矢量瓦片地图线化简算法研究     

金澄  安晓亚  崔海福  赵宇君  王惠 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(10):1502-1509

线状要素化简对提高矢量瓦片地图服务过程中数据传输效率和可视化表达效果至关重要。常见经典化简算法大多不考虑化简前后曲线空间关系的一致性保持,导致易发生化简结果尖锐化、局部极值点缺失和产生相交等异常问题,如果考虑化简前后空间关系的一致性,则影响化简效率。鉴于此,结合矢量瓦片地图服务应用需求,本文提出一种改进的Visvalingam算法,采用最小堆技术解决了最小权重值查找效率低下问题,利用线自相交拓扑关系判断策略,从全局考虑线上其它点对当前点的影响,解决了线化简前后拓扑关系的一致性保持问题。将改进的算法与原始算法在拓扑关系、几何特征、位置精度和化简效率等方面进行实验对比分析,结果表明改进算法可顾及线状要素的拓扑关系,保证化简前后线状要素的整体形态及其拓扑关系不变,能够更高效地应用于矢量瓦片地图在线服务中。  相似文献   

Exposure to Prorocentrum minimum Induces Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Ridgetail White Prawn,Exopalaemon carinicauda     

MU Cuimin  GE Qianqian  LI Jian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(3):727-734

Prorocentrum minimum is a bloom-forming, planktonic mixotrophic dinoflagellate, and can cause stress in shrimp ponds. In this study, healthy Exopalaemon carinicauda were exposed to 5 × 10^4 cells mL^-1 P. minimum for 72 hours to investigate the adverse effect of P. minimum on shrimps. Elevated superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content, reduced total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) and catalase(CAT) activity, and regulatory glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activity were found in the hemolymph of E. carinicauda after exposure to P. minimum. In this study, P. minimum exposure induced oxidative stress and caused significant oxidative damage to E. carinicauda. P. minimum exposure increased the expression of HSP70 gene in the hemocyte, gills and hepatopancreas. Compared with the enhanced level of caspase-3 gene mR NA in the hemocyte and gills, the up-regulation of caspase-3 gene in the hepatopancreas was only observed from 3 to 6 h, and then the mRNA level of glutathione-S-transferase(GST) gene increased. These results indicated that GST might be involved in the shrimp hepatopancreas’ defense against P. minimum exposure. The present study demonstrates that exposure to P. minimum could induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in E. carinicauda. The SOD activity, HSP70 and GST(in the hepatopancreas) were evoked to protect cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study will provide new insights into the toxic mechanism of P. minimum on shrimps.  相似文献   

20世纪以来美国树木生长响应气候变化敏感度的时空差异     

白孟鑫  郑景云  郝志新  张学珍 《地理研究》2019,38(4):822-830

树木生长响应气候变化的敏感度是全球变化研究的重要内容。利用20世纪以来美国本土1058个样本点的树轮宽度指数和温度、降水数据,通过相关分析,揭示了树木生长速率年际变化响应气候变化敏感度的时空差异。研究发现：① 美国树木径向生长速率与温度普遍负相关、与降水普遍正相关,绝大多数地区树木生长受水分条件限制。② 径向生长速率对温度和降水响应敏感度呈现一定的季节差异,最敏感的季节因地区而异,这主要与不同月份温度、降水条件差异导致的水分条件变化有关。同时,径向生长速率对温度、降水响应敏感度还随着气候条件变化而变化,随着年平均温度升高（降低）,径向生长速率与温度的负相关逐渐增强（减弱）,随着年降水增加（减少）,与降水的正相关强度逐渐减弱（增强）。  相似文献   

基于多源数据的武汉市多中心空间结构识别   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

毛帅永  焦利民  许刚  李泽慧 《地理科学进展》2019,38(11):1675-1683

研究城市不同要素空间集聚水平与层级差异、明确城市各职能中心分布,对城市多中心空间结构的发展引导和规划调控具有重要意义。论文分别采用兴趣点(points of interest, POI)、夜间灯光和路网3种数据,利用局部等值线树算法,识别武汉市多中心空间结构。研究表明：① 武汉不同城市要素的总体集聚水平不均衡,其中在汉阳集聚水平较低,在汉口和武昌集聚水平较高,特别是二环以内区域;② 武汉中央活动区发展比较均衡,内部各城市要素高度集聚,随着向外扩展,部分城市要素易于在局部集聚形成城市中心;③ 结合武汉圈层发展布局,城市中心沿环线的“商-住-工”职能分布模式逐步确立,其中内环以及二环区域已形成稳定的商服中心;二环附近综合组团内部出现了较具代表性的居住中心;三环外的沌口和武钢主导发展工业,是典型的工业中心。  相似文献   

Anthropogenic effect on forest landscape pattern and Cervidae habitats in northeastern China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Wu  Wen  Li  Yuehui  Hu  Yuanman  Chang  Yu  Xiong  Zaiping 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(7):1098-1112

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Species abundance and habitat distribution are two important aspects of species conservation studies and both are affected by similar environmental factors....  相似文献   

利用无人机立体摄影技术获取森林资源信息     

何诚  董志海  王越  李瑾  厉开平  侯森林 《测绘通报》2020,(6):28-31

无人机的航空摄影测量技术让传统森林调查的手段向数字化和智能化方向发展。为了提高森林资源信息采集的精度和效率,减少外业工作时间,降低工作强度,本文对利用无人机立体摄影技术获取森林资源信息的方法及其精度进行了研究。利用旋翼无人机搭载五目相机获取了研究区域的三维立体影像,通过软件在立体影像中提取树高、三维坐标、冠幅及面积;通过全站仪、胸径尺和RTK载波相位差分技术等高精技术获取上述森林资源信息,并以此作为真值检测无人机立体摄影技术,获取森林资源信息的精度。结果表明,无人机立体摄影技术提取25棵样本树木的树高相对误差平均值为0.61%;无人机提取值与人工实测冠幅值线性模型y=0.998 9x+0.068 5,相关系数R²=0.98,说明无人机立体摄影技术获取冠幅精度高;无人机获取三维坐标定位的真误差区间为[-13,17],其中高程坐标的离散区间大于平面坐标离散区间,平面坐标的精度为3 cm左右,而高程坐标的精度为10 cm左右;无人机立体摄影技术获取样本面积值和全站仪测量面积值（拟定为真值）比较接近,相关系数达0.98。由此可得,无人机立体摄影技术可以高精度地获取森林资源信息,可以提高效率,节约成本并降低工作强度,具有较高的实际推广价值。  相似文献   

A record of flooding on the White River,Arkansas derived from tree-ring anatomical variability and vessel width     

Matthew D. Meko 《自然地理学》2020,41(1):83-98

ABSTRACT

Tree rings preserve important records of past flooding. We present the results of an examination of inter-annual tree-ring anatomical variability and vessel width in overcup oak (Quercus lyrata) and river flooding at a bottomland hardwood forest site near the confluence of the White and Mississippi Rivers. We developed two flood chronologies based on (1) visual identification of “flood-ring” anatomical anomalies and (2) a simple method for quantitative measurements of earlywood vessel width (VW). Using visual flood rings, we have developed a response index (RI) chronology of floods from 1780–2013 and, using the VW measurements, we have developed a quantitative reconstruction of spring river levels from 1800–2013. Both the RI and VW chronologies are strongly related to spring river flooding and indicate that major floods such as those in 1805, 1826, 1844, 1852, 1858, occurred in the period prior to the systematic collection of stage data, and that the frequency of extreme events has greatly varied over the past two centuries. These chronologies provide important new information about Lower Mississippi River flooding in past centuries, and our simple method of measuring VW is a potentially useful new approach to the development of tree-ring records of flooding.  相似文献   

Mapping individual trees with airborne laser scanning data in an European lowland forest using a self-calibration algorithm     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Traditional field-based forest inventories tend to be expensive, time-consuming, and cover only a limited area of a forested region. Remote sensing (RS), especially airborne laser scanning (ALS) has opened new possibilities for operational forest inventories, particularly at the single-tree level, and in the prediction of single-tree characteristics. Throughout the world, forests have varying characteristics that necessitate the development of modern, effective, and versatile tools for ALS data processing. To address this need, we aimed to develop a tool for individual tree detection (ITD) utilising a self-calibrating algorithm procedure and to verify its accuracy using the complicated forest structure of near natural forests in the temperate zone.This study was carried out in the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest (BF). The airborne laser scanner (ALS) and color-infrared (CIR) datasets were acquired for more than 60 000 ha. Field-based measurements were performed to provide reference data at the single tree level. We introduced a novel ITD method that is self-calibrated and uses a hierarchical analyses of the canopy height model.There were more than 20 000 000 of trees in first layer in BF above 7 m height. Trees visible from above were divided into coniferous, deciduous and mixed trees that were then matched with an accuracy of 85 %, 85 % and 75 %, respectively. Compared to existing methods, the proposed method is more flexible and achieves better results, especially for deciduous species. Before application of the presented method to other regions, the calibration based on the developed optimisation procedure is needed.  相似文献   

基于车载点云数据的树木提取与分析     

廖晓和 《测绘通报》2020,(11):163-166

本文基于高速公路高精度点云数据,首先通过点云数据的分类处理实现对树木点云数据的提取,将树木点云投影到水平面,采用DBSCAN密度聚类算法实现单根树木的提取;然后在数据密集区域存在树木树冠点云重叠的区域,本文结合树干几何特征提取树干的位置信息,计算所有点云到树干中心的欧氏距离,将所有点云归类到最近的树干进行粗分割;最后根据粗分割的树木轮廓特征确定树冠模型与树冠中心,提出了采用基于密度特征的格网竞争算法对重叠的区域进行精细分割。试验表明,本文采用的树木分割方法能够实现单棵树木精确提取。  相似文献   

利用Sentinel-2A影像的面向对象特征湿地决策树分类方法     

杨朝辉  白俊武  陈志辉  钱新强 《测绘科学技术学报》2019,36(3):262-268

苏州市湿地众多、类型多样化、周围环境复杂,使用传统的遥感分类方法很难得到精度较高的湿地分类结果。研究了面向对象特征的湿地决策树分类方法,以苏州市澄湖地区为研究区域,使用欧空局的Sentinel-2A影像,先将研究区域分为湿地水体、植被和非植被3大类型,再分别构建鱼塘、河流、湖泊、农田和裸地等面向对象特征,据此实现湿地遥感分类。研究结果表明,该方法能够有效利用遥感影像提供的光谱特征、几何特征和纹理特征等多种丰富信息,产生较高的分类精度,总体分类精度可达80.67%,Kappa系数为77.80%。与传统的基于中低分辨率遥感影像的分类方法相比,该方法可以有效提取湿地不同地物对象的几何结构和纹理等特征,在提高湿地分类精度的同时实现对大面积湿地的快速动态监测。  相似文献