防灾减灾系统灾情信息集成技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石丽红  栗斌  张清浦 《地理信息世界》2007,5(1):47-51

全球各类自然灾害的频繁发生,给各国人民的生活和生产带来了严重灾难和重大损失。通过建立防灾减灾系统,有效减少灾害带来的损失,越来越受到各国政府及灾害主管部门的重视。本文结合地理信息系统的地理编码技术、大型关系数据库技术、动态数据交换技术,详细阐述了应用于政府部门的防灾减灾系统中灾情信息的集成方法及具体实现。  相似文献   

热化学硫酸盐还原作用对碳酸盐岩气藏的化学改造——以川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组气藏为例   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

杜春国  郝芳  邹华耀  张俊  朱扬明  王存武 《地质学报》2007,81(1):119-126

目前在川东北地区长兴组—飞仙关组已发现普光、渡口河、铁山坡、罗家寨等多个高含H2S的大、中型气田。通过天然气地球化学特征、流体包裹体盐度和岩心及薄片的镜下详细观察后认为,川东北地区长兴组—飞仙关组的大多数气藏遭受了热化学硫酸盐还原作用(TSR)的化学改造,TSR的改造主要表现在3个方面:1使C2 重烃相对于CH4、12C相对于13C优先被消耗,造成天然气干燥系数变大和碳同位素变重;2由于TSR产生的大量淡水的加入,使气藏的原生地层水被稀释,造成地层水盐度降低;3TSR相关流体(烃类和H2S等)与储层岩石之间的相互作用使储层被溶蚀和硬石膏发生蚀变,造成储层孔隙度增大,从而对改善其物性具有重要意义。  相似文献   

水稻免耕栽培的减灾效应研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

熊传伟  黄国勤 《气象与减灾研究》2007,30(2):33-37

为探索稻田保护性耕作技术——水稻免耕的减灾效应,将免耕与传统稻作方法相结合组成常耕移栽、常耕抛秧、免耕移栽、免耕抛秧4个处理进行试验,并运用生态学原理对试验结果进行了分析研究。结果表明,稻田保护性耕作能提高作物产量,降低部分生育期间水稻病虫害,抑制农田杂草的生长。  相似文献   

Effect of connecting rain barrels on the storage size reduction     

Yongwon Seo  Nam‐Jeong Choi  Daeryong Park 《水文研究》2012,26(23):3538-3551

In this article, the possibility of sharing rain barrels and the potential benefit of reducing storage size through physical and non‐physical connections of rain barrels in a community are investigated. Using the concepts of homogeneous/heterogeneous users in rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS), two simple cases of a community composed of four prospective users are examined. The first is performed with the users who have the same mean and variance in water demands (homogeneous users), and the second is with the users with different means and variances (heterogeneous users). To take account for the rainfall characteristics in different places, historical records from six cities in the USA are used for storage–reliability–yield analysis. The result indicates that required total storage can be reduced by connecting multiple rain barrels. In addition, a significant difference is found between homogeneous and heterogeneous user groups. Homogeneous users do not achieve a substantial benefit from connecting their rain barrels; these users may even be disadvantaged by sharing. In contrast, heterogeneous users receive benefit by reducing the total required storage. Most benefit is expected between users with maximum difference in mean water demands. The reduction in storage size was as considerable as 37% in this study. The quantity of storage reduction depends on locations and target reliabilities. Knowledge of the benefits and limitations of rain barrel connections can improve RWHS performance through ability to customize a network plan for individual users. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Preconditioned IDR(s) iterative solver for non‐symmetric linear system associated with FEM analysis of shallow foundation     

H.H.T. Tran  K.C. Toh  K.K. Phoon 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(17):2972-2986

Non‐associated flow rule is essential when the popular Mohr–Coulomb model is used to model nonlinear behavior of soil. The global tangent stiffness matrix in nonlinear finite element analysis becomes non‐symmetric when this non‐associated flow rule is applied. Efficient solution of this large‐scale non‐symmetric linear system is of practical importance. The standard Krylov solver for a non‐symmetric solver is Bi‐CGSTAB. The Induced Dimension Reduction [IDR(s)] solver was proposed in the scientific computing literature relatively recently. Numerical studies of a drained strip footing problem on homogenous soil layer show that IDR(s = 6) is more efficient than Bi‐CGSTAB when the preconditioner is the incomplete factorization with zero fill‐in of global stiffness matrix K_ep (ILU(0)‐K_ep). Iteration time is reduced by 40% by using IDR(s = 6) with ILU(0)‐K_ep. To further reduce computational cost, the global stiffness matrix K_ep is divided into two parts. The first part is the linear elastic stiffness matrix K_e, which is formed only once at the beginning of solution step. The second part is a low‐rank matrix Δ, which is re‐formed at each Newton–Raphson iteration. Numerical studies show that IDR(s = 6) with this ILU(0)‐K_e preconditioner is more time effective than IDR(s = 6) with ILU(0)‐K_ep when the percentage of yielded Gauss points in the mesh is less than 15%. The total computation time is reduced by 60% when all the recommended optimizing methods are used. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

上海地区深部构造特征和地震活动趋势探讨     

黄兆熊  高德章 《上海国土资源》1989,(4)

本文介绍由重磁资料计算上海地区居里面、莫霍面、均衡重力异常及地幔流应力场的方法和成果,并在对成果初步分析的基础上,探讨了深部地质构造特征及其与地震活动趋势的关系,其中着重讨论了居里面及其与地震活动的关系。文章最后提出了对上海地区地震活动趋势的几点认识。  相似文献   

3-D density model for the lithosphere of Europe: construction method and preliminary results   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. P. Yegorova  V. G. Kozlenko  N. I. Pavlenkova  V. I. Starostenko 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,121(3):873-892

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MULTIVARIATE SELECTION OF VARIABLES IN INDUSTRIAL QUALITY CONTROL:OPTIMIZING AVIATION FUEL FINAL CONTROL     

J.M.ANDRADE  D.PRADA  S.MUNIATEGUI Department of Analytical Chemistry  Universidade da Corun  La Zapateir  E- Corun  Spain  B.GOMEZ  M.PAN Analytical Laboratory  Complejo Industrial Repsol Petróleo S.A.de La Corun  Poligono Bens  Corun  Spain Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. 《地理学报(英文版)》1993,(5)

This paper deals with a typical question encountered in all industrial analytical laboratories:are all thetests performed in the laboratory to characterize the final product really necessary?In this work the cross-validation technique,Procrustes rotation techniques and statistical variable selection have been used toreduce the 26 initial British Petroleum and ASTM kerosene specification tests to ten'essential'ones.Statistical as well as chemical considerations were used to select the optimum subset of original variablesto be retained from all the possible ones.  相似文献   

How does landfill leachate affect the chemical processes in a lake system downgradient from a landfill site?     

Thomas Striebel  Wolfgang Schäfer  Stefan Peiffer 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1991,53(4):346-366

A field study on the geochemical properties of a chemically-stressed limnic environment was performed in Lake Silbersee, which receives leachate water of high inorganic loading from an upgradient landfill site. The highly concentrated sulfate ion in groundwater, when entering the pore water system of the lake, gives rise to an intensive microbial sulfate reduction. A diagenetic approach was used to explain the existence of a marine-like aqueous system within a geologically slightly acidic aquifer, consisting of a well-buffered lake water and an alkalinity producing, excess sulphide containing sediment pore water system.  相似文献   

论工业企业防震减灾   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵广堃 《高原地震》1994,(2)

本文论述了我国工业企业防震减灾现状，提出工业企业防震减灾的目标和指导原则，以及部分工业企业的防震减灾措施和对策。  相似文献