自动预测通勤高峰期交通流量的方法     

许丽  朱庆  陈崇泰  何小波  彭明军  高山 《地理信息世界》2016,(2):16-20

通勤高峰期的交通拥堵在中国很多城市越来越严重。通勤高峰期城市道路交通流量的准确预测是缓解交通拥堵和建设智能交通的关键基础问题之一。针对现有道路交通流量主要依靠ORIGIN-DESTINATION调查法,成本高、效率低且结果准确性有限等难题,本文提出一种低成本高效率的方法。综合利用全市域范围内的交通、社保、参保、人口等数字城市数据,依据交通工具的服务半径和出行距离,将居民的出行方式归结为步行、公汽、轨道交通和自驾4种类型,利用轨道交通优先原则和最短路径算法分析统计私家车出行数量和轨道交通人流量,并在此基础上预测通勤高峰期内的道路交通流量。以武汉市典型数据为例,证明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。  相似文献   

基于高铁余票数据的客流分析模型研究     

韦胜 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,40(7)

针对高铁余票的时间性和相对性两个特点,提出在特定时间点上利用相邻高铁站点间余票量不受其他高铁站点购票影响的特点,建立了高铁站点的上下净客流量分析模型。重点阐述了模型实现的5个关键技术:余票抓取规则、大数据量处理、异步访问控制、系统容错机制以及数据读取分析。最后,以常州市的几个高铁站为例做具体说明。  相似文献   

Modal Choice in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area: An Exploratory Data Analysis     

Donald W. Buckwalter 《The Professional geographer》2017,69(1):94-106

Journey-to-work mode choice is intertwined with ideological and pragmatic issues. This article reexamines such issues using socioeconomic data from the decennial census and American Community Survey (ACS). It investigates the structure of variables with exploratory data analysis (EDA) because this technique advises the formation of hypotheses and the specification of cause and effect. Traditional EDA reveals the nonnormal structure of raw data, mapping illustrates associations between transit and income, and both methods suggest the presence of a transit-by-choice population among affluent metropolitan residents. The results yield three hypotheses concerning propensity to use transit that have previously received little attention.  相似文献   

Multicriteria assessment of water dynamics reveals subcatchment variability in a seemingly homogeneous tropical cloud forest catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Edison Timbe  Jan Feyen  Luis Timbe  Patricio Crespo  Rolando Célleri  David Windhorst  Hans‐Georg Frede  Lutz Breuer 《水文研究》2017,31(7):1456-1468

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Using isotopes to understand the evolution of water ages in disturbed mixed land-use catchments     

Katya Dimitrova-Petrova  Josie Geris  Mark E. Wilkinson  Allan Lilly  Chris Soulsby 《水文研究》2020,34(4):972-990

Tracer studies have been key to unravelling catchment hydrological processes, yet most insights have been gained in environments with relatively low human impact. We investigated the spatial variability of stream isotopes and water ages to infer dominant flow paths in a ~10-km² nested catchment in a disturbed, predominantly agricultural environment in Scotland. We collected long-term (>5 years) stable isotope data of precipitation, artificial drainage, and four streams with varying soil and land use types in their catchment areas. Using a gamma model, Mean Transit Times (MTTs) were then estimated in order to understand the spatial variability of controls on water ages. Despite contrasting catchment characteristics, we found that MTTs in the streams were generally very similar and short (<1 year). MTTs of water in artificial drains were even shorter, ranging between 1 to 10 months for a typical field drain and <0.5 to 1 month for a country road drain. At the catchment scale, lack of heterogeneity in the response could be explained by the extensive artificial surface and subsurface drainage, “short-circuiting” younger water to the streams during storms. Under such conditions, additional intense disturbance associated with highway construction during the study period had no major effect on the stream isotope dynamics. Supplementary short-term (~14 months) sampling of mobile soil water in dominant soil-land use units also revealed that agricultural practices (ploughing of poorly draining soils and soil compaction due to grazing on freely draining soils) resulted in subtle MTT variations in soil water in the upper profile. Overall, the isotope dynamics and inferred MTTs suggest that the evolution of stream water ages in such a complex human-influenced environment are largely related to near-surface soil processes and the dominant soil management practices. This has direct implications for understanding and managing flood risk and contaminant transport in such environments.  相似文献   

Preliminary evaluation of the runoff processes in a remote montane cloud forest basin using Mixing Model Analysis and Mean Transit Time     

Patricio Crespo  Amelie Bücker  Jan Feyen  Kellie B. Vaché  Hans‐Georg Frede  Lutz Breuer 《水文研究》2012,26(25):3896-3910

In this study, the Mean Transit Time and Mixing Model Analysis methods are combined to unravel the runoff generation process of the San Francisco River basin (73.5 km²) situated on the Amazonian side of the Cordillera Real in the southernmost Andes of Ecuador. The montane basin is covered with cloud forest, sub‐páramo, pasture and ferns. Nested sampling was applied for the collection of streamwater samples and discharge measurements in the main tributaries and outlet of the basin, and for the collection of soil and rock water samples. Weekly to biweekly water grab samples were taken at all stations in the period April 2007–November 2008. Hydrometric data, Mean Transit Time and Mixing Model Analysis allowed preliminary evaluation of the processes controlling the runoff in the San Francisco River basin. Results suggest that flow during dry conditions mainly consists of lateral flow through the C‐horizon and cracks in the top weathered bedrock layer, and that all subcatchments have an important contribution of this deep water to runoff, no matter whether pristine or deforested. During normal to low precipitation intensities, when antecedent soil moisture conditions favour water infiltration, vertical flow paths to deeper soil horizons with subsequent lateral subsurface flow contribute most to streamflow. Under wet conditions in forested catchments, streamflow is controlled by near surface lateral flow through the organic horizon. Exceptionally, saturation excess overland flow occurs. By absence of the litter layer in pasture, streamflow under wet conditions originates from the A horizon, and overland flow. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dynamic responses of a poroelastic half‐space from moving trains caused by vertical track irregularities     

Z. G. Cao  Y. Q. Cai  H. L. Sun  C. J. Xu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(7):761-786

The vibrations of railway tracks on a poroelastic half‐space generated by moving trains are investigated through a vehicle–track–ground coupling model. The theoretical model incorporates a vehicle, a track, and a fully saturated poroelastic half‐space soil medium. The source of vibration excitation is divided into two components: the quasi‐static loads and the dynamic loads. The quasi‐static loads are related to the static component of the axle loads, whereas the dynamic loads are due to the dynamic wheel–rail interaction. A linear Hertizian contact spring is introduced between each wheelset and the rail to consider the dynamic loads. Biot's dynamic theory is used to characterize the poroelastic half‐space soil medium. Using the Fourier transform, the governing equations for the track–ground system are solved and the numerical results are presented for a single axle vehicle model. The different dynamic characteristics of the elastic soil medium and the saturated poroelastic medium are investigated. In addition, the different roles of the moving axle loads and the roughness‐induced dynamic loads are identified. It is concluded that the vibration level of the free field off the track predicted by the poroelastic soil medium is smaller than that predicted by the elastic soil medium for vehicle speed below the Rayleigh wave speed of the poroelastic half‐space, whereas it is larger for vehicle speed above the Rayleigh wave speed. The dynamic loads play an important role in the dynamic responses of the track–ground system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

重庆市轻轨一号线工程埋置深度的工程地质研究     

方玉树  郑颖人 《工程地质学报》1994,2(1):73-81

重庆市轻轨一号线工程布置于具有山城特色的地质环境中,埋置深度的选择是一重要问题。本文在分析工程地质特性的基础上,根据工程特点确定了选择埋置深度的原则,通过工程类比给出了最小安全覆跨比标准,并针对各车站和区间的实际情况提出了具体的埋置深度建议。  相似文献   

A comment on the use of spectral characteristics of teleseismic body waves to evaluate fine crustal structure     

Roopa Gir  S. M. Gir Subhash 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1981,119(6):1180-1189

An investigation of the crustal response in the time and frequency domains is presented to show that for models with similar crustal transit times of P and S waves, any important changes in the internal configuration of the crust such as layering, layer thickness and velocity contrast only influence the amplitudes of the transfer function ratio. Frequency positions of peaks and troughs remain unperturbed unless the total transit time of P and/or S waves through the crust are varied. This would imply that fine crustal structure derived from a matching of peak positions of observed spectral ratios with theoretical transfer function ratios, as is commonly practiced, is not very meaningful. This limitation in the application of the spectral ratio method for detailed crustal structure is demonstrated using two recent applications of this technique.  相似文献   

武汉市轨道交通一号线一期工程测量保障体系的研究与建立     

王新洲  陆家驹  花向红  柳响林 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2002,27(3):265-269

论述了武汉市轨道交通一号线一期工程测量保障体系的组成和建立情况，介绍了测量保障体系的建立过程和所达到的精度，对其他工程测量保障体系的建立具有参考意义。  相似文献