同构迁移学习理论和算法研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李茂莹  杨柳  胡清华 《南京气象学院学报》2019,11(3):269-277

迁移学习的目的是解决目标领域中训练样本不足的学习问题,可以把一些在其他相关的源领域中获得的知识,迁移到目标领域中.它放宽了传统机器学习中的两个基本假设：用于学习的训练样本与新的测试样本满足独立同分布的条件;必须有足够可利用的训练样本才能学习得到一个较好的分类模型.按照源领域和目标领域的特征空间是否相同可划分为同构迁移学习和异构迁移学习.本文主要针对同构迁移学习的相关研究进展进行了综述,从理论、算法、应用方面介绍了在该领域所做的研究工作,并指出了同构迁移学习未来可能的研究方向.  相似文献   

Climate-governance entrepreneurship,higher-order learning,and sustainable consumption: the case of the state of Oregon,United States     

Halina Szejnwald Brown  Maurie J. Cohen 《Climate Policy》2019,19(6):739-755

The ongoing devolution of climate policy-making to sub-national levels has prompted growing interest in policy entrepreneurship by individuals who are politically and technically creative and institutionally resourceful. This paper investigates the case of the materials-management programme in the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality which has emerged as a national and international leader by focusing on the role of household consumption in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Two noteworthy innovations involve the development of a consumption-based GHG emissions inventory and introduction of policies aimed at facilitating construction of small homes (so-called Accessory Dwelling Units, ADU). The case traces over several decades the higher order learning processes within the group and their entrepreneurship toward affecting broader changes in emission accounting and climate policies in Oregon. The paper identifies the enabling factors for these innovations, and considers: how to create the conditions for learning, experimentation, and policy entrepreneurship; how to reproduce these conditions in different locales; and how to recognize and foster innovations that arise outside the established mainstream ‘climate community’. It also stresses the benefits of breaking down the barriers between science-based analysis and policy. The two questions frequently raised in the climate policy debate – how to bring researchers and practitioners together to develop efficacious policies; and how to replicate successful programmes and policies across different communities, jurisdictions, and locations – should be re-examined. It may be more appropriate to ask instead: How to create conditions for learning, experimentation, and policy entrepreneurship; and how to reproduce these conditions in different locales.

Key policy insights

• Using a consumption-based greenhouse gas emission inventory instead of a sector-based inventory radically changes climate policy priorities, shifting the emphasis from technological fixes to curbing household consumption.

• Policy innovations thrive in teams that combine technical and scientific competencies with: a commitment to addressing societal problems; interest in inquiry, experimentation, and learning; entrepreneurship; and strategic and political savvy.

• These qualities require breaking down artificial barriers between science and policy.

• Transformative policy ideas can originate within institutional nodes that operate outside of an established community of expertise and authority; and these should be identified and fostered.

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基于深度学习的FY3D/MERSI和EOS/MODIS云检测模型研究     

瞿建华  鄢俊洁  薛娟  郭雪星 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(3):87-93

针对FY3D/MERSI和EOS/MODIS的云检测问题,提出了一种基于深度学习技术的全自动云检测算法,首次将深度学习引入到卫星影像云检测领域。本算法使用深度全卷积神经网络(Deep Convolutional Neural Networks)作为核心结构,基于EOS/MODIS基本云检测原理选择合适的通道作为特性向量参数,针对不同的场景进行分类和网络模型的训练,最终得到基于深度学习的云检测模型。经过EOS/MODIS数据和FY3D/MERSI数据的测试,云检测的精度达到98%以上,可以看出基于深度学习的云检测算法能够用于云检测,该算法具有效率高、精度高等特点,云检测效果理想。  相似文献   

深度学习在地质学上的应用     

李苍柏  范建福  宋相龙 《江苏地质》2018,42(1):115-121

自Hinton等使用基于卷积神经网络的深度学习模型赢得Image Net分类比赛以来,深度学习的研究席卷了各个行业。通过介绍深度学习的历史,探索国内地质行业中深度学习模型的使用情况,并介绍深度学习的基础概念(如神经元、神经网络、监督学习和无监督学习等)以及深度学习基础模型中的2个重要网络:深度信念网络(DBN)和卷积神经网络(CNN)。在此基础上,类比深度学习在医学等相关领域的应用,提出了深度学习在地质上的几点应用:利用深度学习在计算机视觉上表现出的强大能力,可以对遥感图像进行聚类、对岩石样品图像进行分类、对岩石薄片数据进行描述;利用深度学习对原始数据表现出的强大识别能力,处理地质异常数据,从而确定成矿靶区的可能位置;利用深度学习的特点,对地震前的声信号数据进行处理,从而判断出地震发生前的剩余时间。  相似文献   

基于深度学习的岩体遥感智能解译模型研究——以苇河镇、亚布力镇、绥阳镇地区为例     

李雨柯  赵院冬  陈伟涛  李显巨  韩科胤  曹会  温秋园  王群 《地质与资源》2022,31(6):790-797

在东北地区选取试验区,对比多种分类模型,提出一种基于多源多模态数据和多流CNN的岩体分类模型. 其中包括两个子模型:一是基于大尺度邻域和深度卷积神经网络的岩体提取模型;二是基于波段组合和多模态数据的多流CNN融合模型. 研究结果表明,预测结果图整体区域预测分布正确,总体精度评价指标达到84.4%,具有智能化程度高、客观性强的特点,能够为地质工作者提供辅助决策依据. 此外,还采用迁移学习策略对样本数量进行扩容,解决了CNN模型小样本问题.  相似文献   

Uncertainty pattern in landslide susceptibility prediction modelling: Effects of different landslide boundaries and spatial shape expressions     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101317

In some studies on landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM), landslide boundary and spatial shape characteristics have been expressed in the form of points or circles in the landslide inventory instead of the accurate polygon form. Different expressions of landslide boundaries and spatial shapes may lead to substantial differences in the distribution of predicted landslide susceptibility indexes (LSIs); moreover, the presence of irregular landslide boundaries and spatial shapes introduces uncertainties into the LSM. To address this issue by accurately drawing polygonal boundaries based on LSM, the uncertainty patterns of LSM modelling under two different landslide boundaries and spatial shapes, such as landslide points and circles, are compared. Within the research area of Ruijin City in China, a total of 370 landslides with accurate boundary information are obtained, and 10 environmental factors, such as slope and lithology, are selected. Then, correlation analyses between the landslide boundary shapes and selected environmental factors are performed via the frequency ratio (FR) method. Next, a support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) based on landslide points, circles and accurate landslide polygons are constructed as point-, circle- and polygon-based SVM and RF models, respectively, to address LSM. Finally, the prediction capabilities of the above models are compared by computing their statistical accuracy using receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the uncertainties of the predicted LSIs under the above models are discussed. The results show that using polygonal surfaces with a higher reliability and accuracy to express the landslide boundary and spatial shape can provide a markedly improved LSM accuracy, compared to those based on the points and circles. Moreover, a higher degree of uncertainty of LSM modelling is present in the expression of points because there are too few grid units acting as model input variables. Additionally, the expression of the landslide boundary as circles introduces errors in measurement and is not as accurate as the polygonal boundary in most LSM modelling cases. In addition, the results under different conditions show that the polygon-based models have a higher LSM accuracy, with lower mean values and larger standard deviations compared with the point- and circle-based models. Finally, the overall LSM accuracy of the RF is superior to that of the SVM, and similar patterns of landslide boundary and spatial shape affecting the LSM modelling are reflected in the SVM and RF models.  相似文献   

基于小样本卷积神经网络的主动源P 波初至拾取方法     

于智瀚  王涛  孙鹏远  王文闯  郭振波 《高校地质学报》2022,28(3):414-423

地震走时成像结果的准确性取决于初至到时的拾取精度,人工挑选初至效率低、成本高。前人研究表明深度学习可以应用于初至的自动拾取,然而传统的深度学习方法往往需要大量人工挑选的初至作为神经网络的训练集。文章利用U型卷积神经网络拾取单炮多道P波初至,研究表明P波初至拾取的均方根误差会随着训练集数量的增加而减少。训练集分别采用35炮和597炮数据时,对应的均方根误差分别为11.4和6.5 ms。参考半监督学习中数据增强方法,选取适合主动源数据的增强方法（随机剪裁、随机擦除等）用于拓展训练集。结果显示,以人工拾取总数据量的5%（35炮）作为小样本并进行随机擦除数据增强后,实现了均方根误差在5.5 ms（约3个采样点）以内,比未经增强的误差减少51%。与前人的深度学习方法相比,本文应用的数据增强方法可以在小样本的情况下实现主动源地震初至的高精度拾取。  相似文献   

应用遥感和GIS技术提取城市建成区及驱动力分析——以南京市为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李天华  马玲  杨武年  张萍  邵怀勇  夏涛 《测绘科学》2007,32(4):124-125,118

本文以南京市为例,应用2001年11月16日Landsat7 ETM+和2005年中巴资源卫星遥感影像(校正后的4、3、2波段假彩色合成影像),采用遥感和GIS相结合的技术,对南京市建成区进行动态监测,并结合相关资料分析南京市建成区扩张特点以及驱动力。结果表明,南京市建成区主要是向西南和东北方向扩展,扩张特点为近郊城市化、郊区近郊化、农村城镇化。这种变化主要是受区位因素、社会经济和政策等因素影响。  相似文献   

基于YOLOv5算法的飞机类型光学遥感识别     

龙怡灿  雷蓉  董杨  李东子  赵琛琛 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(3):572-582

飞机类型检测是遥感影像分析领域的研究热点,在机场监控和情报分析等应用中起着重要的作用。其中,深度学习方法作为遥感影像分析领域广泛应用的手段之一,在飞机类型检测任务中仍面临许多问题,如使用未公开的自制数据集、实验复现困难、无法验证泛化能力等。同时,光学遥感影像易受光照条件、云雨变化等因素影响,使检测任务更加困难。为了解决这些问题,本文首先利用MTARSI数据集对样本进行筛选,再结合Google Earth等开源方法收集飞机影像,采用随机旋转、改变亮度等方法构建新的飞机类型检测数据集。其次,采用YOLOv5作为基础网络框架,针对其多层卷积和池化操作可能会削弱或完全丢失飞机特征的问题,进行多尺度优化训练,有效检测飞机类型特征。最后,利用跨数据集验证模型的泛化能力。实验结果表明,本文方法能准确、有效地检测出光学遥感影像中的飞机的具体类型,具有较强的鲁棒性和泛化能力,跨数据集进行飞机类型检测正确率达到82.12%,可为智能化的飞机目标语义分析、星上应用等研究提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

增强型遥感影像SRGAN算法及其在三维重建精度提升中的应用     

闵杰  张永生  于英  吕可枫  王自全  张磊 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(8):1631-1644

遥感影像是地形测绘、三维重建等任务的主要数据源之一,分辨率影响着被测目标在影像上的表示能力,对后期三维模型的定位精度及重建效果起着重要作用。针对遥感影像像幅较大且目标特征表现复杂、细节丰富的特点,结合实景三维模型重建的需求,提出了一种增强型遥感影像SRGAN算法。克服了传统方法进行超分重建时易出现边缘效应、产生模糊重建的情况,改进了简单卷积网络仅能提取影像中较为浅层的特征信息,无法在提高分辨率的同时保留影像丰富细节的局限。本文所提算法在生成模型中使用密集剩余残差块进行深层特征提取,在判别模型中引入多尺度判别思想,从而保证遥感影像重建时特征纹理、细节信息、高频目标的完整与精确。实验构建不同时间、不同类型区域的遥感影像数据集,在此基础上将本文算法与Bicubic、SRGAN、ESRGAN算法进行对比分析,在超分重建中PSNR较对比算法提升约3个单位,渗透指数PI更趋向且稳定于1,SSIM与清晰度指标Q同样得到较好改善;在三维重建中影像密集匹配点数量得到提升,同时误差减少,模型精细程度和定位精度得到提高。结果表明,本文算法适用于遥感影像超分辨率重建问题,并在实景三维模型重建中对精度的提升表现较好。  相似文献