乌鲁木齐降水中δ18O的温度和降水强度效应的季节转换     

郑新军  李彦  徐利岗 《中国沙漠》2016,36(2):491-498

受到温度和降水季节变化的双重影响,温带大陆和季风气候地区降水中的δ¹⁸O有很强的季节动态。在中国北方由于受到强烈的温度季节变化的控制,降水中δ¹⁸O有很强的温度效应,甚至在月尺度上与温度呈显著的正相关。然而,在降水事件尺度上,特别是多雨的夏季,显著的降水量效应仍然存在。本研究结合气象数据分析了来源于GNIP的乌鲁木齐月尺度上的降水中δ¹⁸O与平均气温和降水量之间的关系。结果表明:在年尺度上,保持气温和降水频率不变,扣除两者的影响,δ¹⁸O与降水强度有显著的负相关关系(P=0.012)。温度和降水强度效应分别为(0.45±0.03)‰·℃^-1(T=17.38,P<0.001)和(-0.28±0.12)‰·mm^-1(T=-2.29,P=0.023)。温度和降水效应在一年四季均存在,且两者存在季节转化,分别主导了一年中不同季节降水中δ¹⁸O的动态变化。在气温剧烈变动的春季(3-5月)和秋季(9-11月),显著的温度效应占主导。而在夏季(6-8月),显著的降水强度效应(T=-2.93,P=0.006)主导了降水中δ¹⁸O的动态。尽管在冬季(12月至翌年2月)降水强度效应和温度效应很微弱也不显著,但是前者仍然大于后者。  相似文献   

年际―年代际尺度上南海北部SST与 东亚夏季风强度的负相关关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张会领  余克服  施祺  严宏强  陈特固 《热带地理》2016,36(1):34-40

选取南海北部珊瑚带宽-SST分别与甘肃万象洞WX42B石笋和贵州董哥洞DA石笋的δ18O记录在不同时段进行对比,揭示了南海北部SST变化与夏季风强度的关联。结果显示：在年际―年代际尺度上,南海北部珊瑚带宽-SST与石笋δ18O记录的夏季风强度存在负相关关系：南海北部SST升高,石笋δ18O偏重,夏季风强度减弱;反之亦然。南海北部器测SST与万象洞WX42B石笋δ18O记录的对比也证实了这一关系的存在。ENSO活动影响着季风区的降雨量,控制着南海北部的SST变化。ENSO的存在可能是造成这种负相关关系的直接原因。由于ENSO活动与季风区降雨量的关系存在区域性差异,南海北部SST与局部地区夏季风强度之间的关系仍需进一步的研究。  相似文献   

Late Holocene inter-annual temperature variability reconstructed from the δ18O of archaeological Ostrea angasi shells     

S. Tynan  B. Opdyke  A. Dutton  M. Walczak 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(6):779-791

Two multi-year oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) records were obtained from archaeological Ostrea angasi shells, confirming the potential of this species to provide valuable environmental records for the late Holocene period in southeastern Australia. High-resolution δ¹⁸O_shell samples from the O. angasi clearly display a seasonal variability, offering insight into past climate conditions in a region where such information is presently limited.

The oxygen isotope record in O. angasi reflects a combined temperature–salinity signal. Observations of δ¹⁸O_shell data from modern specimens are used as a point of reference to assist in decoupling these two influences, with the two archaeological samples compared with the δ¹⁸O_shell profile of four modern O. angasi. Assuming similar paleo- δ¹⁸O_water values at the collection sites, data from these archaeological shells present a record of temperatures during the period of their growth that are consistently lower than modern day, with mean annual temperatures ～2°C cooler.  相似文献   

Stable isotope composition of modern bryozoan skeletal carbonate from the Otago Shelf,New Zealand     

Stephen F. Crowley  Paul D. Taylor 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):331-351

The oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and carbon (δ¹³C) isotope ratios of 10 species of living Bryozoa collected from the Otago Shelf, New Zealand were analysed to assess the extent to which isotopic equilibrium (relative to inorganic equilibrium isotope fractionation) is attained during the precipitation of skeletal calcium carbonate. The data reveal that whereas eight species of Bryozoa synthesise skeletal carbonate in apparent oxygen isotope equilibrium with respect to environmental conditions, two species (Celleporina grandis and Hippomonavella flexuosa) yield δ¹⁸O_calcite values which indicate significant disequilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation during calcification. Sufficient data are available from one species (C. grandis) to demonstrate that disequilibrium is probably related to kinetic factors associated with diffusion‐controlled transport of HCO₃‐ to the site of calcite precipitation. Carbon isotope signatures indicate significant departures from inorganic isotope equilibrium in all but one bryozoan species (Hippomenella vellicata). Although greater uncertainties are associated with estimates of the isotopic composition of total dissolved inorganic carbon (δ¹³C_SDIC), the data suggest that two factors—kinetic fractionation and incorporation of respiratory CO₂—are important in controlling carbon isotope disequilibrium. Where bryozoan species exhibit evidence for disequilibrium in both oxygen and carbon isotope systems (C. grandis, H. flexuosa), it is likely that kinetic factors are primarily responsible for observed departures from carbon isotope equilibrium. In contrast, the probable explanation for those species which display evidence for carbon isotope disequilibrium only, is that skeletal carbonate is precipitated from a DIC pool modified by the incorporation of respiratory CO₂. Differences between the carbon isotope composition of skeletal elements from the same species and co‐existing species living in the same community suggests that significant variations may occur in the extent to which marine DIC and respiratory CO₂ are utilised during calcification. Additional studies of carbon pathways associated with calcification are required to assess the relative effects of kinetic, metabolic, and environmental factors on the carbon isotopic composition of bryozoan skeletal carbonate.  相似文献   

湘鄂西龙马溪组页岩解析气同位素组成特征及应用     

张鹏  陈世敬  刘子驿  黄宇琪  杨军伟  刘洪洋 《现代地质》2019,33(4):883-889

湘鄂西地区位于中扬子板块,研究区龙马溪组富有机质页岩的有机质类型以Ⅱ₁型为主,Ⅱ₂型次之,TOC含量高,有机质热成熟度高,页岩矿物以脆性矿物为主,黏土矿物次之。通过分析三个实验阶段(20 ℃、65 ℃、90 ℃)解析气样发现,气体中CH₄含量较高(90.34%~99.64%),含有少量非烃气体。龙马溪组页岩气CH₄碳同位素值为-41.9‰~-30.8‰,C₂H₆碳同位素值为-42.3‰~-36.2‰,δ²H_CH4为-193.4‰~-156.0‰,随着成熟度的增加,CH₄碳同位素、C₂H₆碳同位素以及CH₄氢同位素都有升高的趋势。烃类气体碳同位素具有明显的倒转现象,即δ¹³C₁>δ¹³C₂。根据解析实验三个阶段的气体同位素特征和测得的各阶段含气特征建立游离气与吸附气所占比例的计算公式,进一步推算出解析过程总含气量中所含有的游离气量以及吸附气量。  相似文献   

A 2200-yr record of hydrologic variability from Foy Lake, Montana, USA, inferred from diatom and geochemical data     

Lora R. Stevens  Jeffery R. Stone  Josh Campbell  Sherilyn C. Fritz 《Quaternary Research》2006,65(2):264-274

A 2200-yr long, high-resolution (∼5 yr) record of drought variability in northwest Montana is inferred from diatoms and δ¹⁸O values of bio-induced carbonate preserved in a varved lacustrine core from Foy Lake. A previously developed model of the diatom response to lake-level fluctuations is used to constrain estimates of paleolake levels derived from the diatom data. High-frequency (decadal) fluctuations in the de-trended δ¹⁸O record mirror variations in wet/dry cycles inferred from Banff tree-rings, demonstrating the sensitivity of the oxygen-isotope values to changes in regional moisture balance. Low frequency (multi-centennial) isotopic changes may be associated with shifts in the seasonal distribution of precipitation. From 200 B.C. to A.D. 800, both diatom and isotope records indicate that climate was dry and lake level low, with poor diatom preservation and high organic carbon: nitrogen ratios. Subsequently, lake level rose slightly, although the climate was drier and more stable than modern conditions. At A.D. 1200, lake level increased to approximately 6 m below present elevation, after which the lake fluctuated between this elevation and full stage, with particularly cool and/or wetter conditions after 1700. The hydrologic balance of the lake shifted abruptly at 1894 because of the establishment of a lumber mill at the lake's outlet. Spectral analysis of the δ¹⁸O data indicates that severe droughts occurred with multi-decadal (50 to 70 yr) frequency.  相似文献   

天目山柳杉树轮δ¹³C方位变化及成因探讨     

王建  赵兴云  钱君龙 《地理研究》2006,25(2):242-254

对天目山两株柳杉(分别简称CF-1与CF-3),分别测定了不同方位上的树轮δ13C年序列。方差分析表明:天目山柳杉树轮δ13C值存在显著的方位差异和年际变化。不同方位上δ13C序列年际变化趋势基本一致,但极值出现的方位存在明显的年际漂移。同一树体各方位之间及两树体对应方位之间δ13C值均存在较好的相关性,表明区域环境背景条件对树轮δ13C值方位变化及年际变化趋势的影响是共同的。重点分析了局部环境差异对树轮δ13C方位变化的影响。不同坡向及树冠不同方位光照条件的差异是造成树轮δ13C值方位变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

风成沉积物叶蜡氢同位素在揭示东亚季风区干湿变化中的原理及应用     

梁承弘  鹿化煜 《地球科学进展》2021,36(1):45-57

沉积物叶蜡正构烷烃氢同位素是指示气候和环境变化的一种新的生物地球化学指标,由于其存在广泛、成因机制清晰、易于保存等特点,被认为是具有很大潜力的重建古环境的替代指标。分析了正构烷烃的形成过程与其氢同位素的分馏机制,讨论了叶蜡正构烷烃氢同位素在不同气候区指示湿度变化的能力,总结了在东亚季风区半干旱区的一些应用案例。相比于风成黄土中其他气候代用指标,沉积物正构烷烃氢同位素更直接地指示了区域干湿变化,对区域气候和环境变化响应敏感,在长时间尺度上记录了水汽变化过程,并存在显著的太阳辐射岁差周期。正构烷烃氢同位素是一种理想的东亚季风区干旱半干旱地区湿度重建的代用指标,未来需要进一步研究大气降水同位素和本地分馏过程对其变化的控制规律,加强其在古气候定量重建中的研究应用。  相似文献   

黄土记录的中亚干旱区东部全新世气候与环境演化     

范义姣  马箫忆  刘慧  王树源  杨军怀  陈梓炫  高福元  贾佳  夏敦胜 《冰川冻土》2021,43(3):818-826

选取位于中亚干旱区东部新疆天山地区的两个典型黄土沉积剖面,通过磁学参数（χ_ARM/SIRM）、亮度（L^*）、有机碳/氮同位素（δ¹³C_org和δ¹⁵N）等记录,对研究区内全新世以来的气候环境进行重建。结果表明：早全新世,χ_ARM/SIRM、L^*指示黄土成壤较弱、有机质含量低,δ¹³C_org记录表明区域降水较少,共同反映该时期地表植被覆盖低、相对干旱的气候环境;中晚全新世,χ_ARM/SIRM、L^*和δ¹³C_org记录的湿度逐渐增加,黄土δ¹⁵N偏正变化,指示地表生态系统生产力增强、植被覆盖增加,表明该区域气候适宜期发生在中晚全新世。中亚干旱区东部全新世以来的气候环境特征,与北半球高纬度冰盖、太阳辐射强度的变化密切相关。  相似文献   

Variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation in the Tianshan Mountains region and their significance for the Westerly circulation   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

LIU Xiaokang  RAO Zhiguo  ZHANG Xiaojian  HUANG Wei  CHEN Jianhui  CHEN Fahu 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(7)

  相似文献