Diagnoses of vertical transport in a three-dimensional finite element model of the tidal circulation around an island     

Laurent White  Eric Deleersnijder   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):655

A three-dimensional finite element model is used to investigate the formation of shallow-water eddies in the wake of Rattray Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia). Field measurements and visual observations show that stable eddies develop in the lee of the island at rising and falling tides. The water turbidity downstream of the island suggests the existence of strong upwelling that would be responsible for carrying bed sediments up to the sea surface. We first propose to look at the upwelling velocity and then use the theory of the age to diagnose vertical transport. The water age is defined as the time elapsed since particles of water left the sea bottom, where the age is prescribed to be zero. Two versions of this diagnosis are considered. Although the model predicts upwelling within the eddies, it is not sufficiently intense to account for vertical transport throughout the water column during the life span of the eddies. As mesh resolution increases, this upwelling does not intensify. However, strong upwelling is then resolved off the island's tips, which is confirmed by the results obtained with the age. This study also shows that the finite element method, together with unstructured meshes, performs well for representing three-dimensional flow past an island.  相似文献   

Gillnet mesh selectivity of the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus): implications for fisheries management     

McAuley  R. B.; Simpfendorfer  C. A.; Wright  I. W. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(9):1702-1709

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Elephants move faster in small fragments of low productivity in Amboseli ecosystems: Kenya     

Tawanda W. Gara  Tiejun Wang  Andrew K. Skidmore  Shadrack M. Ngene  Timothy Dube  Mbulisi Sibanda 《国际地球制图》2017,32(11):1243-1253

Understanding factors affecting the behaviour and movement patterns of the African elephant is important for wildlife conservation, especially in increasingly human-dominated savanna landscapes. Currently, knowledge on how landscape fragmentation and vegetation productivity affect elephant speed of movement remains poorly understood. In this study, we tested whether landscape fragmentation and vegetation productivity explains elephant speed of movement in the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. We used GPS collar data from five elephants to quantify elephant speed of movement for three seasons (wet, dry and transitional). We then used multiple regression to model the relationship between speed of movement and landscape fragmentation, as well as vegetation productivity for each season. Results of this study demonstrate that landscape fragmentation and vegetation productivity predicted elephant speed of movement poorly (R² < 0.4) when used as solitary covariates. However, a combination of the covariates significantly (p < 0.05) explained variance in elephant speed of movement with improved R² values of 0.69, 0.45, 0.47 for wet, transition and dry seasons, respectively.  相似文献   

A tile-based method for geodesic buffer generation in a virtual globe     

Quanhua Dong 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(2):302-323

Geometric buffers are important for spatial analysis in many applications of geographic information systems (GISs), such as environmental measurement and management, human health, urban planning, etc. Geometric buffer generation algorithms are well studied in the Euclidean space where the buffer distance is measured by Euclidean metrics; however, very few algorithms are available for generating geometric buffers on the terrain surface in a virtual globe where the buffer distance is measured by geodesic metrics. This paper proposes a tile-based method for geodesic buffer generation according to the characteristics of a virtual globe. It extends the vector tile model (VTM) to organize terrain and vector data, and the XYH algorithm is improved to build geodesic distance fields for terrain meshes. Based on the data organization and the improved XYH algorithm, a geodesic buffer is generated via three main steps: selecting and assembling tiles, updating geodesic distance fields and tracing the boundaries of buffer zones. This method is implemented with multi-scale terrain and vector data, and the experimental results show that it is valid and exact and can be applied in practical applications.  相似文献   

二十面体网格和经纬网格全球模式在中国区域模拟效果对比     

刘维  刘宇迪  赵世梅 《南京气象学院学报》2016,8(2):146-151

为了评估二十面体网格全球模式MPAS和经纬网格全球模式WRF在中国区域的模拟效果,对比了两模式对2010年10月23—28日中国区域的涡度场、降水场、高度场和温度场的模拟效果,结果表明:在30和60 km准均匀模拟下,MPAS和WRF模式对中国区域500 hPa高度处涡度场的模拟效果都比较好,但都难以模拟出局地的涡度极值中心,两模式模拟效果相当;从第3天的日累积降水的模拟结果来看,两模式基本都能模拟出降水分布情况,MPAS模式模拟结果整体要优于WRF,WRF对降水中心的模拟要优于MPAS;MPAS对高层高度场和温度场的模拟较好,WRF对中、低层的模拟较好,且WRF的预报时效性比MPAS长;网格分辨率的提高对MPAS模式模拟效果的改善不大,而WRF模式的模拟效果得到了提高.  相似文献   

A continuum mechanics‐based framework for boundary and finite element mesh optimization in two dimensions for application in excavation analysis     

Attila M. Zski  John H. Curran 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(4):369-393

The determination of the optimum excavation sequences in mining and civil engineering using numerical stress analysis procedures requires repeated solution of large models. Often such models contain much more complexity and geometric detail than required to arrive at an accurate stress analysis solution, especially considering our limited knowledge of rock mass properties. This paper develops an automated framework for estimating the effects of excavations at a region of interest, and optimizing the geometry used for stress analysis. It eliminates or simplifies the excavations in a model while maintaining the accuracy of analysis results. The framework can equally be applied to two‐dimensional boundary and finite element models. The framework will have the largest impact for non‐linear finite element analysis. It can significantly reduce computational times for such analysis by simplifying models. Error estimators are used in the framework to assess accuracy. The advantages of applying the framework are demonstrated on an excavation‐sequencing scenario. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Simulation of localization failure with strain‐gradient‐enhanced damage mechanics     

Weiyuan Zhou  Jidong Zhao  Yuangao Liu  Qiang Yang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2002,26(8):793-813

Strain gradient implies an important characteristic in localized damage deformation, which can be observed in the softening state of brittle materials, and strain gradients constitute the basic behaviours of localization failure area of the materials. The most important point in strain gradient is its damaging function including an internal length scale, which can be used to express the scale effects of mechanical responses of brittle rock mass. By extending the strain gradient theory and introducing an intrinsic material length scale into the constitutive law, the authors develop an isotropic damage model as well as a micro‐crack‐based anisotropic damage model for rock‐like materials in this paper. The proposed models were used to simulate the damage localization under uniaxial tension and plain strain compression, respectively. The simulated results well illustrated the potential of these models in dealing with the well‐known mesh‐sensitivity problem in FEM. In the computation, elements with C₁ continuity have been implemented to incorporate the proposed models for failure localization. When regular rectangle elements are encountered, the coupling between finite difference method (FDM) and conventional finite element method (FEM) is used to avoid large modification to the existing FEM code, and to obtain relatively higher efficiency and reasonably good accuracy. Application of the anisotropic model to the 3D‐non‐linear FEM analysis of Ertan arch dam has been conducted and the results of its numerical simulation coincide well with those from the failure behaviours obtained by Ertan geophysical model test. In this paper, new applications of gradient theories and models for a feasible approach to simulate localized damage in brittle materials are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

WENO格式与虚拟单元浸入边界法在笛卡尔网格中的应用     

李自启  朱君 《南京气象学院学报》2013,5(1):86-90

高精度有限差分WENO格式在结构网格上处理具有复杂几何外形绕流问题时较困难,而虚拟单元浸入边界法却是一种较新颖且对网格的要求较低的方法,适用于复杂几何外形边界的处理.为此,在笛卡尔网格上采用WENO格式以求解Euler守恒律方程,试图将两者有效结合起来,希望能在笛卡尔网格上处理具有复杂几何外形的物体绕流问题.最后,几个经典数值算例的结果验证了该方法的有效性.  相似文献   

CINRAD/SA雷达对Parsivel激光粒子谱仪的干扰及处理技术     

李爱华  周述学  陈魁  纪雷  洪杰 《气象科技》2013,41(4):626-629

针对黄山光明顶的Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪在实际观测中出现的问题,给出了可行的解决方法.仪器自动连续观测以来每天09:00-16:00采样数据均出现异常谱,经排查发现这个时段恰好是CINRAD/SA雷达观测时段,所以考虑异常数据由雷达电磁辐射或周围电磁场的影响造成,并简要探索了其影响原因.根据金属可以屏蔽电磁波的性质,在确保钢丝网完全屏蔽雷达的电磁辐射下,考虑尽量不影响仪器周围的流场结构且易于固定等因素,经过多次试验,最终选定在雷达方向靠近雨滴谱仪器约3 m处安放钢丝网,完全屏蔽了雷达观测时对仪器的辐射,保障了观测资料的可靠性.  相似文献   

渤海典型温带风暴潮数值模拟及改进实验     

傅赐福  董剑希  吴少华  刘秋兴 《海洋预报》2011,28(5):1-8

分析了2010年渤海两次典型温带风暴潮过程及规律,发现沿岸的最大增水基本由北沿渤海西岸向南传播且各站出现最大增水时间有较稳定的滞后,利用一套基于非结构网格的高分辨率风暴潮模式(ADCirc)和NMEFC温带风暴潮模式(CES)分别对“20101212”强温带风暴潮过程进行数值模拟,对比分析其结果的优劣后提出基于测站风场...  相似文献