Analysis of the hydrological behaviour of an urbanizing basin          下载免费PDF全文

C. Furusho  H. Andrieu  K. Chancibault 《水文研究》2014,28(4):1809-1819

Suburban areas undergo rapid land‐use changes due to urban growth. Consequently, the mitigation of hydrological impacts is a major issue in the field of flood and water pollution management. Nevertheless, suburban catchments have seldom been studied. This paper presents a method for analyzing the hydrological behaviour of suburban catchments; the particular method is tested on the Chézine catchment, located in a suburban area of Nantes (western France). Chézine provides a typical example of a suburban catchment, yet features the unique behaviour of a response time ranging from 1 to 6 h. It is proposed herein to classify rainfall‐runoff events in homogeneous groups according to their flow coefficient. A group of events is characterized by its mean flow coefficient and by its transfer function, which are considered as the signatures of the hydrological behaviour of these similar events. The transfer function is identified from the available series of rainfall and outflow data. The identified transfer functions serve to estimate the localization of contributing zones over the basin by estimating the basin transfer function from flowpaths. The consistency of these assumptions is then verified by comparing the estimated transfer function with the identified one. The application of this method to the Chézine catchment demonstrates that it is possible to distinguish various types of hydrological behaviour regimes associated with significantly different transfer functions. The joint analysis of the flow coefficient and transfer function of each group confirms that the Chézine catchment reacts like an urban basin with just the urban zones contributing to runoff under dry conditions. Otherwise, the wetter the initial state, the greater the tendency of this basin to react like a natural basin, as reflected by the different transfer function shapes. These results confirm the validity of the proposed method to analyse the various behaviour regimes of suburban catchments. In addition, this method helps define the specifications of hydrological models suited to suburban catchments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Potential evapotranspiration changes in Lancang River Basin and Yarlung Zangbo River Basin,southwest China     

Di Ma  Tianyang Wang  Chao Gao  Suli Pan  Zhilin Sun 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(11):1653-1668

ABSTRACT

Understanding potential evapotranspiration (PET) changes under climate change is of great importance for hydrological research. The trends of PET changes and their driving forces were investigated in the Lancang (LRB) and Yarlung Zangbo (YRB) river basins, southwest China, using diagnosis graphs and the Mann-Kendall test. Analysis of variance was applied to examine the contribution of different climatic variables to PET. The results show that: (i) there was a statistically significant increase in PET in the period of 1957–2015 in the LRB, while it showed a markedly decreasing trend in the YRB; (ii) PET in both basins is fairly sensitive to wind speed, relative humidity, solar radiation and maximum air temperature, and the interactions between wind speed and relative humidity are also important; and (iii) the increase in PET in the LRB is due mainly to the increase in maximum air temperature and decrease in relative humidity, while declines in wind speed and solar radiation are the main reasons for the decrease in PET in the YRB.  相似文献   

基于数值模拟的黄河下游不同情景溃堤洪水特性     

马欣  杨佩国  杨勤业  康相武  夏富强 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(1):85-100

The lower Yellow River still faces the threat of flood due to the unusual precipitation caused by global environmental change, river channel sedimentation, hidden danger in the dike and unfavorable river regime of ＂hanging river＂. According to the characteristics of the dike-break flood of the Yellow River, this paper has simulated, in six different scenarios, the dike-break flood routing by inputting the terrain data, typical historical flood data and land use data of study area to two-dimensional unsteady flow model. The results show that： firstly, the routing process of flood will occupy other rivers on the way and return to the rivers after reaching the lower reaches; secondly, in the same river reach, flood inundating area of north band is bigger than that at corresponding location of south bank under the same historical flood; thirdly, it is different in the degree of flood inundation in different regions due to different geographical locations in flood plain; fourthly, the area of mainstream where flood is deep and flow velocity is quick is relatively smaller, but the area of non-mainstream, where flood is shallow and flow velocity is slow, is relatively big; and finally, the possible influenced area of the dike-break flood is 141,948 km^2.  相似文献   

无线传感器网络路由协议研究     

施衡山 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,(Z1)

总结目前已提出的基于地理位置信息的无线传感器网络路由协议存在的问题,着重讨论路由协议中的安全性能,分析GPSR和GEAR存在的能量消耗和安全性能问题,以改进GEAR路由协议。文中将新设计的路由协议的安全性能与GPSR和GEAR进行了比较,结果表明该路由协议不仅可以节省无线传感器节点的能量消耗,而且还可以抵抗一些针对无线传感器网络的特定方式的攻击。  相似文献   

基于源路由的IPv6网络瓶颈带宽定位和估计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丛林  夏若帆  邓北星  李星 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,(Z1)

网络瓶颈带宽是网络性能的重要指标,现有的瓶颈测量工具只能定位和估计端到端路径的瓶颈带宽,无法定位和估计网络各处的瓶颈带宽,不能满足各种网络设计、管理及应用的需求。文中基于IPv6网络的源路由机制,设计能够定位和估计整个IPv6网络瓶颈带宽的算法和测量包序列,提出基于现代最优化原理的动态规划和分支定界算法,实现了测量工具Netneck。部署在1台探测主机的Netneck就可以定位和估计整个IPv6网络的瓶颈,能够满足全网瓶颈测量的需求。通过部署在CNGI-6PlanetLab平台的大量CERNET2 IPv6网络实验,验证了该算法和工具的有效性。  相似文献   

结合AS层次关系的域间路由收敛时间分析     

吴鑫  尹霞  王之梁  唐敏 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,(Z1)

域间路由系统存在慢收敛现象,已有研究表明该现象与不同路由事件及AS之间的商业关系有关。文中结合AS层次关系推导算法及路由事件分类算法对路由事件进行细分,分析比较了各类细分路由事件收敛时间的特征。实验结果表明:将AS商业关系作为路由事件分类标准之一,直接影响了各类路由事件收敛时间的统计特征;并且定量说明了2006年12月26日发生在台湾海域的地震对整个路由系统造成的巨大影响。  相似文献   

北极海缆路由工程地质勘察问题探析          下载免费PDF全文

顾洋  李萍  刘杰  刘焱光  冯秀丽 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(1):10-14

跨北极海缆以其铺设成本低、海缆传输距离短、信息传输速率高等优点成为多个国家优先选择的海缆线路。文章简要介绍了环北极国家和我国的北极海缆建设现状。探讨了海冰对工程地质勘察区域的限制、海冰对工程地质调查取样的影响、海雾对工程地质勘察进度的影响和北极地缘政治对工程地质勘察的制约。提出增强调查船舶破冰性能、加速勘察技术革新、提升海冰气象预报能力和深化国际合作等建议,以提升我国北极区域海上综合勘察能力。  相似文献   

结合SVM与图匹配的车载激光点云道路标线识别     

方莉娜  黄志文  罗海峰  陈崇成 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(7):994-1008

本文提出一种基于SVM与图匹配相结合的车载激光点云道路标线识别方法。该方法基于标线点云分割对象,利用Hu不变矩、实心形状上下文（SSC）、最小外包矩形（MBR）面积和延展度构建形状特征向量,采用SVM进行道路标线粗分类。针对粗分类结果,构建能够精确描述空间语义信息（如局部区域内标线间的排列、方向、距离）的图结构,通过图匹配方法优化粗分类结果,完成直行箭头、人行横道预告标识线、单向转向箭头、双向转向箭头、虚线型标线、斑马线共六类道路标线的精确识别。本文实验采用4份不同场景车载激光点云数据,实验结果中6类标线分类的准确率分别达100%、100%、94.12%、100%、94.94 %、99.25%,召回率分别达100%、100%、88.89%、100%、98.21%、99.00%,F₁-Measure值分别达100%、100%、91.43%、100%、96.59%、99.12%。结果表明,本文方法能实现多类标线对象的精确识别,并对形状相似标线（如直行箭头、虚线型标线与斑马线）的区分具有较强稳健性。  相似文献   

Real-time assimilation of streamflow observations into a hydrological routing model: effects of model structures and updating methods   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Maurizio Mazzoleni  Haksu Lee  Yuqiong Liu  Dong-Jun Seo  Alessandro Amaranto 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(3):386-407

This paper comparatively assesses the performance of five data assimilation techniques for three-parameter Muskingum routing with a spatially lumped or distributed model structure. The assimilation techniques used include direct insertion (DI), nudging scheme (NS), Kalman filter (KF), ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and asynchronous ensemble Kalman filter (AEnKF), which are applied to river reaches in Texas and Louisiana, USA. For both lumped and distributed routing, results from KF, EnKF and AEnKF are sensitive to the error specification. As expected, DI outperformed the other models in the case of lumped modelling, while in distributed routing, KF approaches, particularly AEnKF and EnKF, performed better than DI or nudging, reflecting the benefit of updating distributed states through error covariance modelling in KF approaches. The results of this work would be useful in setting up data assimilation systems that employ increasingly abundant real-time observations using distributed hydrological routing models.  相似文献   

Subgrid modeling of salt marsh hydrodynamics with effects of vegetation and vegetation zonation          下载免费PDF全文

Guoxiang Wu  Huajun Li  Bingchen Liang  Fengyan Shi  James T. Kirby  Ryan Mieras 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(12):1755-1768

Vegetation plays a critical role in modifying inundation and flow patterns in salt marshes. In this study, the effects of vegetation are derived and implemented in a high‐resolution, subgrid model recently developed for simulating salt marsh hydrodynamics. Vegetation‐induced drag forces are taken into account as momentum sink terms. The model is then applied to simulate the flooding and draining processes in a meso‐tidal salt marsh, both with and without vegetation effects. Marsh inundation and flow patterns are significantly changed with the presence of vegetation. A smaller area of inundation occurs when vegetation is considered. Tides propagate both on the platform and through the channels when vegetation is absent, whereas flows concentrate mainly in channels when vegetation is present. Local inundation on vegetated platforms is caused mainly by water flux spilled from nearby channels, with a flow direction perpendicular to the channel edges, whereas inundation on bare platforms has contributions from both local spilled‐over water flux and remote advection from adjacent platforms. The flooding characteristics predicted by the model showed a significant difference between higher marsh and lower marsh, which is consistent with the wetlands classification by the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). The flooding characteristics and spatial distribution of hydroperiod are also highly correlated with the vegetation zonation patterns observed in Google Earth imagery. Regarding the strong interaction between flow, vegetation and geomorphology, the conclusion highlights the importance of including vegetation in the modeling of salt marsh dynamics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献