The changes of pigment contents and their environmental implications in the lake sediments of Ny-(A)lesund, Svalbard, the Arctic     

姜珊  刘晓东  徐利强  孙立广 《极地研究(英文版)》2010,21(1):60-70

According to palaeoclimatic and modern instrumental data, numerous studies have indicated that the Arctic climate has undergone a significant warming during the past 100 years, and this may lead to significant impact on the fragile lake ecosystem. In this study, we collected a lake sediment core from the Ny-(A)lesund of Svalbard and determined the concentrations of four pigments including chlorophyll derivatives, total carotenoids, oscillaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll in the sediments. Combined with other physical and chemical proxies such as calcium carbonate, total organic carbon, biogenic silicon etc., we have reconstructed the historical changes of lacustrine primary productivity in Ny-(A)lesund, especially for the past 100 years. The results showed that during the period of Little Ice Age (LIA), the climate was unfavorable for the growth of the lake algae, and thus the lacustrine productivity declined. This result was supported by the relatively low contents of pigment and biogenic silica in the sediments. In contrast, the contents of total organic carbon (TOC) and sediment pigments increased significantly in the upper 5 cm (~1890AD), reflecting the rapid growth of the lake algae, thus the great increase of lacustrine primary productivity, corresponding to the warming climate after LIA. However, the biogenic silica in the upper sediments still had a relatively low level, and this might be related to the growth competition with other algae species. Over the past 100 years, the ratio of Osc/Myx in the sediments decreased continuously, indicative of durative increase of myxoxanthophyll in blue-green algal pigments, and this might imply that the human activity had enhanced the nutrition level of the lake in the Arctic region.  相似文献   

A coupled regional Arctic sea ice-ocean model: configuration and application     

李群  张璐  吴辉碇 《极地研究(英文版)》2010,21(2):180-192

A regional sea ice-ocean coupled model for the Arctic Ocean was developed, based on the MITgcm ocean circulation model and classical Hibler79 type two categorythermodynamics-dynamics sea ice model. The sea ice dynamics and thermodynamicswere considered based on Viscous-Plastic (VP) and Winton three-layer models, respectively. A detailed configuration of coupled model has been introduced. Special attention has been paid to the model grid setup, subgrid paramerization, ice-ocean coupling and open boundary treatment. The coupled model was then applied and two test run examples were presented. The first model run was a climatology simulation with 10 years (1992?002) averaged NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data as atmospheric forcing. The second model run was a seasonal simulation for the period of 1992?007. The atmospheric forcing was daily NCAR/NCEP reanalysis. The climatology simulation captured the general pattern of the sea ice thickness distribution of the Arctic, i.e., the thickest sea ice is situated around the CanadaArchipelago and the north coast of the Greenland. For the second model run, themodeled September Sea ice extent anomaly from 1992?007 was highly correlated with the observations, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.88. Theminimum of the Arctic sea ice area in the September of 2007 was unprecedented. The modeled sea ice area and extent for this minimum was overestimated relative to the observations. However, it captured the general pattern of the sea ice retreat.  相似文献   

核能家庭与低碳经济     

高芯蕊 《地球》2010,(1):36-37

煤炭、石油、天然气等化石能源把人类推向了工业社会,与此同时,温室气体排放急剧增加,全球气候变暖日益严重,“低碳经济”由此应运而生。新能源在低碳经济中发挥着主力军的作用。  相似文献   

可怕的生态之灾——海平面升高     

《地球》2010,(2):19-19

马尔代夫,一个印度洋上的小岛国。国土由26组珊瑚环礁、1200多个珊瑚岛组成．绵延长达900千米,平均海拔只有1．2米。由于全球变暖导致海平面上升,这个天堂岛国正面临“消失”的危险。为此,政府不得不做出将旅游业的部分收入积累起来。用于到临国购买新土地,以安置全国38．6万居民的决定。  相似文献   

地磁变化之探     

王国方 《地球》2010,(5):69-69

近日,美国《科学》杂志的一篇文章报道：近150年来,地球南北极磁场正在急剧地衰减,如果这种衰减持续下去,地球磁场可能在下个千年的某个时期消失。但更多的专家认为,地磁场并不会真正消失,地球磁场的衰减只是地球南北两个磁极倒转中的过渡而已。  相似文献   

1979-2019年北半球极端高温的变化主导因子分析     

《黑龙江气象》2021,38(4)

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秋季北极海冰与欧亚冬季气温在年代际和年际尺度上的不同联系          下载免费PDF全文

何金海  武丰民  祁莉 《地球物理学报》2015,58(4):1089-1102

北极海冰的急剧消融在近年来欧亚大陆频发的低温事件中扮演着关键角色.秋季北极海冰的偏少对应着冬季欧亚大陆的低温天气,然而二者的联系在年代际和年际两种时间尺度上存在显著区别.本文运用1979—2012年哈德莱中心第一套海冰覆盖率(HadISST1)、欧洲中心(ERA_Interim)的2m温度、风场、海平面气压场、高度场等资料,分别研究了年代际和年际时间尺度上前期秋季北极海冰与欧亚冬季气温的联系.结果表明,欧亚和北极地区(0°—160°E,15°N—90°N)的冬季气温具有显著的年代际和年际变化.在年代际尺度上,温度异常分布在21世纪初由北极冷-大陆暖转为北极暖-大陆冷.这一年代际转折与前期秋季整个北极地区的海冰年代际减少联系密切.秋季北极全区海冰年代际偏少对应冬季欧亚大陆中高纬地区的高压异常,有利于北大西洋的暖湿气流北上和北极的冷空气南侵,造成北极暖-大陆冷的温度分布;在年际时间尺度上,温度异常分布主要由第一模态的年际变化部分和第二模态组成,且第一模态包含的年际变率信号也存在显著的年代际变化.年际尺度上全区北极海冰对欧亚冬季气温的影响远不及位于北冰洋西南边缘的巴伦支海、喀拉海和拉普捷夫海西部(30°E—120°E,75°N—85°N)的关键区海冰影响显著.关键区内海冰的偏少会引发冬季的北大西洋涛动负位相,导致北大西洋吹往欧亚大陆的暖湿气流减弱和欧亚大陆中高纬地区的气温偏低.  相似文献   

全球变暖中的科学问题   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

赵宗慈  罗勇  王绍武  黄建斌 《气象与环境学报》2015,31(1):1-5

2013年各国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第一工作组发布了第五次气候变化科学评估报告,以大量的观测分析和气候模式模拟证据,继续强调由于人类排放增加,全球正在变暖,未来将继续变暖的观点。本文综述研究全球变暖的几个深层次的科学问题,即多套全球气温观测资料的差异、不同标准气候态时段的作用、20世纪全球变暖的检测和归因及未来全球气温变化的走向,以此提出需进一步研究的科学问题。结果表明;需要进一步提高观测资料的质量;注意不同标准气候态时段对应的数值的不同;应进一步改善气候模式模拟年代际变率的能力及研究近15 a全球变暖减缓和停滞的原因,从而改善气候模式的模拟效果;造成预估未来全球气候变化的不确定性主要来自气候模式的差异、未来排放情景的差异及气候系统内部变率影响和自然外强迫的作用。  相似文献   

2012-2013年中国西南地区秋、冬、春季持续干旱的成因   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡学平  许平平  宁贵财  王式功  尚可政 《中国沙漠》2015,35(3):763-773

利用多种资料从大尺度大气环流、水汽输送、热带海表温度、北极涛动、平流层极涡等方面分析了2012-2013年中国西南地区秋、冬、春季持续干旱的成因。结果表明, 西南水汽输送偏弱、高纬度地区南下冷空气路径偏东、冷暖空气难以在西南地区上空交汇, 是此次持续干旱的直接原因。这段时间西南地区大都受平直西风气流控制, 孟加拉湾和中南半岛地区位势高度较常年偏高, 不利于这些地区气旋性环流的发展;热带海表温度异常变化,特别是冬春季印度洋海表温度的持续偏高, 使得菲律宾地区上空低层反气旋异常环流增强。这些都导致了西南向水汽输送偏弱。此外, 北极涛动异常变化对西南地区的干旱也有重要影响, 北极涛动持续处于负位相, 不仅使南支槽减弱变浅, 西南水汽输送减少, 还导致贝加尔湖高压脊偏弱, 使北方南下冷空气主体偏东。冬季平流层极涡强度的变化在各个高度的位势高度场和位势涡度场上都有体现, 其变化对冷空气的强度及路径有明显影响。  相似文献   

气候变暖威胁北极象生存     

《地理教学》2010,(1):64-64

近日,美国阿拉斯加西北沿海出现大批海象,透露出北极海受气候变迁的影响,融冰状况非常严重,这将威胁到海象的生存。美国地质研究所的一项研究指出,阿拉斯加西北方楚克奇海的冰帽附近,聚集了3500多头海象,海象每年秋天会集体向南迁徙,时间通常不会那么早,海象大批向海岸边聚集,应该和气候暖化导致海冰融化有关。  相似文献