichcausedlongstructure(eglongspanbridge,undergroundpipe)destroy.Thathowtoprovideareasonableinputofgroundmotionfieldforaseismicdesignoflongstructureisaurgentprobleminearthquakeengineeringfield.Atpresent,themethodtostudyspatialvariationofgroundmotionsisadoptingstatisticanalysisbasedondensearrayrecordssuchasSMART-1array,etc,togetcoherencyfunctionofground… 相似文献