基于偏振原理的水面反射光的剥离          下载免费PDF全文

周冠华  赵永超  耿修瑞  李小文 《水科学进展》2007,18(5):762-767

水面的镜面反射是影响水环境遥感的关键因素之一。通过分析气-水界面反射光的偏振特性,从多角度偏振遥感的角度,提出一种剥离水面反射光的方法,并通过室内实验进行了验证。将ASD光谱仪与线偏振片结合扩展成高光谱偏振传感器,获取不同观测天顶角时水面反射光的偏振光谱。结果表明,当探测角不满足布儒斯特角时,在偏振片的主消光方向能剥离绝大部分的水面反射光;当入射角越接近布儒斯特角,其剥离效果越佳;以布儒斯特角观测时,可以达到完全剥离的效果。即该方法能显著削弱、甚至完全剥离水面的反射光,直接获取离水辐亮度,对于提高水色遥感的精度有着重要的应用价值。  相似文献   

基于电磁感应仪的表聚型土壤盐渍剖面特征解译研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨劲松  姚荣江 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(5):67-72

针对目前黄河三角洲地区存在的土壤盐渍化问题,以该地区分布最广泛的表聚型盐分剖面类型为研究对象,运用磁感大地电导率仪EM38,建立了磁感式表观电导率和土壤盐分之间的(多元)回归模型,在分析土壤盐分剖面分布特征的基础上提出了指数衰减模型,并运用该模型对盐分剖面进行了参数拟合和验证。结果表明:磁感式表观电导率EMh和EMv呈极显著的线性相关,土壤盐分在垂直方向上的变异主要表现在表层0~25cm的深度范围内。统计分析和Friedman检验结果表明,回归模型和指数衰减模型均具有较好的拟合结果和预测效果,二者的预测精度差异也不显著,表明本文提出的指数衰减模型不仅能降低待估参数的数量、提高土壤盐分剖面磁感式解译的实用性,同时还具有较高的预测精度。该研究结果为利用电磁感应仪快速、精确地进行土壤盐分预测以及盐分剖面解译提供了一定的理论参考和实践依据。  相似文献   

氧化亚铁硫杆菌对黄铁矿的氧化作用初探   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

蒋磊  周怀阳  彭晓彤 《矿物学报》2007,27(1):25-30

利用自行分离培养的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.f菌)为实验菌株,比较了黄铁矿化学氧化和生物氧化过程中溶液铁离子浓度的变化。研究发现,Fe3 对黄铁矿的氧化速率较低,而在细菌的作用下可以不断将Fe2 氧化成Fe3 使得黄铁矿的氧化速率明显加快,因此生物氧化具有更高的效率。经过44 d的氧化之后,利用扫描电镜对氧化后的黄铁矿表面进行了显微观察,发现Fe3 的化学氧化主要集中在化学键较弱的晶棱部位,而在生物氧化的情况下矿物表面充满了密集的溶蚀坑,溶蚀坑的形状与A.f菌的外形非常相近,且规则排列。这说明A.f菌能够吸附到黄铁矿表面,并且这种吸附具有定向排列的特点。  相似文献   

Change of Gas Hydrate Reservoir and Its Effect on the Environment in Xisha Trough since the Last Glacial Maximum     

王淑红  颜文  宋海斌 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2007,18(1):39-48

In this article, Milkov and Sassen’s model is selected to calculate the thickness of the gas hydrate stable zone (GHSZ) and the amount of gas hydrate in the Xisha (西沙) Trough at present and at the last glacial maximum (LGM), respectively, and the effects of the changes in the bottom water temperature and the sea level on these were also discussed. The average thickness of the GHSZ in Xisha Trough is estimated to be 287 m and 299 m based on the relationship between the GHSZ thickness and the water depth established in this study at present and at LGM, respectively. Then, by assuming that the distributed area of gas hydrates is 8 000 km2 and that the gas hydrate saturation is 1.2% of the sediment volume, the amounts of gas hydrate are estimated to be ~2.76×1010 m3 and ~2.87×1010 m3, and the volumes of hydrate-bound gases are ~4.52×1012 m3 and ~4.71×1012 m3 at present and at LGM, re- spectively. The above results show that the thickness of GHSZ decreases with the bottom water tem- perature increase and increases with the sea level increase, wherein the effect of the former is larger than that of the latter, that the average thickness of GHSZ in Xisha Trough had been reduced by ~12 m, and that 1.9×1011 m3 of methane is released from approximately 1.1×109 m3 of gas hydrate since LGM. The released methane should have greatly affected the environment.  相似文献   

一种近区地表地物重力改正的方法     

于德武  卢景奇  李晓昌 《物探化探计算技术》2007,(Z1)

利用重力等值原理,求物体质心的方法,针对高精度重力测量中常见的地表地形、地物的重力异常影响,提出了一种近区地表地物的改正方法。  相似文献   

Pulsatory characteristics of wind velocity in sand flow over typical underlying surfaces     

ZHANG KeCun  QU JianJun  ZU RuiPing & FANG HaiYan Key Laboratory of Desert  Desertification  Cold  Arid Regions Environmental  Engineering Research Institute  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Lanzhou  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(2):247-253

Pulsatory characteristics of wind velocity in sand flow over Gobi and mobile sand surface have been investigated experimentally in the wind tunnel. The primary goal of this paper is to reveal the relation- ship between pulsatory characteristics of instantaneous wind speed in sand flow and the motion state of sand grains. For a given underlying surface, pulsation of wind velocities in sand flow on different heights has a good correlation. As the space distance among different heights increases, fluctuation of instantaneous wind speed presents a decreasing trend and its amplitude is closely related to the mo- tion state of sand grains and their transport. Pulsatory intensity increases with the indicated wind speed, but its relative value does not depend on it, only agrees with height.  相似文献   

Quantitative relationship between pollen and vegetation in northern China   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

XU QingHai  LI YueCong    YANG XiaoLan & ZHENG ZhenHua College of Resource  Environment  Hebei Normal University  Shijiazhuang  China  Institute of Geology  Geophysics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China  Hebei Institute of Geography Science  Shijiazhuang  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(4):582-599

205 surface pollen samples from different communities in Northern China were analyzed to understand the quantitative relationship between pollen and its original vegetation. Pollen analysis and vegetation investigation show that the pollen assemblages differ a lot in different vegetation regions. Arboreal pollen account for more than 30% in temperate broad-deciduous forests region. In temperate steppe regions, herb pollen percentages are more than 90%, where Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae are domi- nant pollen types with Artemisia percentages more than 30%. In temperate desert, Chenopodiaceae pollen percentages are more than Artemisia, where ferns are rare. Cyperaceae pollen percentages are more than 20% in sub-alpine or cold meadows. The relations between pollen percentages and vegeta- tion cover indicate that most arboreal pollen shows a close relationship with parent plant covers, most shrubby pollen types have more or less correlations, but most herbs do not show clear correlations. For arboreal pollen types, Picea pollen shows the closest correlation with spruce trees coverage, then is Quercus and Carpinus. Betula, Larix and Juglans have also high correlation coefficients with their plants coverage, but Betula pollen is of overrepresented pollen type and more than 40% in birch forest, while Larix and Juglans pollen is underrepresented and pollen percentages are more than 10% in Larix or Juglans pure forests. Pinus is of overrepresented pollen type, and pollen percentages have some relations with plants cover. Pine forest might present when Pinus pollen percentages are more than 30%. The relations between Ulmus and Populus pollen percentages and vegetation cover are not close, where they are mixed with other arbors, they cannot be recorded easily, but if their pollen percentages are more than 1%, Ulmus or Populus trees should exist. For shrubby pollen types, the correlation be- tween Vitex pollen percentages and vegetation cover is the highest, then is Corylus, Tamariaceae and Nitraria, and their pollen percentages are less than 1% where original plant are absent. Caragana and Spiraea pollen percentages have some relations with vegetation cover. The relations between pollen percentages and vegetation cover are not clear for Rosaceae and Saxifragaceae. For herb pollen types, Cyperaceae pollen has the closest correlation with vegetation cover, where pollen percentages are more than 20% when Cyperaceae are constructive or dominant species in vegetation, and pollen per- centages are less than 5% where Cyperaceae are not constructive or dominant species (cover less than 30%). Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae pollen percentages mainly have close relations with ecological regions. The relations between pollen percentages and cover are not clear for Gramineae, Legumi- nosae and Compositae.  相似文献   

The history of Jonsmod 1981–2006     

Phil Dyke 《Ocean Dynamics》2007,57(4-5):239-244

This is a history of shallow sea modelling developments as viewed through the Jonsmod modelling conferences over the past 25 years. The conferences are reviewed, and what emerges is a coherent progression to present-day modelling. We also see advances in computing and oceanographic observation, although these are, of course, incidental to the modelling from the point of view of these conferences.  相似文献   

Wavefield continuation datuming using a near surface model     

Cui Xingfu Li Hongbing Hu Ying Liang Hong Qi Li 《应用地球物理》2007,4(2):94-100

When topography and low velocity zone differences vary greatly, conventional vertical static time shifts will cause wavefield distortion and influence wave equation seismic imaging for seismic data acquired on a complex near surface. In this paper, we propose an approach to datum correction that combines a joint tomography inversion with wavefield continuation to solve the static problem for seismic data on rugged acquisition topography. First, the near surface model is obtained by refracted wave tomography inversion. Second, the wavefield of sources and receivers are continued downward and upward to accomplish datum correction starting from a flat surface and locating the datum above topography. Based on the reciprocal theorem, Huygens＇ and Fresnel principles, the location of sources and receivers, and regarding the recorded data on the surface as a secondary emission, the sources and receivers are upward-continued to the datum above topography respectively. Thus, the datum correction using joint tomography inversion and wavefield continuation with the condition of a complex near surface is accomplished.  相似文献   

土石混合料剪切面分形特征试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

董云  柴贺军 《岩土力学》2007,28(5):1015-1020

土石混合料因具有良好的工程特性而被广泛应用于道路、堤坝等工程，填筑体受力后往往沿薄弱面发生剪切破￡混合料的抗剪强度成为稳定和变形分析的重要力学指标。由于土石混合料物质组成的复杂性、结构分布的不规律性及采柠困难性，且受检测仪器的限制，确定其强度指标较为困难。应用改进的直剪试验仪进行了不同类别、不同最大粒径土石福料的室内大型直剪试验，在获得强度指标同时，再现剪切面的实际情况，量测剪切面的起伏特征。根据分形几何学原理，切面具有良好的分形特征，应用三角形棱柱表面积覆盖法编程计算了剪切面的分形维数。初步建立了剪切面分形维数与福料杭萌强度之间的关系，用来快速预测土石混合料的强度指标。  相似文献