围岩蚀变对内生金属矿床勘查的意义     

荆勇河  田艳丽  张瀚夫  傅金祥 《西部资源》2014,(5):90-92

围岩蚀变对于研究热液矿床元素富集规律、指导找矿都具有极其重要的意义。文章从围岩蚀变是矿质沉淀的重要机制、围岩蚀变是重要的找矿标志、围岩蚀变在地球物理、地球化学找矿信息提取中的响应等方面阐述围岩蚀变对成矿与找矿的贡献。  相似文献   

Monitoring of small and medium embankment dams on permafrost in a changing climate     

Rudolf V. Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(4):0348-0355

Global climate warming which began in the second half of the twentieth century is continuing. It is associated with increased risks for ecological management, especially in permafrost areas comprising over 65% of Russia. Of special concern are dams constructed on permafrost. They are subject not only to climatic impacts, but also to additional hydrothermal loads from water reservoirs. This paper presents the concept of geocryological monitoring of dams and other water resource projects and substantiates its necessity in view of climatic change. It also presents methods, scope and implementation of geocryological monitoring at medium and small dams, considering the specific nature of Far Northern areas, as well as the complicated geotechnical, hydrogeological and permafrost conditions.  相似文献   

张掖市湿地资源调查与保护对策   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周全民  付宗斌  邓茂林  李晓娟  范旭婷 《湿地科学与管理》2014,(4):38-41

在对张掖市湿地资源进行全面调查的基础上,分析了湿地资源的特点以及存在的问题,并提出提高全社会湿地保护意识,加强湿地保护法规体系建设,逐步完善湿地自然保护和监测体系,强化湿地保护管理科技支撑,建立健全各级湿地保护管理机构,坚持保护与开发协调发展等对策。  相似文献   

南黄海北部B03孔沉积物的重矿物特征及物源指示意义     

赵利  赵广涛  何雨旸  徐翠玲  祁奇  龙晓军 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(9):72-81

本文对取自南黄海北部的B03孔岩芯(330cm)沉积物进行了粒度和重矿物特征分析,并运用电子探针技术,分析了其典型层位角闪石的矿物化学特征。研究表明,B03孔柱状样为均一连续的粉砂质沉积,重矿物含量较低(平均仅0.65%),主要为云母类和闪石类矿物,岩芯以85cm处为界分为上、下2个沉积层,其重矿物组合分别为普通角闪石-云母类矿物-绿帘石和云母类矿物-普通角闪石-绿帘石。角闪石的EPMA分析显示其种属主要为镁角闪石,其次为镁钙闪石、铁镁钙闪石及阳起石,成因以中酸性侵入岩与中高级变质岩为主,上下沉积层角闪石特征元素Mg/Fe2+比值分别为2.03、1.90。综合分析认为,岩芯的主要物源为黄河源物质及山东半岛陆架基岩剥蚀产物的混源,上下沉积层的矿物特征差异暗示了沉积物源发生了变化,其分界线可能代表了黄河1855年改道事件在山东半岛东部陆架的区域响应。  相似文献   

Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hu Du  Kelin Wang  Wanxia Peng  Fuping Zeng  Tongqing Song  Hao Zhang  Shiyang Lu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(2):163-179

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.  相似文献   

Sustaining marine life beyond boundaries: Options for an implementing agreement for marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea     

《Marine Policy》2014

For nearly a decade, governments have been discussing the need to improve efforts to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Support for a new international agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) – an Implementing Agreement – on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ has been growing. In June 2012, at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, States agreed to take a decision on the development of an international instrument under UNCLOS before the end of the 69th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), which runs from September 2014 to August 2015. In follow-up to this commitment, it was agreed to consider the “scope, parameters and feasibility” of this instrument. To inform these international discussions, this article highlights some potential options for the content of a new UNCLOS Implementing Agreement. It first reviews the history of UN discussions, and then elaborates on options to address key elements identified as priorities for States in 2011: marine genetic resources, including the sharing of benefits, area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments, capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology. It addresses cross-cutting issues such as the governing principles, institutional structure as well as on other critical points such as High Seas fishing and flag State responsibilities. The article concludes with suggestions on possible next steps in order to succeed in the negotiations for an agreement.  相似文献   

基于PSR 模型的厦门湾中华白海豚资源评价     

肖理  胡文佳  杨圣云  李雯  谢雯瑜  杨璐  陈明茹 《海洋科学》2014,38(1):57-64

中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis Osbeck,1765)为国家Ⅰ级重点野生保护动物,厦门湾作为其在中国的主要分布区之一,自20世纪80年代以来,海岸带开发活动和环境污染程度均不断加大,导致此海域中华白海豚的生存环境不断恶化,种群数量日趋减少,资源状况面临严重威胁。作者采用PSR(压力-状态-响应)模型框架,对厦门湾中华白海豚资源面临的主要环境压力、当前的资源状态以及采取的保护响应措施进行了一个较全面的评价,评价结果认为:围填海工程、船只交通、水下爆破作业和陆源排污等人类活动给厦门湾中华白海豚带来了生境缩小、身体伤害、环境污染和饵料短缺等严重影响,厦门市已采取的保护政策响应包括就地保护、迁地保护和公共管理等方面,目前种群资源数量稳定在80头左右并有潜力扩大。基于评价结果,作者提出了加强保护的建议和策略,可为厦门以外海区的中华白海豚保护工作提供参考。  相似文献   

GIS软件在油气长输管道项目矿（产）权确认中的应用     

徐向阳  郑克江  蔡新文  王立斌 《全球定位系统》2014,(6):97-99

通过在西气东输三线西段（二标段）管道工程项目运用,很好的解决了对矿（产）区、集体用地的矿（产）权确认,为管道经过矿（产）权区确定合理的补偿金额提供科学谈判依据;有效减少了补偿损失;为今后在长输管道穿越矿（产）区、集体用地的补偿提供了测算手段和方法,形成的补偿协议对管道运营单位确定管道权益和维护使用也具有现实意义。  相似文献   

A global satellite view of the seasonal distribution of mineral dust and its correlation with atmospheric circulation     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2014

Aerosols make a considerable contribution to the climate system through their radiative and cloud condensation nuclei effects, which underlines the need for understanding the origin of aerosols and their transport pathways. Seasonal distribution of mineral dust around the globe and its correlation with atmospheric circulation is investigated using satellite data, and meteorological data from ECMWF. The most important sources of dust are located in North Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia with an observed summer maximum, and East Asia with a spring peak. Maximum dust activity over North Africa and the Middle East in summer is attributed to dry convection associated with the summertime low-pressure system, while unstable weather and dry conditions are responsible for the spring peak in dust emission in East Asia. Intercontinental transport of mineral dust by atmospheric circulation has been observed, including trans-Atlantic transport of North African dust, trans-Pacific transport of Asian dust, and transport of dust from the Middle East across the Indian Ocean. The extent of African dust over the Atlantic Ocean and its latitudinal variation with season is related to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, including seasonal changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and variation of wind patterns. North African aerosols extend over longer distances across the North Atlantic in summer because of greater dust emission, an intensified easterly low level jet (LLJ) and strengthening of the Azores-Bermuda anticyclonic circulation. Transport of East Asian aerosol is facilitated by the existence of a LLJ that extends from East Asia to the west coast of North America.  相似文献   

Emergence of co-management governance for Hawai‘i coral reef fisheries     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

Governance failures associated with top-down management have spawned a myriad of institutional arrangements to engage resource users in decision-making through co-management. Although co-management can take many forms and may not always lead to positive outcomes, it has emerged as a promising governance option available to meet social and ecological goals. Recent research on co-management of small-scale fisheries has used comparative approaches to test factors associated with social and ecological success. Less is known however, about how co-management institutional arrangements emerge and persist in the face of socioeconomic and environmental change. Here, we examine the emergence of co-management governance using a case study from coral reef fisheries in the Hawaiian Islands. We used a mixed methods approach, combining a robust policy analysis and a set of key respondent interviews to trace the evolution of this co-management arrangement. Our research uncovers a set of linked drivers and social responses, which together comprise the emergence phase for the evolution of co-management in this case study. Drivers include resource depletion and conflict, and social responses comprise self-organization, consensus building, and collective action. We share insights on key factors that affect these phases of emergence, drawing on empirical findings from our policy review and key respondent interviews. We conclude by describing ways that our findings can directly inform policy and planning in practice, including the importance of documenting the ‘creation story’ that spawned the new institutional arrangement, ensuring that enabling conditions are present, the complexity of defining community, the connection between process legitimacy and outcomes, and understanding the costs and timelines associated with co-management governance transitions.  相似文献