共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
波场延拓得到的多分量波场中既包含纵波信息也包含横波信息,能否在全波场中实现纵横波的分离对各向同性和各向异性逆时偏移都有非常重要的意义.传统的散度旋度分离只适应于各向同性介质而对各向异性介质却无效.在非规则、非结构网格的弹性波数值模拟方法的基础上,发展了一种适应于各向异性介质的波场分离方法.该方法通过求解Christoffel方程,得到相角和极化角的关系,再利用群角和相角的关系,直接得到群角和极化角的关系.该方法与现存的各向异性波场分离相比,获得的计算效率改进更显著,而且存储量小.用简单各向异性模型和SEG各向异性Hess模型进行测试,都得到了较好的效果,证明了本文方法的有效性. 相似文献
2.
IntroductionItiswellknownthatanisotropylieswidelyintheundergroundmedia.Anisotropicmediawhicharemetintheseismicengineeringandseismicexplorationofenergyaremainlycausedbytheperiodicthinlayers(PTL)andextensivedilatancyanisotropy(EDA).Insuchmedia,anisotropyleadstomorecomplicatepropagationofseismicwave,thesignificantfeatureinanisotropicmediaisvelocityanisotropy.Infact,undergroundstrataareverycomplicated,whichareusuallycomposedofsolidframeandfluid(suchasoil,gasesorwater)inpores.Inordertostudyseism… 相似文献
3.
在各向异性地震波场中,qP波与qS波常常是耦合在一起的.多分量地震数据处理中一个关键环节就是波型分离(即模式解耦),以纵波成分为主的常规单分量地震数据的成像则需要合理描述标量qP波的传播算子.本文作者曾构建了在运动学上同弹性波动方程等价,动力学上突出标量qP波的伪纯模式波动方程.为了彻底消除qS波残余,本文根据波矢量与qP波偏振矢量之间的偏差,提出从伪纯模式波场提取纯模式标量qP波的方法.数值分析展示了投影偏差算子在波数域和空间域的特征.基于不同复杂程度理论模型的试验结果表明,联合"伪纯模式传播算子"与"投影偏差校正"可为各向异性介质分离模式波场传播过程提供一种简便的描述工具. 相似文献
4.
提出一种新的三维空间不规则网格有限差分方法,模拟具有地形构造的非均匀各向异性介质中弹性波传播过程. 该方法通过具有二阶时间精度和四阶空间精度的不规则交错网格差分算子来近似一阶弹性波动方程,与多重网格不同,无需在精细网格和粗糙网格间进行插值,所有网格点上的计算在同一次空间迭代中完成. 针对具有复杂物性参数和复杂几何特征的地层结构,使用精细不规则网格处理粗糙界面、断层和空间界面等复杂几何构造, 理论分析和数值算例表明,该方法不但节省了大量计算机内存和计算时间,而且具有令人满意的稳定性和精度. 相似文献
5.
Alexander Droujinine 《Geophysical Prospecting》2005,53(1):37-63
Walkaway vertical seismic profile (VSP) data acquired in basalt‐covered areas can be used to improve knowledge of the sub‐basalt structure. A synthetic example and a case study from the North Atlantic (UK) show that elastic two‐way downward‐continuation migration combined with the stationary‐phase principle is well suited to the processing of VSP data. Vector data are processed using decoupled elastic migration algorithms in both isotropic and anisotropic media. To illustrate the value of decoupled imaging equations, conventional PP imaging is carried out on the enhanced VSP data and compared with the decoupled scheme. Decoupled vector migration operates directly on the displacement vector, and uses various wave modes. Downgoing waves are migrated to image basalt lava flows and measure their anisotropy. Upgoing waves are used for high‐resolution sub‐basalt imaging. 相似文献
6.
各向异性介质纯P波方程完全不受横波的干扰,在一定程度上可以减缓由于介质各向异性引起的数值不稳定,本文推导了具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性(VTI)介质纯P波一阶速度-应力方程.由于纯P波方程存在一个分数形式的伪微分算子,无法直接采用有限差分法求解.针对该问题,本文采用伪谱法和高阶有限差分法联合求解波动方程,重点分析了混合法求解纯P波一阶速度-应力方程的稳定性问题,并给出了混合法求解纯P波方程的稳定性条件.数值模拟结果表明纯P波方程伪谱法和高阶有限差分混合法能够进行复杂介质的正演模拟,在强变速度、变密度的地球介质中仍然具有较好的稳定性. 相似文献
7.
地球介质相对于地震波波长尺度的定向非均匀性会导致波速的各向异性,进而影响地震波场的运动学与动力学特征．各向异性弹性波动方程是描述该类介质波场传播的基本工具,在正演模拟、偏移成像与参数反演中起着关键作用．为了面向实际应用构建灵活、简便的各向异性波场传播算子,人们一直在寻求简化的各向异性波动方程．本文借鉴各向异性弹性波波型分离思想,通过对平面波形式的弹性波方程(即Christoffel方程)实施一种代表向波矢量方向投影的相似变换,推导出了一种适应任意各向异性介质、运动学上与原始弹性波方程完全等价,在动力学上突出qP波的新方程,即qP波伪纯模式波动方程．文中以横向各向同性(TI)介质为例,给出了相应的qP波伪纯模式波动方程及其声学与各向同性近似,并在此基础上开展了正演模拟和逆时偏移试验,展示了这种描述各向异性波场传播的新方程的特点与优势． 相似文献
8.
Paul Sava 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(1):29-48
Seismic waves propagate through the earth as a superposition of different wave modes. Seismic imaging in areas characterized by complex geology requires techniques based on accurate reconstruction of the seismic wavefields. A crucial component of the methods in this category, collectively known as wave‐equation migration, is the imaging condition that extracts information about the discontinuities of physical properties from the reconstructed wavefields at every location in space. Conventional acoustic migration techniques image a scalar wavefield representing the P‐wave mode, in contrast to elastic migration techniques, which image a vector wavefield representing both the P‐ and S‐waves. For elastic imaging, it is desirable that the reconstructed vector fields are decomposed into pure wave modes, such that the imaging condition produces interpretable images, characterizing, for example, PP or PS reflectivity. In anisotropic media, wave mode separation can be achieved by projection of the reconstructed vector fields on the polarization vectors characterizing various wave modes. For heterogeneous media, because polarization directions change with position, wave mode separation needs to be implemented using space‐domain filters. For transversely isotropic media with a tilted symmetry axis, the polarization vectors depend on the elastic material parameters, including the tilt angles. Using these parameters, we separate the wave modes by constructing nine filters corresponding to the nine Cartesian components of the three polarization directions at every grid point. Since the S polarization vectors in transverse isotropic media are not defined in the singular directions, e.g., along the symmetry axes, we construct these vectors by exploiting the orthogonality between the SV and SH polarization vectors, as well as their orthogonality with the P polarization vector. This procedure allows one to separate all three modes, with better preserved P‐wave amplitudes than S‐wave amplitudes. Realistic synthetic examples show that this wave mode separation is effective for both 2D and 3D models with strong heterogeneity and anisotropy. 相似文献
9.
Anisotropic reverse-time migration for tilted TI media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seismic anisotropy in dipping shales results in imaging and positioning problems for underlying structures. We develop an anisotropic reverse‐time depth migration approach for P‐wave and SV‐wave seismic data in transversely isotropic (TI) media with a tilted axis of symmetry normal to bedding. Based on an accurate phase velocity formula and dispersion relationships for weak anisotropy, we derive the wave equation for P‐wave and SV‐wave propagation in tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media. The accuracy of the P‐wave equation and the SV‐wave equation is analyzed and compared with other acoustic wave equations for TTI media. Using this analysis and the pseudo‐spectral method, we apply reverse‐time migration to numerical and physical‐model data. According to the comparison between the isotropic and anisotropic migration results, the anisotropic reverse‐time depth migration offers significant improvements in positioning and reflector continuity over those obtained using isotropic algorithms. 相似文献
10.
尽管叠前逆时偏移成像精度高,但仅针对单一纵波的成像也可能形成地下介质成像盲区,由于基于弹性波方程的逆时偏移成像可形成多波模式的成像数据,因此弹性波逆时偏移成像可提供更为丰富的地下构造信息.本文依据各向同性介质的一阶速度-应力方程组构建震源和检波点矢量波场,再利用Helmholtz分解提取纯纵波和纯横波波场,使用震源归一化的互相关成像条件获得纯波成像,避免了直接使用坐标分量成像而引起的纵横波串扰问题.针对转换波成像的极性反转问题,文中提出一种共炮域极性校正方法.为有效节约存储成本,也提出一种适用于弹性波逆时偏移的震源波场逆时重建方法,在震源波场正传过程中,仅保存PML边界内若干层的速度分量波场,进而逆时重建出所有分量的震源波场.本文分别对地堑模型和Marmousi2模型进行了弹性波逆时偏移成像测试,结果表明:所提出的共炮域极性校正方法正确有效,基于波场分离的弹性波逆时偏移成像的纯波数据能够对复杂地下构造准确成像. 相似文献
11.
Imaging the PP- and PS-wave for the elastic vector wave reverse-time migration requires separating the P- and S-waves during the wave field extrapolation. The amplitude and phase of the P- and S-waves are distorted when divergence and curl operators are used to separate the P- and S-waves. We present a P- and S-wave amplitude-preserving separation algorithm for the elastic wavefield extrapolation. First, we add the P-wave pressure and P-wave vibration velocity equation to the conventional elastic wave equation to decompose the P- and S-wave vectors. Then, we synthesize the scalar P- and S-wave from the vector Pand S-wave to obtain the scalar P- and S-wave. The amplitude-preserved separated P- and S-waves are imaged based on the vector wave reverse-time migration (RTM). This method ensures that the amplitude and phase of the separated P- and S-wave remain unchanged compared with the divergence and curl operators. In addition, after decomposition, the P-wave pressure and vibration velocity can be used to suppress the interlayer reflection noise and to correct the S-wave polarity. This improves the image quality of P- and S-wave in multicomponent seismic data and the true-amplitude elastic reverse time migration used in prestack inversion. 相似文献
12.
Characterizing the expressions of seismic waves in elastic anisotropic media depends on multiparameters. To reduce the complexity, decomposing the P-mode wave from elastic seismic data is an effective way to describe the considerably accurate kinematics with fewer parameters. The acoustic approximation for transversely isotropic media is widely used to obtain P-mode wave by setting the axial S-wave phase velocity to zero. However, the separated pure P-wave of this approach is coupled with undesired S-wave in anisotropic media called S-wave artefacts. To eliminate the S-wave artefacts in acoustic waves for anisotropic media, we set the vertical S-wave phase velocity as a function related to propagation directions. Then, we derive a pure P-wave equation in transversely isotropic media with a horizontal symmetry axis by introducing the expression of vertical S-wave phase velocity. The differential form of new expression for pure P-wave is reduced to second-order by inserting the expression of S-wave phase velocity as an auxiliary operator. The results of numerical simulation examples by finite difference illustrate the stability and accuracy of the derived pure P-wave equation. 相似文献
13.
Seismic wavefield modeling in media with fluid-filled fractures and surface topography 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
We present a finite difference (FD) method for the simulation of seismic wave fields in fractured medium with an irregular (non-flat) free surface which is beneficial for interpreting exploration data acquired in mountainous regions. Fractures are introduced through the Coates-Schoenberg approach into the FD scheme which leads to local anisotropic properties of the media where fractures are embedded. To implement surface topography, we take advantage of the boundary-conforming grid and map a rectangular grid onto a curved one. We use a stable and explicit second-order accurate finite difference scheme to discretize the elastic wave equations (in a curvilinear coordinate system) in a 2D heterogeneous transversely isotropic medium with a horizontal axis of symmetry (HTI). Efficiency tests performed by different numerical experiments clearly illustrate the influence of an irregular free surface on seismic wave propagation in fractured media which may be significant to mountain seismic exploration. The tests also illustrate that the scattered waves induced by the tips of the fracture are re-scattered by the features of the free surface topography. The scattered waves provoked by the topography are re-scattered by the fractures, especially Rayleigh wave scattering whose amplitudes are much larger than others and making it very difficult to identify effective information from the fractures. 相似文献
14.
Christopher Juhlin 《Geophysical Prospecting》1995,43(6):843-858
The velocity-stress formulation for propagation of elastic seismic waves through 2D heterogeneous transversely isotropic media of arbitrary orientation is presented. The equations are recast into a finite-difference scheme and solved numerically using fourth-order spatial operators and a second-order temporal operator on a staggered grid. Absorbing, free-surface and symmetry boundary conditions have been implemented. Test cases compare well with other published solutions. Synthetic seismograms are calculated over two idealized models: (i) vertical fractures in granite with a dolerite sill reflector and (ii) a dipping anisotropic shale. Comparisons with the isotropic counterparts show significant differences which may have to be accounted for in seismic processing in the future. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
介质的弹性常数为三维四阶张量的分量,共有８１个,由于应力张量和应变张量的对称性及能量密度是应变的二次函数,一般各向异常性介质的独立弹性常数可减为２１个,如果介质具有较高的对称性,独立弹性常数的数目会更少。 对于地壳和上地幔,具有５个独立弹性常数的横向各向同性介质是一个非常好的近似,本研究中横向各向同性介质的对称轴方向可以是任意的（即对称轴可以不平等于铅直方向）,在此情况下,需要进行坐标变换,如果已知介质在某一坐标系（其坐标轴平行或垂直于介质的对称轴）中的弹性常数,我们能够容易地利用变换公式得到变换后新坐标系中的弹性常数。 本文提出了一种方案,利用伪谱法既能模拟横向各向同性介质中的平面波,也能模拟点源激发的波场。在勘探地球物理和地震学中,模拟横向各向同性介拮中传播的平面波及区域源产生的波是最重要的研究课题之一。然而在一般各向异性介质中,很难或不可能确定弹性波的相速度和偏振方向,但在横向各向同性介质中,则可以通过坐标变换来实现,这里我们所提出的方法可以用于横向各向同性介质中弹性波的模拟。 相似文献
18.
随着计算机硬件技术的发展以及高分辨率勘探需求的增加,我们希望能够更准确地模拟地下介质,得到更丰富的地层信息.然而,传统的声学假设并不能描述实际地层所存在各向异性和黏滞性,使得成像分辨率较低.为了实现深部储层的高精度成像,本文同时考虑了介质的各向异性和黏滞性,从TI介质弹性波的基本理论出发,结合各向异性GSLS理论,并通过声学近似方法导出基于GSLS模型的各向异性衰减拟声波方程.数值模拟表明该方程既能准确地描述各向异性介质下的准P波运动学规律,又能体现地层的吸收衰减效应;模型逆时偏移结果表明,在实现成像过程中考虑各向异性和黏滞性的影响,能对高陡构造清晰成像,且剖面振幅相对均衡,分辨率较高. 相似文献
19.
各向异性研究对地下介质精确成像有着重要的意义,在当前计算机硬件迅速发展及宽方位地震数据采集日益普遍的情况下,成像必须考虑介质的各向异性.逆时偏移是基于双程波动方程的较为精确的数值解的成像方法,所以相对于其他地震成像方法,它具有很大的优势,譬如不受反射界面的倾角限制、偏移速度结构合适时能够使回转波及多次波正确成像.在各向同性介质中,可使用标量波方程来模拟波场.而在各向异性介质中,P波和SV波是相互耦合的,即不存在单纯的标量波传播,通常利用能代表耦合波场中P波分量运动学特征的拟声波(qP波)进行偏移成像.本文中,我们推导出了TTI介质下qP波控制方程.该方程可采用显式有限差分格式进行求解.通过声学近似,若沿对称轴方向的剪切波速度为零,对于对称轴方向不变且ε≥δ的模型来说,可得到稳定的数值解.但对于TTI介质来说,由于沿对称轴方向各向异性参数是变化的,声学近似会引起波场传播及数值计算的不稳定.因此,我们提出了正则化有限横波的方法,很好地解决了这一问题.最后,给出了Foothill模型的测试结果及某探区实际资料试算结果,展示了采用这个方程进行复杂TTI模型正演和高质量逆时偏移成像结果,证实了该方法的正确性和实际资料应用中的有效性. 相似文献
20.
地震波在各向异性介质中以一个准P波(qP)和两个准S波(qS1和qS2)的形式传播.研究三种波的相速度、群速度以及偏振方向等传播性质能够为各向异性介质中的正反演问题提供有效支撑.具有比横向各向同性(TI)介质更一般对称性的正交各向异性介质通常需要9个独立参数对其进行描述,这使得对传播特征的计算更为复杂.当两个准S波速度相近时具有耦合性,从而令慢度的计算产生奇异性.因此,奇异点(慢度面的鞍点和交叉点)附近的反射与透射(R/T)系数的求解不稳定,会导致波场振幅不准确.本文首次通过结合耦合S波射线理论和基于迭代的各向异性相速度与偏振矢量的高阶近似解,得到了适用于正交各向异性介质以qP波入射所产生的二阶R/T系数的计算方法.与基于一阶近似的结果相比,基于二阶近似的方法提高了qP波R/T系数的精度,能得到一阶耦合近似无法表达的准确的qP-qS转换波的R/T系数解,且方法适用于较强的各向异性介质. 相似文献