PCBs and OCPs in sediments from Hongfeng Reservoir in Guizhou Province, China     

Zhongqing WEI Congqiang LIU Xiaobing LIANG Fushun WANG Shaofeng WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):69-70

In this research, chlorinated hydrocarbons （polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides） were measured by GC-ECD in sediments from the Hongfeng Reservoir area. The concentrations of total PCBs range from 3.2 to 31.6 ng/g, among which PCB28, PCB52 are the major congeners with the concentrations from 0.5 to 4.6 ng/g, and from 0.4 to 28.1 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of these pollutants decrease from surface to bottom, while the concentrations at 1-4 cm are lower than at 5-8 cm, suggesting the decline of PCBs input. TOC concentrations of sediment are found in a significant positive correlation with those of PCBs, suggesting that PCBs are mainly adsorbed on organic matter and particles. HCHs and DDTs are the predominant organochlorine pesticides with the concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 8.9 ng/g （average 3.2 ng/g） and 0.9 to 25.7 ng/g （average 7.8 ng/g）, respectively. β-HCH and γ-HCH （lindane） are the predominant HCH isomers from sediments, and p, p＇-DDE and p, p＇-DDT are the predominant DDT isomers. DDT/DDE＋DDD and α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios range from 0.6 to 0.9 and 0.1 to 3.0, respectively, which indicates more use of lindane than technical mixtures of HCHs before, and also suggests changes in HCHs and DDTs in the environment. The high values of β-HCH and p, p＇-DDE also show that atmospheric input is one of the important sources of the Hongfeng Reservoir, because β-HCH and p, p＇-DDE are stable and have low Sw and Pv so that they can be easily transferred over a long range in atmosphere.  相似文献   

Overcoming flood and desiccation made by implementing artificial recharge toward absorption reservoir     

Teddy W. Sudinda Teddy 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):156-157

Flood and desiccation are perceived as two most critical and influential disasters which contradict between causes and consequences. Flood occurs when the water surface could no longer flow the whole water flow, thus, the water flooded. Contradicted to that, desiccation occurs when the water flow contains a low volume of water deposit, thus, the water requirement exceeds the available potential. That condition was caused by land utilization as the consequences due to the increased land requirement for housing or industrial needs. An attempt to overcome the flood, nowadays, is implemented mostly in a structural way, through building canals, implementing rivers normalization, building gateways or building flood control pump which are more directed toward the flood direction in order to increase the surface flow in an immediate maner to the sea. However, the effort to overcome the flood its self, could be more effective if followed by an effort to increase the soil ability to absorb natural recharge or artificial recharge or by refilling the water into the earth surface. Absorption reservoir used as one of technology alternatives （artificial recharge） could also be used to support the attempt to overcome flood and desiccation. Absorption reservoir is a dam which was designed according to the basic principles, such as the bottom surface of the reservoir that has a high permeability surface; the surface of the reservoir water is higher （higher aquifer） along with a high permeability, considering the availability of water source that has been absorbed and its quality; considering the aquifer category on the water absorption dam;  相似文献   

Early diagenesis of nurtrients （C, N, P and Si） stored in sediments of two reservoirs in southwestern China     

Yuchun WANG Jun ZHU Congqiang LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):161-162

Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time.  相似文献   

复合土钉墙支护技术在某大型软土基坑围护中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

杜常春  章泽军  李飞  周喜锋 《探矿工程》2006,33(2):26-29

根据拟建建筑基坑的工程地质条件、周边环境条件、基坑开挖深度等特点综合考虑，对基坑分段采用超前微型桩支护加土钉墙、放坡加土钉墙2种复合支护方案。实践证明，该工程所采用的多种复合式支护实施方案，技术安全可靠，经济合理。  相似文献   

福建省山仔水库浮游植物特征与水体富营养状况分析     

苏玉萍  陈娜蓉  林婉珍  梁晓丹 《福建地理》2006,(4)

采用浮游植物指示法评价了福州省山仔水库2005年不同季节水体的富营养状况,结果表明:冬、春季库区水体处于中—富营养水平,夏季发生水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)“水华”,水体处于富营养水平,秋季水体处于中营养水平.由于浮游植物的生长状况受到多因素的影响,有必要进一步结合其他评价方法对整个水体的富营养状态做出综合判断.  相似文献   

云南元-磨公路某高堑坡灾害发生机制及防治对策     

齐明柱 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(2):19-22

论文根据现场地质调查,应用地质力学分析方法,分析了元-磨公路K235 160~600段高堑坡地质条件、病害发生机制和诱发因素。堑坡所在区域位于红河深大断裂与哀牢山深大断裂所夹持的哀牢山褶皱带内,属强烈侵蚀切割的低中山区,河流下切严重,河流阶地不发育。南溪河及其支流小曼萨河、叉河依附于不同时期生成的构造发育而成,堑坡位于小曼萨河注入南溪河的交汇部位小曼萨河的左岸。小曼萨河及南溪河所夹持的山体,尤其是堑坡所在的部位,已严重破碎、松弛,岩石似大块石堆垒状,坡面上的树木均明显地向小曼萨河方向倾倒。经地质力学配套分析,堑坡所依附的山梁形成于红河深大断裂生成期(γ4),堑坡岩体受多期构造活动的作用,其中NW65/°SW64°及NW63/°SW35°两组倾向临空的构造面控制坡体的稳定。堑坡具备发生变形破坏的地质条件,分析认为由于组成坡体的岩土强度不足而引起既有构造面的大型坍塌。连续降雨及温差是诱发因素。基于目前国内边坡防治技术、施工能力,提出了以“治”或“避”为主的防治对策。  相似文献   

大型钢结构变形测试方法的研究与实践     

潘国荣 《测绘信息与工程》2005,30(3):45-47

介绍了精密全站仪进行结构测试的原理和方法,通过对某大型游泳跳水馆钢结构网架在张拉和加载试验中的变形测量实践,证明其具有作业简便、能够全面反映结构变形情况之优点,且精度较高,成果可靠。  相似文献   

燕山水库坝基防渗墙优化设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张宜虎  尹红梅  杨裕云  王亮清 《岩土力学》2005,26(7):1161-1164

因现场资料不足或分析手段落后等原因,当前进行水库坝基防渗墙设计,往往存在过于保守的倾向。以河南省燕山水库为例,基于优化设计的思路,采用目前较为成熟的二维有限单元法,对不同防渗条件下的坝基渗流场分别进行了模拟,并将计算所得比降、流量与允许比降、允许流量做了对比,从定量的角度提出了既安全、又经济的防渗方案:防渗墙厚度取0.8m,深度取打入破碎带5m。  相似文献   

葛洲坝水利枢纽运行后泥沙冲淤变化分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

戴会超  何文社  袁杰  曹叔尤 《水科学进展》2005,16(5):691-695

对葛洲坝水利枢纽及其运行情况和河段特性进行了介绍。分析认为葛洲坝水利枢纽运行前后的入库水沙特性基本一致。探讨了库区冲淤变化特点、淤积量及其分布,冲淤过程及达到冲淤平衡的时间。对坝下游河床的冲淤过程、冲淤量、达到冲淤平衡的时间以及河床粗化,河底高程历年变化及同流量水位降低的原因、降低量及变化过程进行了分析总结。研究结果可为进一步探讨三峡水利枢纽与葛洲坝水利枢纽联合调度运用后水库泥沙淤积变化规律提供参考。  相似文献   

门楼水库汛限水位及调度方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹升乐王艳玲  负汝安 《水文》2005,25(2):33-35

结合门楼水库的实际情况，提出了水库调度的“峰量综合控制法”和4种调度方案，由此确定相应的汛限水位。给出了门楼水库近期和远期汛限水位值。  相似文献