A spatially distributed Clark’s unit hydrograph based hybrid hydrologic model (Distributed-Clark)     

Younghyun Cho  Venkatesh M. Merwade 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(10):1519-1539

ABSTRACT

A hybrid hydrologic model (Distributed-Clark), which is a lumped conceptual and distributed feature model, was developed based on the combined concept of Clark’s unit hydrograph and its spatial decomposition methods, incorporating refined spatially variable flow dynamics to implement hydrological simulation for spatially distributed rainfall–runoff flow. In Distributed-Clark, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number method is utilized to estimate spatially distributed runoff depth and a set of separated unit hydrographs is used for runoff routing to obtain a direct runoff flow hydrograph. Case studies (four watersheds in the central part of the USA) using spatially distributed (Thiessen polygon-based) rainfall data of storm events were used to evaluate the model performance. Results demonstrate relatively good fit to observed streamflow, with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E_NS) of 0.84 and coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.86, as well as a better fit in comparison with outputs of spatially averaged rainfall data simulations for two models including HEC-HMS.  相似文献   

Geospatially based distributed rainfall‐runoff modelling for simulation of internal and outlet responses in a semi‐forested lower Himalayan watershed     

RAAJ Ramsankaran  U. C. Kothyari  S. K. Ghosh  A. Malcherek  K. Murugesan 《水文研究》2012,26(9):1405-1426

This study presents a Geographic Information System (GIS)‐based distributed rainfall‐runoff model for simulating surface flows in small to large watersheds during isolated storm events. The model takes into account the amount of interception storage to be filled using a modified Merriam ( 1960 ) approach before estimating infiltration by the Smith and Parlange ( 1978 ) method. The mechanics of overland and channel flow are modelled by the kinematic wave approximation of the Saint Venant equations which are then numerically solved by the weighted four‐point implicit finite difference method. In this modelling the watershed was discretized into overland planes and channels using the algorithms proposed by Garbrecht and Martz ( 1999 ). The model code was first validated by comparing the model output with an analytical solution for a hypothetical plane. Then the model was tested in a medium‐sized semi‐forested watershed of Pathri Rao located in the Shivalik ranges of the Garhwal Himalayas, India. Initially, a local sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the parameters to which the model outputs like runoff volume, peak flow and time to peak flow are sensitive. Before going for model validation, calibration was performed using the Ordered‐Physics‐based Parameter Adjustment (OPPA) method. The proposed Physically Based Distributed (PBD) model was then evaluated both at the watershed outlet as well as at the internal gauging station, making this study a first of its kind in Indian watersheds. The results of performance evaluation indicate that the model has simulated the runoff hydrographs reasonably well within the watershed as well as at the watershed outlet with the same set of calibrated parameters. The model also simulates, realistically, the temporal variation of the spatial distribution of runoff over the watershed and the same has been illustrated graphically. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An analytical method of stage–fall–discharge rating     

Reuy‐Bean Wu  Jinn‐Chuang Yang 《水文研究》2008,22(16):2959-2973

This paper presents an analytical method for establishing a stage–fall–discharge rating using hydraulic performance graphs (HPG). The rating curves derived from the HPG are used as the basis to establish the functional relation of stage, fall and discharge through regression analysis following the USGS procedure. In doing so, the conventional trial‐and‐error process can be avoided and the associated uncertainties involved may be reduced. For illustration, the proposed analytical method is applied to establish stage–fall–discharge relations for the Keelung River in northern Taiwan to examine its accuracy and applicability in an actual river. Based on the data extracted from the HPG for the Keelung River, one can establish a stage–fall–discharge relation that is more accurate than the one obtained by the conventionally used relation. Furthermore, the discharges obtained from the proposed rating method are verified through backwater analysis for measured high water level events. The results indicate that the analytical stage–fall–discharge rating method is capable of circumventing the shortcomings of those based on single‐station data and, consequently, enhancing the reliability of flood estimation and forecasting. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

一种基于非曼哈顿结构的Over-The-Cell布线算法研究     

许飞  汤银英  虞厥邦 《成都信息工程学院学报》2007,22(1):55-59

提出了一种基于非曼哈顿结构的单元上（Over-The-Cell，OTC）布线算法。算法第一次在单元上布线中采用非曼哈顿布线结构，并根据算法特点提出了线网和边相关系数的概念。实践证明，得益于单元区线网选择时对线网和边相关系数的应用，算法和传统标准单元详细布线算法相比，可以进一步降低通道高度和减少通孔数量。  相似文献   

基于知识图谱的增强型混合式学习的教学实践与思考     

史宇坤  许姝艺  董少春 《高校地质学报》2022,28(3):387-393

随着互联网与信息技术的快速发展,线上线下混合式学习逐渐得到普及与应用。混合式学习强调学生的主体作用,注重学生的自主学习、协作学习和个性化学习,是良好的适合高等教育的创造性学习模式。但是在目前的混合式学习模式下,学生对知识的加工、梳理、整合能力不够,构建完整知识体系的自主学习能力稍显薄弱,因此亟需更多引导。文章综合分析了混合式学习模式的优缺点,建议引入人工智能领域的知识图谱概念,作为新的教学元素以引导和加强学生的自主学习过程,由此构建了基于知识图谱的增强型混合式学习模式。该模式在2020年南京大学《古无脊椎动物学》课程中进行了实践,进一步证明其在改善学生自主学习能力方面的潜力。  相似文献   

Construction of a fluvial facies knowledge graph and its application in sedimentary facies identification     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(2):101521

Lithofacies paleogeography is a data-intensive discipline that involves the interpretation and compilation of sedimentary facies. Traditional sedimentary facies analysis is a labor-intensive task with the added complexity of using unstructured knowledge and unstandardized terminology. Therefore, it is very difficult for beginners or non-geology scholars who lack a systematic knowledge and experience in sedimentary facies analysis. These hurdles could be partly alleviated by having a standardized, structured, and systematic knowledge base coupled with an efficient automatic machine-assisted sedimentary facies identification system. To this end, this study constructed a knowledge system for fluvial facies and carried out knowledge representation. Components include a domain knowledge graph for types of fluvial facies (meandering, braided and other fluvial depositional environments) and their characteristic features (bedforms, grain size distribution, etc.) with visualization, a method for query and retrieval on a graph database platform, a hierarchical knowledge tree-structure, a data-mining clustering algorithm for machine-analysis of publication texts, and an algorithm model for this area of sedimentary facies reasoning. The underlying sedimentary facies identification and knowledge reasoning system is based on expert experience and synthesis of publications. For testing, 17 sets literature publications data that included details of sedimentary facies data (bedforms, grain sizes, etc.) were submitted to the artificial intelligence model, then compared and validated. This testing set of automated reasoning results yielded an interpretation accuracy of about 90% relative to the published interpretations in those papers. Therefore, the model and algorithm provide an efficient and automated reasoning technology, which provides a new approach and route for the rapid and intelligent identification of other types of sedimentary facies from literature data or direct use in the field.  相似文献   

基于Illustrator的专题图制作及应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李婧  周德华 《安徽地质》2006,16(2):140-143

介绍了基于Illustrator的专题图制作过程,及其在专题图制作中所体现的优越性,同时以淮南潘集区生态规划为例,介绍Illustrator在各种规划图当中的应用。  相似文献   

基于边缘图与边缘方向的遥感图像检索     

胡冬芽  任保刚 《测绘科学》2012,37(5):187-189

本文在系统介绍遥感图像检索中边缘特征描述方法的基础上,将边缘特征归纳为边缘图和边缘方向两类特征。通过对遥感目标图像库和纹理图像库上所做实验的分析,揭示了不同算法的特性,并指出综合两类特征可进一步提高算法的检索性能。  相似文献   

平切图大坝地质三维建模及剖切分析     

魏占营 《测绘科学》2012,37(5):78-80

利用剖面图进行地质体建模因其复杂度很高,常常是利用CAD或类似的地质建模软件进行交互式的建模,因此非常耗时。本文以大坝地质平切图(剖面图的一种)为数据源,开发了一种"多段连接"的方法可以自动构建地质体的三维表面模型,以及一种"三次搜索法"用于模型剖切分析,并在实际项目中验证了本文方案的有效性。  相似文献   

流域水文与地貌特征关系研究的回顾与展望   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

芮孝芳  蒋成煜 《水科学进展》2010,21(4):444-449

揭示水文过程与地貌过程相互作用的定量关系是水文学家长期追求的目标,也是新国际水文10年PUB计划的重要内容之一。论述了建立这两者定量关系的统计综合途径和具有物理基础途径的思路方法与主要特点,述评一个多世纪以来,尤其是近30年来国外学者在这方面所作的研究,介绍了作者近年来在这方面所做的工作。  相似文献