测绘企业内部信息管理的内容及重要性     

吴玉忱 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(12):195-197

当前测绘市场竞争日益激烈,测绘企业为获取竞争优势,占领更多的市场份额,必须加强建设核心竞争力,企业内部信息管理是建设核心竞争力的内容之一。对信息进行有效地收集、筛选、分析、整理和储存、高效的管理和应用,是测绘企业现代化的必备条件。它既能满足日常生产需要,也能为企业管理和经营提供必要的统计信息,对其未来发展更具有深远的意义。  相似文献   

使用自然语言处理和分层匹配方法的地理信息服务语义发现     

祝若鑫  卢建伟  李风光  崔晓杰  喻博韡 《测绘科学技术学报》2015,(5):525-529

设计了一种基于自然语言处理和分层匹配的地理信息服务语义发现框架,实现用户输入关键词与地理信息服务的语义匹配。框架基于Word Net知识库,利用消歧技术确定所提取词汇的含义;根据所提取的信息来源以及相关关系将地理信息服务上下文划分为6个信息层匹配,并使用遗传算法确定各信息层在匹配过程中具有的权重。最后将所提出的发现方法与常用的发现方法做实验验证,结果表明该方法可以提高地理信息服务语义发现的查准率。  相似文献   

Combining geographic information systems and ethnography to better understand and plan ocean space use     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Agencies in the US with oversight for marine renewable energy development idealistically have sought space where this new use might proceed unhindered by other uses. Despite experiential evidence of spatial overlap among existing ocean uses, a lack of documentation made the identification of potential space-use conflicts, communication between existing and potential ocean users, and the design of mitigation exceedingly challenging.We conducted a study along the US Atlantic and Pacific coasts to gather and document available spatial information on existing use through a compilation and organization of geographic information system (GIS) data. Stakeholder group meetings were used to vet the collected spatial data, and ethnographic interviews were conducted to gather knowledge and cultural perspectives. Results show extensive coverage and overlap of existing ocean space uses and provide a visualization of the social and cultural landscape of the ocean that managers can use to determine which stakeholders to engage.Marine resource managers are encouraged to recognize that marine space use is dynamic and multi-dimensional and as such research thereof requires a balance between the efficiency of GIS and the stories captured and told by ethnographic research. There are important linkages within and across fisheries and other uses, communities and interests, and across the land–sea interface. Therefore, it is important to use techniques demonstrated in this research that (1) integrate ethnographic and geospatial data collection and analysis; (2) engage stakeholders throughout the process; and (3) recognize the unique qualities of each geographic location and user group to support sound decision-making.  相似文献   

Monitoring land changes in an urban area using satellite imagery,GIS and landscape metrics     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Monitoring land changes is an important activity in landscape planning and resource management. In this study, we analyze urban land changes in Atlanta metropolitan area through the combined use of satellite imagery, geographic information systems (GIS), and landscape metrics. The study site is a fast-growing large metropolis in the United States, which contains a mosaic of complex landscape types. Our method consisted of two major components: remote sensing-based land classification and GIS-based land change analysis. Specifically, we adopted a stratified image classification strategy combined with a GIS-based spatial reclassification procedure to map land classes from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes acquired in two different years. Then, we analyzed the spatial variation and expansion of urban land changes across the entire metropolitan area through post classification change detection and a variety of GIS-based operations. We further examined the size, pattern, and nature of land changes using landscape metrics to examine the size, pattern, and nature of land changes. This study has demonstrated the usefulness of integrating remote sensing with GIS and landscape metrics in land change analysis that allows the characterization of spatial patterns and helps reveal the underlying processes of urban land changes. Our results indicate a transition of urbanization patterns in the study site with a limited outward expansion despite the dominant suburbanization process.  相似文献   

City of the Spectacle: White Night Melbourne and the politics of public space     

David Mercer  Prashanti Mayfield 《The Australian geographer》2015,46(4):507-534

Public policy frequently is utilised as a medium to facilitate or restrict access to public space, and to privilege economic priorities. In this context urban arts festivals are used as a means to generate dominant narratives of place and use of public space. Urban arts festivals generate spaces of spectacle and wonder, and are often used as marketing strategies to revitalise urban economies and differentiate cities one from another on the global stage, engendering a commodification of place. The present paper explores this tension through an examination of the role of urban arts festivals in spatial politics. White Night Melbourne is the first Australian iteration of the Nuit Blanche International, an international network of all-night arts festivals. It is used as a case study to explore the impact of an urban arts festival on the spatial politics of Melbourne. A theoretical basis is established using the frame of Guy Debord's ([1967] 1994) The Society of the Spectacle, as well as the concepts of ‘assemblage’ and ‘expressivity’.  相似文献   

Linking pesticides and human health: A geographic information system (GIS) and Landsat remote sensing method to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Accurate pesticide exposure estimation is integral to epidemiologic studies elucidating the role of pesticides in human health. Humans can be exposed to pesticides via residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (drift). We present an improved geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing method, the Landsat method, to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure through matching pesticide applications to crops classified from temporally concurrent Landsat satellite remote sensing images in California. The image classification method utilizes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in a combined maximum likelihood classification and per-field (using segments) approach. Pesticide exposure is estimated according to pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting 500 m buffers around geocoded locations (e.g., residences) in a GIS. Study results demonstrate that the Landsat method can improve GIS-based pesticide exposure estimation by matching more pesticide applications to crops (especially temporary crops) classified using temporally concurrent Landsat images compared to the standard method that relies on infrequently updated land use survey (LUS) crop data. The Landsat method can be used in epidemiologic studies to reconstruct past individual-level exposure to specific pesticides according to where individuals are located.  相似文献   

中国能源生态效率的空间格局与空间效应   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

关伟  许淑婷 《地理学报》2015,70(6)

能源生态效率兼顾能源利用中的生态效益与经济效益,是对能源—环境—经济3E系统效率的度量。基于考虑非期望产出的SBM模型对中国1997-2012年省际能源生态效率进行测度,从空间格局规模、格局强度与格局纹理三个方面分析能源生态效率的空间分布特征和演变规律,运用空间计量模型验证中国省际能源生态效率的空间溢出效应及其影响因素。研究表明:1中国能源生态效率整体偏低,低效率省份约占40%,广东、海南、福建位于能源生态效率值的最前沿,宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆为主要的低能效地区。全国能源生态效率总体上呈U型演变格局,局部地区主要有增长型、波动型、突变型和平稳型等4种演变类型;2中国能源生态效率在省际尺度上表现出显著的全局与局部空间集聚特征,高高集聚区主要分布在东部沿海和南部沿海地区,低低集聚区主要分布在西北地区和黄河中游地区。空间格局的变化主要发生在高低集聚区与低高集聚区,其中又以京津冀地区的集聚类型演变最为显著;3中国能源生态效率存在着明显的空间效应,某一地区的能源生态效率对相邻地区的空间溢出程度均强于相邻地区的误差冲击对该地区的影响程度;在影响能源生态效率空间效应的诸多因素中,产业结构的影响最大。  相似文献   

基于地貌单元的小区域地质灾害易发性分区方法研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

唐川  马国超 《地理科学》2015,(1)

以汶川县城周边区域为研究区,分别以栅格单元与地貌单元作为单位评价单元,以信息量法与逻辑回归法两种评价模型对研究区进行地质灾害易发性评价分区。根据对评价结果的比较分析,在小区域范围内,基于地貌单元的区域易发性分区不仅仅能够更好地体现出区域内局部综合特性,而且评价分区结果与地质灾害实际分布情况更加吻合,分级层次更加明显,数学模型的适用效率很好。由此可见,在小范围区域内,基于地貌单元的地质灾害易发性评价分区具有良好的适用性与可塑性,在大比例尺地质灾害易发性和危险性制图中是一个有益的尝试与启发。  相似文献   

基于地理视角的智慧城市规划与建设的理论思考   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

甄峰  席广亮  秦萧 《地理科学进展》2015,34(4):402-409

智慧城市建设是推动城镇化发展的重要动力,其建设除了技术支撑之外,还应充分考虑信息技术对城市政府、企业和居民活动及其空间的影响。本文在对国内智慧城市建设现状与问题分析思考的基础上,认为智慧城市的出现是适应当前城市化战略转型、公共服务提升、社区发展和城市问题解决的必然趋势,从多源异构数据整合、信息系统和空间分析平台两个方面梳理智慧城市建设的关键技术,从流动空间以及新的人地关系、时空协调发展等方面提出智慧城市的理论支撑,并进一步明确地理学应对和研究重点。同时,提出基于城市地理研究的智慧城市规划与建设实践的主要方向,包括顶层设计、功能和空间布局、基础设施整合、城乡治理等内容。  相似文献   

基于智慧交通的可达性与交通出行碳排放——理论与实证   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

曹小曙  杨文越  黄晓燕 《地理科学进展》2015,34(4):418-429

信息与通信技术的发展推动了智慧交通建设,并将进一步提高城市交通可达性和影响居民出行。在全球应对气候变化、减少碳排放的共识背景下,由于"智慧交通—可达性—出行行为(碳排放)"间复杂的影响作用机制,已有的研究难以判断智慧化背景下的城市交通可达性提高将增加抑或减少出行碳排放。如何通过提高城市交通可达性来缓解交通拥堵,保障城市交通运输系统的有效运行,并提高居民出行效率,减少出行碳排放是当前中国智慧交通发展面临的关键问题之一。针对以上科学问题,本文尝试提出基于智慧交通的可达性与交通出行碳排放的理论框架,并以广州为研究案例地,研究了社区居民通勤碳排放特征及其影响机理,社区出行低碳指数格局及其影响因素的空间异质性,以及基于碳排放—位置分配模型的公共中心规划支持系统设计与应用,可为今后的相关研究提供借鉴。  相似文献