Review on InSAR based displacement monitoring of Indian Himalayas: issues,challenges and possible advanced alternatives     

Atanu Bhattacharya  Kriti Mukherjee 《国际地球制图》2017,32(3):298-321

Natural and man-made disasters like earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, unplanned mining are some of the most serious factors responsible for earth surface displacement. These incidences can be harmful for the society due to loss of life and also threatful for future urban development. Therefore, continuous monitoring of disasters in terms of displacements is of fundamental importance in a modern well-organized society to understand its effects on the social and economic fabric. Availability of SAR data has been proved to be an excellent source for estimation of surface displacements with high accuracies. However, in India, SAR interferometry-related displacement measurement has still not gained appreciable momentum. More rigorous research needs to be carried out for the efficient use of this new generation technique. This review article is an attempt to discuss the issues related to SAR-based displacement studies so far conducted on Indian Himalayan region and possible advanced alternatives.  相似文献   

利用小基线集技术(SBAS)监测泉州地区地表形变     

陈志谋  陈金座  罗楚楚  姚俊启  陈进清  崔家武 《测绘工程》2017,26(7)

差分干涉测量(DInSAR)技术可用于监测厘米级甚至毫米级的地表形变。文中选用2007—2011年期间19景日本ALOS1/PALSAR数据,采用短基线集技术(SBAS)获取了该地区的形变时间序列和平均沉降速率。研究结果表明:泉州东南部地区整体上呈抬升态势,上升速率为5mm/a左右,主要是受到亚欧板块和西太平洋板块互相挤压作用的结果;泉州东南部有多处出现地表沉降,沉降的结果与泉州市统计的地区地下水开采数据相当吻合,因此沉降主要与地下水过度开采相关。  相似文献   

冬季大范围持续性极端低温事件与欧亚大陆大型斜脊斜槽系统研究进展   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

布和朝鲁  彭京备  谢作威  纪立人 《大气科学》2018,42(3):656-676

本文总结了近年来关于我国冬季大范围持续性极端低温事件（EPECE）及其对应的欧亚大陆大型斜脊斜槽系统的研究成果。EPECE和普通寒潮是冬季影响我国的两类不同时间尺度大型冷空气活动,对它们的异同点进行梳理和深入理解是非常必要的。最新研究进展可概括为如下:（1）基于极端低温站点的范围和极端低温过程的持续性特点,客观界定了我国冬季EPECE。近年来的研究表明,欧亚大陆大型斜脊斜槽系统是冬季EPECE形成和维持的主要关键环流系统。同时,鉴于大型斜脊斜槽系统的重要应用意义,建立了客观识别方法。（2）从前兆信号、环流演变、阻塞高压和反气旋式波破碎活动的角度,揭示了EPECE和普通寒潮事件之间的关键区别。全国类EPECE的发生具有一周之前的前兆信号,而普通寒潮并不存在这么早的前兆信号。EPECE以从乌拉尔山到东北亚的广阔区域的阻塞高压活动为关键特征,而普通寒潮则主要以区域性阻塞高压为其主要特征。这两类事件对应的阻塞高压活动的差异可由天气尺度波破碎活动的差异加以解释。（3）最新的研究解释了大型斜脊斜槽系统形成和维持的动力学机理。基本流场对位涡扰动的正压作用是大型斜脊斜槽系统的形成和维持最重要的动力学机制。基本流场通过变形场作功和线性平流使大型扰动维持和向下游发展。与阻塞高压不同,非线性作用并非大型斜脊斜槽系统维持的主要原因。  相似文献   

华南前汛期持续性暴雨年代际变化特征及成因   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈思  高建芸  黄丽娜  游立军 《应用气象学报》2017,28(1):86-97

应用福建、广东、广西243个气象站1961-2012年逐日降水资料,构建华南前汛期暴雨强度指数,揭示了前汛期持续性暴雨年代际变化特征及其可能机理。研究表明:前汛期持续性暴雨经历了多发（1961-1972年）-少发（1973-1991年）-多发（1992-2012年）3个阶段,目前仍处于多发期,具有持续时间较长且强度增强的特点;由于前汛期降水的低频振荡受热带低频信号北传的调制,因此,导致这种显著年代际变化的可能成因是热带低频信号北传的周期和强度的年代际差异,当热带低频信号北传至华南时低频周期长（短）且强度强（弱）,则前汛期易出现持续时间长（短）且强度强（弱）的持续性暴雨。  相似文献   

四川省持续性暴雨定义及时空分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王佳津  陈朝平  刘莹  龙柯吉  王春学 《气象科技》2017,45(2):331-341

采用1961—2014年四川省158个气象站的逐日降水量资料,定义了四川省单站和区域持续性暴雨的标准,分析了近54年四川省持续性暴雨的时空分布特征。结果表明,盆地单站持续性暴雨多发生在9月,主要出现在盆地西北部、西南部和东北部,一般持续3天,一次持续性暴雨事件降水量一般可达150~200mm。而攀西地区单站持续性暴雨发生的次数一般为1~3次,6月发生范围最大,最长持续时间为4天,主要发生在攀西地区东部。区域持续性暴雨多发生在7月,降水中心主要分布在盆地西部沿山一带及盆地东北部,这与单站持续性暴雨频次高值区的分布基本一致。区域持续性暴雨在2001年后发生频次较前期频繁,特别是持续3天的持续性暴雨事件发生频率较高,但是强度略有减弱。  相似文献   

Observational support for radiative pumping of SiO masers in evolved stars     

J. -F. Desmurs  V. Bujarrabal  F. Colomer  J. Alcolea 《New Astronomy Reviews》1999,43(8-10)

SiO maser emission in AGB stars is found to be systematically distributed in ring structures, displaying tangential linear polarization. Using the VLBA, we have performed observations of such SiO maser emission at 43 GHz in the circumstellar envelopes of several late-type stars. We simultaneously mapped the v=1 and v=2, J=1–0 transitions. Our new maps show, for most spots, a systematic spatial shift between both maser lines. We discuss the implication of these results on the possible pumping mechanisms, concluding that the existing data favour radiative pumping schemes.  相似文献   

External atmospheric corrections in geodetic very-long-baseline interferometry   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T. R. Emardson  G. Elgered  J. M. Johansson 《Journal of Geodesy》1999,73(7):375-383

Three methods to correct for the atmospheric propagation delay in very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) measurements were investigated. In the analysis, the NASA R&D experiments from January 1993 to June 1995 were used. The methods were compared in correcting for the excess propagation delay due to water vapour, the “wet” delay, at one of the sites, the Onsala Space Observatory on the west coast of Sweden. The three methods were: (1) estimating the wet delay using the VLBI data themselves; (2) inferring the wet delay from water vapour radiometer (WVR) data, and (3) using independent estimates based on data from the global positioning system (GPS). Optimum elevation cutoff angles were 22^∘ and 26^∘ when using WVR and GPS data, respectively. The results were found to be similar in terms of reproducibility of the estimated baseline lengths. The shortest baselines tend to benefit from external measurements, whereas the lack of improvement in the longer baselines may be partly due to the large amount of data thrown away when removing observations at low elevation angles. Over a 2 week period of intensive measurements, the two methods using external data showed an overall improvement, for all baseline lengths, compared to the first method. This indicates that there are long-term systematic errors in the wet delay data estimated using WVR and GPS data. Received: 27 October 1998 / Accepted: 20 May 1999  相似文献   

Renewed uplift at the Yellowstone Caldera measured by leveling surveys and satellite radar interferometry     

Daniel Dzurisin  Charles Wicks Jr.  Wayne Thatcher 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1999,61(6):349-355

 A first-order leveling survey across the northeast part of the Yellowstone caldera in September 1998 showed that the central caldera floor near Le Hardy Rapids rose 24±5 mm relative to the caldera rim at Lake Butte since the previous survey in September 1995. Annual surveys along the same traverse from 1985 to 1995 tracked progressive subsidence near Le Hardy Rapids at an average rate of –19±1 mm/year. Earlier, less frequent surveys measured net uplift in the same area during 1923–1976 (14±1 mm/year) and 1976–1984 (22±1 mm/year). The resumption of uplift following a decade of subsidence was first detected by satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry, which revealed approximately 15 mm of uplift in the vicinity of Le Hardy Rapids from July 1995 to June 1997. Radar interferograms show that the center of subsidence shifted from the Sour Creek resurgent dome in the northeast part of the caldera during August 1992 to June 1993 to the Mallard Lake resurgent dome in the southwest part during June 1993 to August 1995. Uplift began at the Sour Creek dome during August 1995 to September 1996 and spread to the Mallard Lake dome by June 1997. The rapidity of these changes and the spatial pattern of surface deformation suggest that ground movements are caused at least in part by accumulation and migration of fluids in two sill-like bodies at 5–10 km depth, near the interface between Yellowstone's magmatic and deep hydrothermal systems. Received: 30 November 1998 / Accepted: 16 April 1999  相似文献   

Feasibility of borehole ambient noise interferometry for permanent reservoir monitoring          下载免费PDF全文

M. Behm 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(2):563-580

The analysis of seismic ambient noise acquired during temporary or permanent microseismic monitoring campaigns (e.g., improved/enhanced oil recovery monitoring, surveillance of induced seismicity) is potentially well suited for time‐lapse studies based on seismic interferometry. No additional data acquisition required, ambient noise processing can be automatized to a high degree, and seismic interferometry is very sensitive to small medium changes. Thus there is an opportunity for detection and monitoring of velocity variations in a reservoir at negligible additional cost and effort. Data and results are presented from an ambient noise interferometry study applied to two wells in a producing oil field in Romania. Borehole microseismic monitoring on three component geophones was performed for four weeks, concurrent with a water‐flooding phase for improved oil recovery from a reservoir in ca. 1 km depth. Both low‐frequency (2 Hz–50 Hz) P‐ and S‐waves propagating through the vertical borehole arrays were reconstructed from ambient noise by the virtual source method. The obtained interferograms clearly indicate an origin of the ambient seismic energy from above the arrays, thus suggesting surface activities as sources. It is shown that ambient noise from time periods as short as 30 seconds is sufficient to obtain robust interferograms. Sonic log data confirm that the vertical and horizontal components comprise first arrivals of P‐wave and S‐waves, respectively. The consistency and high quality of the interferograms throughout the entire observation period further indicate that the high‐frequency part (up to 100 Hz) represents the scattered wave field. The temporal variation of apparent velocities based on first‐arrival times partly correlates with the water injection rate and occurrence of microseismic events. It is concluded that borehole ambient noise interferometry in production settings is a potentially useful method for permanent reservoir monitoring due to its high sensitivity and robustness.  相似文献   

基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法及其在广角OBS折射波增强中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

宋龙龙  邹志辉  黄忠来 《地球物理学报》2019,62(3):993-1006

广角地震的远偏移距折射初至含有地下深层的信息,提高远偏移距折射波信噪比能够有效提高初至拾取精度,对于深部结构的层析速度建模十分有利.超虚折射干涉法基于干涉原理对远道折射波进行增强,它在炮点和检波点都非常密集的情况下效果较好.然而,在应用于台站间距较大且环境噪声较强的广角海底地震仪(OBS)观测时,该方法对折射波的增强能力不足,而且容易产生虚假波形,造成增强后的折射波信噪比仍然较低.针对这种情况,本文提出基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法,通过叠加相邻虚拟道来提高远道与近道互相关的准确度,以达到稳定增强远道折射波信噪比的目的.理论实验和实际资料测试均显示,基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法在台站间距较大和信噪比较低的情况下能够准确构建虚拟道,且增强后的波形同相轴连续程度和信噪比均较高,有利于拾取高精度的折射初至到时.本文方法也可用于增强陆上炮间距较大的广角地震数据折射波.  相似文献