考虑尺寸效应的近海桥梁天然橡胶隔震支座力学性能老化时变规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

李艳敏  马玉宏  赵桂峰 《世界地震工程》2020,(4):169-177

目前天然橡胶支座（NRB）的性能研究大多未考虑尺寸效应,在前期开展的近海桥梁隔震支座和材料老化时变规律研究的基础上,同时考虑支座直径尺寸变化和老化作用时间的影响对NRB的性能进行研究。首先采用ABAQUS有限元软件对不同直径尺寸NRB的性能进行分析,得到了NRB性能随直径尺寸的变化规律;然后结合前期老化作用对NRB及其橡胶材料性能时变规律的影响研究成果,分析了直径尺寸及老化作用时间共同作用下,NRB性能的变化规律,并通过ABAQUS有限元分析,验证了该变化规律的准确性。结果表明:NRB的水平刚度和竖向刚度均随其直径尺寸的增大呈正比例增大趋势;NRB水平刚度比和竖向刚度比均随老化作用时间的增长呈线性增大趋势;且直径为150mm的NRB在实际环境老化60a后,其水平刚度和竖向刚度的增长幅度分别为:30.8%和16.41%,由此可见老化作用时间对NRB水平刚度的影响较显著,对其竖向刚度的影响较小。研究内容可为隔震桥梁结构中支座缩尺模型试验的相关设计提供参考,并为将实验室缩尺橡胶隔震支座的相关成果较好地应用于实际工程计算及设计中提供依据。  相似文献   

一种实时场地校正方法及其在地震预警中的应用     

王辅臣  马强  陶冬旺  刘赫奕 《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(1):171-184

地震预警系统对地震数据处理的实时性要求极高。其系统数据来源除布设在基岩的测震台站外,还有大量非基岩场地的强震动台站和地震烈度仪台站,其场地影响不容忽视。为了考虑震级估算和地震动场预测中的场地影响,需实时对各种场地条件下的地震波形进行校正。目前处理一般使用某个标量来表征场地放大效应。本文采用一种实时的场地校正方法,首先计算目标场地与参考场地的谱比,然后通过最小二乘法、双线性变换将谱比转化为因果递归的无限冲激响应(IIR)时域滤波器,之后可以应用该滤波器进行实时场地校正。该方法考虑了场地放大系数的频率依赖性,相比于标量校正提高了准确度。应用我国四川和日本部分强震动台站记录,验证并讨论了这种实时场地校正方法在地震预警中的应用效果。  相似文献   

基于弹性拉索的超高墩三塔斜拉桥减震效果研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐向东  盖永斌  杜镔  唐志  钟荣炼 《世界地震工程》2020,(2):138-145

为探究超高墩三塔斜拉桥在弹性拉索装置下的减震效果,首先利用SAP2000建立了考虑支座非线性和拉索几何非线性的三维有限元模型;其次基于弹性拉索装置,研究了弹性拉索刚度对三塔斜拉桥地震响应的影响;最后基于数值分析结果并结合某三塔斜拉桥实际工程提出3种减震方案。研究表明:在两边塔塔梁结合处设置弹性拉索可显著减小桥梁在地震作用下的内力和位移响应;提出的方案1(两边塔单根弹性索均为50股,单股刚度均为12000kN/m)、方案2(两边塔单根弹性索均为100股,单股刚度均为10000kN/m)和方案3(15#主塔单根弹性拉索100股,单股刚度10000kN/m;17#主塔单根弹性拉索100股,单股刚度为16000kN/m)相较于无弹性索状态,均可有效降低主塔塔底弯矩、塔底剪力、塔顶位移及主梁纵向位移;相较于方案1,方案2和方案3是更优方案。  相似文献   

湖泊蒸发观测与计算方法研究进展     

崔逸凡  刘元波 《湖泊科学》2023,35(5):1501-1515

湖泊蒸发是连接湖泊水分循环与能量平衡的关键纽带之一,认识湖泊蒸发过程对于理解湖-气间相互作用机制十分重要。然而,由于湖泊的形态结构、地理位置和气候背景不同,各湖泊在不同时间尺度上的蒸发特征不同。湖泊蒸发存在复杂的物理驱动过程、时间尺度相关的反馈以及空间异质性。准确地捕捉并量化湖泊蒸发过程,仍是湖沼学、水文学和气象学等学科的重要研究内容。本文首先介绍了湖泊蒸发的主要观测手段,然后概述了湖泊蒸发在日内、季节、年际、年代际四种不同时间尺度的变化特征;梳理了不同时间尺度各要素对湖泊蒸发的影响,以及湖泊蒸发与湖泊面积和深度等形态结构特性及纬度和海拔等地理因素之间的关系;对自涡度相关技术等高精度仪器应用以来的湖泊蒸发研究进展做出了总结。  相似文献   

Poynting and polarization vectors based wavefield decomposition and their application on elastic reverse time migration in 2D transversely isotropic media     

Yongming Lu  Qiancheng Liu  Jianfeng Zhang  Kai Yang  Hui Sun 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(5):1296-1311

With the progress in computational power and seismic acquisition, elastic reverse time migration is becoming increasingly feasible and helpful in characterizing the physical properties of subsurface structures. To achieve high-resolution seismic imaging using elastic reverse time migration, it is necessary to separate the compressional (P-wave) and shear (S-wave) waves for both isotropic and anisotropic media. In elastic isotropic media, the conventional method for wave-mode separation is to use the divergence and curl operators. However, in anisotropic media, the polarization direction of P waves is not exactly parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Also, the polarization direction of S-waves is not totally perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. For this reason, the conventional divergence and curl operators show poor performance in anisotropic media. Moreover, conventional methods only perform well in the space domain of regular grids, and they are not suitable for elastic numerical simulation algorithms based on non-regular grids. Besides, these methods distort the original wavefield by taking spatial derivatives. In this case, a new anisotropic wave-mode separation scheme is developed using Poynting vectors. This scheme can be performed in the angle domain by constructing the relationship between group and polarization angles of different wave modes. Also, it is performed pointwise, independent of adjacent space points, suitable for parallel computing. Moreover, there is no need to correct the changes in phase and amplitude caused by the derivative operators. By using this scheme, the anisotropic elastic reverse time migration is more efficiently performed on the unstructured mesh. The effectiveness of our scheme is verified by several numerical examples.  相似文献   

Non-point source pollution estimation in the Pingqiao River Basin,China, using a spatial hydrograph-separation approach     

Han Xue  Kaoru Takara  Bin He  Guangwei Huang  Weili Duan 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(8):962-973

For efficient and targeted management, this study demonstrates a recently developed non-point source (NPS) pollution model for a year-long estimation in the Pingqiao River Basin (22.3 km²) in China. This simple but physically reasonable model estimates NPS export in terms of land use by reflecting spatial hydrological features and source runoff measurements under different land-use types. The NPS export was separately analysed by a distributed hydrological model, a spatial hydrograph-separation technique, and an empirical water quality sub-model. Simulation results suggest that 57 890 kg of total nitrogen (TN) and 1148 kg of total phosphorus (TP) were delivered. The results, validated with observed stream concentrations, show relative errors of 23.3% for TN and 47.4% for TP. Countermeasures for urban areas (5.3% of total area) were prioritized because of the high contribution rate to TN (14.1%) and TP (26.2%) which is caused by the high degree of runoff (8.5%) and pollution source.  相似文献   

2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震地磁垂直分量日变化低点时间空间分布特征     

戴勇  高立新  姚丽  朱培育  格根  王磊 《地震》2019,39(3):106-114

2013年6月16日, 中国大陆西部出现地磁低点位移。 异常出现后一个月内, 位于低点位移分界线附近发生7月22日岷县、 漳县交界6.6级地震。 本文通过采用实测低点时间减去理论低点时间的方法剔除低点时间经度效应, 并以剔除经度效应后低点时间为0 h的等值线作为低点位移分界线, 2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震震中处于6月16日地磁低点位移分界线上。 对异常期间的中国大陆地区地磁垂直分量日变形态进行统计, 发现其存在显著的分区特征, 低点时间为正的区域内日变化形态基本呈现W型, 低点时间为负的区域内日变化形态主要呈现V字型特征。 低点位移异常日期间, 中国大陆存在显著的高梯度带, 本文采用梯度值定量描述低点时间空间变化程度。 在6月13日正常日期间, 中国大陆地区未出现梯度值大于1.5 h/(°)的区域, 在6月16日异常日期间, 出现梯度值大于1.5 h/(°)的区域, 2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震位于高梯度区边缘。  相似文献   

VARIATION OF THE TRAVEL TIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TELESEISMIC PS CONVERTED WAVE AND PP TRANSMITTED WAVE IN FOCAL REGION BEFORE AND AFTER WENCHUAN M_S8.0 EARTHQUAKE          下载免费PDF全文

SONG Chun-yan  SHAO Xue-zhong  MA Jin 《地震地质》2019,41(3):726-742

When P waves from distant earthquakes meet a velocity discontinuity in the earth's crust and upper mantle, they give rise to a series of converted PS waves besides PP refracted waves. It is possible to monitor the variation of the physical properties of the medium in the limited formation space above the transition zone of the seismogenic zone by measuring the time difference between the teleseismic PS converted wave and the first arrival P wave, that is, time-variation Δt_PS=t_PS-t_P. The advantage of this method is that the transition point of the teleseismic source with similar source is relatively stable at the transition interface, and the accuracy of the measured relative time is high, and the change of the medium in a small range of the seismogenic zone above the conversion interface can be monitored. This paper studies the variation of the travel time difference Δt_PS in focal region before and after Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake. We select 2001 to 2012 as the research period, use teleseismic waveforms which occurred in the southern region of Sumatra and Hindu Kush area recorded by Sichuan station YZP and JJS. These teleseisms satisfy 5.0 ≤ M ≤ 6.5, and their waveform signal-to-noise ratio is high with clear initial P-wave motion. The epicentral distance of teleseisms is less than 3 degrees. Then we obtain the variation of the travel time difference Δt_PS between teleseismic PS converted wave and PP transmitted wave recorded during the study period in the two stations. The results show that there is a slow increasing trend of Δt_PS before 2006, and an obvious low value process of Δt_PS appeared in the period about 2 years before the Wenchuan earthquake. The maximum decline was about 0.2~0.3s, more than 4~5 times the measurement error. The low value has a certain degree of return about 2~3 months before the earthquake. The change of arrival time difference indicates that the medium is in different states in different periods of seismogenic process. The sharp decrease in Δt_PS from 2006 to January 2008 may be due to the strong disturbance caused by the stress accumulation of the medium. At this stage, the velocity of P wave and S wave increases with the increase of stress, and the increase of S wave velocity will result in the decrease of Δt_PS. The change of Δt_PS is greatly affected by S wave velocity, so Δt_PS appears to decrease rapidly. Regarding the low value that has a certain degree of return about 2~3 months before the Wenchuan earthquake, the possible reason is that the release of stress is much higher than the accumulation of stress in meta-instability stage. At this stage, the velocity of S wave decreases and the decrease of S wave causes Δt_PS to increase. Then, the Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred. It is shown that the teleseismic converted wave method in this paper can monitor the variation of medium's wave velocity before large earthquakes, and it has a good prospect in seismic monitoring and worth further experimental study.  相似文献   

钢筋-沥青隔震层非线性震动特性研究          下载免费PDF全文

尚守平  刘水 《世界地震工程》2019,35(1):001-8

为了研究钢筋-沥青隔震层的材料与几何非线性震动特性,对钢筋-沥青隔震结构进行了振动台试验,分析了结构在不同加速度幅值输入时的隔震性能。同时,在钢材的应力-应变关系基础上,考虑构件竖向力的二次矩效应,提出了钢筋-沥青隔震层骨架曲线的计算方法,并结合双线型恢复力模型的滞回规则,建立了相应的恢复力模型。利用建立的恢复力模型,编制程序进行了弹塑性时程分析,并与试验结果作对比。结果表明:当钢筋-沥青隔震层的受力钢筋进入弹塑性阶段时,隔震层能够吸收大部分地震能量,显著降低上部结构的地震反应;弹塑性时程分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,由此建立的恢复力模型准确并且适用,可为钢筋-沥青隔震层的工程设计与非线性地震反应分析提供参考。  相似文献   

随钻斯通利波测井反演地层渗透率的理论、方法及应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

庄春喜  李杨虎  孔凡童  陈鸣  张聪慧  苏远大  唐晓明 《地球物理学报》2019,62(11):4482-4492

针对孔隙渗透地层的随钻声波测井问题,用Biot-Rosenbaum孔隙弹性波测井理论推导了孔隙地层的随钻井孔声场表达式.据此考察了随钻条件下井中斯通利波的波形、相速度频散、衰减以及相速度对渗透率的灵敏度,并与电缆测井中的情况进行了对比.数值模拟结果表明,随钻条件下斯通利波对地层渗透率的灵敏度相对于电缆测井有明显增加,更有利于用来反演地层渗透率.为快捷有效地处理现场测井数据和反演计算,采用简化Biot-Rosenbaum理论和钻铤的等效模型,对随钻斯通利波的频移和时滞进行联合反演.结果表明,随钻斯通利波反演的渗透率与核磁渗透率和岩心覆压测试渗透率符合较好,并且与常规测井曲线所反映的储层性质具有较好的一致性,证明了利用随钻斯通利波评价地层渗透率的有效性.  相似文献