Diurnal cycles of precipitation over subtropical China in IPCC AR5 AMIP simulations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

原韦华 《大气科学进展》2013,30(6):1679-1694

Atmospheric Intercomparison Project simulations of the summertime diurnal cycle of precipitation and low-level winds over subtropical China by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report models were evaluated. By analyzing the diurnal variation of convective and stratiform components, results confirmed that major biases in rainfall diurnal cycles over subtropical China are due to convection parameterization and further pointed to the diurnal variation of convective rainfall being closely related to the closure of the convective scheme. All models captured the early-morning peak of total rainfall over the East China Sea, but most models had problems in simulating diurnal rainfall variations over land areas of subtropical China. When total rainfall was divided into stratiform and convective rainfall, all models successfully simulated the diurnal variation of stratiform rainfall with a maximum in the early morning. The models, overestimating noon-time （nocturnal） total rainfall over land, generally simulated too much convective rainfall, which peaked close to noon （midnight）, sharing some similarities in the closures of their deep convection schemes. The better performance of the Meteorological Research Institute atmospherer. ocean coupled global climate model version 3 （MRI-CGCM3） is attributed to the well captured ratio of the two kinds of rainfall, but not diurnal variations of the two components. Therefore, a proper ratio of convective and stratiform rainfall to total rainfall is also important to improve simulated diurnal rainfall variation.  相似文献   

基于雷达三维组网数据的对流性地面大风自动识别   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李国翠  刘黎平  张秉祥  于楠  常山英 《气象学报》2013,71(6):1160-1171

应用雷达三维组网数据和地面加密自动站风场资料,统计分析了对流性地面大风的6个主要雷达识别指标：风暴最大反射率因子、风暴最大垂直积分液态水含量、垂直积分液态水含量随时间变率、风暴最大反射率因子下降高度、风暴体移动速度和垂直积分液态水含量密度等参数。根据雷达识别指标和地面大风的相关程度,给出了识别指标的隶属函数和权重系数;采用不等权重法,建立了具有模糊逻辑的对流性地面大风识别方法。并将对流性地面大风的出现概率分为3级：当识别风暴单体的判据小于0.3时,出现对流性地面大风的概率小;当判据在0.3—0.5时,产生对流性地面大风的概率较大;当判据大于0.5时,出现对流性地面大风的概率很大。通过对河北省2012年6月21日线状风暴和2009年7月23日孤立单体风暴引发的灾害大风典型个例的识别效果检验,证明这种方法识别到的风暴单体跟踪效果良好,识别出的大风范围与实况风场基本吻合,命中率、虚警率和临界成功指数分别达81.8%、25.0%和64.3%,利用模糊逻辑原理建立对流性大风的识别算法是切实可行的。  相似文献   

Sensitivity of Quasi-Periodic Outer Rainband Activity of Tropical Cyclones to the Surface Entropy Flux     

LI Qingqing  DUAN Yihong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(5):636-657

The influence of outer-core surface entropy fluxes （SEFs） on tropical cyclone （TC） outer rainband activity is investigated in this study with a fully compressible,nonhydrostatic model.A control simulation and two sensitivity experiments with the outer-core SEF artificially increased and decreased by 20% respectively were conducted to examine the quasi-periodic outer rainband behavior.Larger negative horizontal advection due to the greater radial wind and the positive contribution by asymmetric eddies leads to a longer period of outer-rainband activity in the SEF-enhanced experiment.The well-developed outer rainbands in the control and SEF-reduced simulations significantly limit the TC intensity,whereas such an intensity suppression influence is not pronounced in the SEF-enhanced experiment.As diabatic heating in outer rainbands strengthens the outer-core tangential wind,the quasi-periodic activity of outer rainbands contributes to the quasi-periodic variations of the inner-core size of the TCs.  相似文献   

华北秋季强弱线型对流发展时天气尺度环境条件探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

廖晓农 《气象》2013,39(3):291-301

华北地区进入秋季以后,弱对流过程增加.为了提高秋季对流天气强度的诊断识别能力,选择了9月份发生在相似背景下,强弱不同的两个线型对流个例作了对比分析.结果表明,强对流发生在深厚的天气尺度上升区中(上升运动伸展到200 hPa附近),而且对流层低层环境大气的绝对湿度较大;而弱对流发展时,上升运动仅存在于500 hPa以下,边界层内的比湿只有5～7 g·kg-1,较强对流个例低2～5 g·kg-1.它们是导致对流强弱不同的主要原因.强对流个例深厚的上升运动源于低层辐合切变线、露点锋和高空槽的强迫,此外对流层上部的强辐散叠置在低层辐合区上空,有利于上升运动加强并向高层发展.弱对流产生时,冷空气侵入到对流层中层以下,造成下沉区的下边界较低,不能产生深厚的上升运动.这是强弱个例垂直运动伸展高度不同的动力因素.热力学条件差异主要在对流层中下层.强对流产生时,对流区内有能量聚积,CAPE达到1087 J·kg-1,而且暖湿层和对流性不稳定层伸展到600～700 hPa.弱对流个例,仅边界层相对暖湿,CAPE只有68J·kg-1.上述关于力和热动力条件差异研究结果表明,天气尺度上升运动伸展的高度、对流层下层空气的绝对湿度、暖湿层和不稳定层的厚度等可能是影响华北秋季对流强弱的重要环境因素.  相似文献   

2007—2008年库姆塔格沙漠沙尘天气特征与天气分型   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

霍文  何清  杨兴华  赵勇  王式功  李耀辉 《中国沙漠》2011,30(4):1037-1045

 利用2007年库姆塔格沙漠科学考察时自动气象站所获取的数据,分析了沙尘暴过境时库姆塔格沙漠气象要素的变化特征。以库姆塔格沙漠周边气象站点沙尘天气出现时间为依据,选取2008年所有沙尘天气过程,解读相应时间段内Micaps系统中各个层次的资料,客观分析了驱动库姆塔格沙漠沙尘天气爆发的动力成因,将天气形势分为4种类型:冷空气翻山型; 冷空气东灌型; 锋前热低压发展型; 局地对流型。冷空气翻山型与东灌型居多,共7次,锋前热低压发展型与局地对流型较少,仅为2次。利用库姆塔格沙漠北部1号气象站以及南部2号气象站资料,结合库姆塔格沙漠沙尘粒度分析资料,初步讨论了风对库姆塔格沙漠沙丘形态的影响。  相似文献   

对流参数在强对流天气潜势预测中的作用   总被引：27，自引：3，他引：27       下载免费PDF全文

刘玉玲 《气象科技》2003,31(3):147-151

文章结合强对流天气发生发展的物理机制，介绍了与浮力能和风切变有关的几个对流参数的物理概念和计算方法，并结合具体个例分析了这些参数在强对流天气潜势预测中的作用。  相似文献   

超温水体水面蒸发与散热研究：水面蒸发系数与散热系数全国通用公式（B）     

陈惠泉  毛世民 《水文科技情报》1993,10(2):52-57

  相似文献   

Improvement of the one-dimensional Vertical Advection-diffusion Model in Seawater     

王保栋  单宝田  战闰  王修林 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(1):34-39

The classical 1-D vertical advection-diffusion model was improved in this work.The main advantages of the improved model over the previous one are:1) The applicable condition of the 1-D model is made clear in the improved model,in that it is substantively applicable only to a vertical domain on which two end-member water masses are mixing.2) The substitution of parameter f(z) in the equation of the classical 1-D model with end-member fraction f1^z makes the model more precisely and easily solved.3) All the terms in the improved model equation have specific physical meanings,which makes the model easily understood.Practical application of the improved model to predict the vertical profiles of dissovled oxygen and micronutrients in abyssal ocean water of the North Pacific proved that the improvement of the 1-D advection-diffusion model is successful and practicable.  相似文献   

太阳大气铍丰度的衰减   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

熊大闰  邓李才 《天文学报》2003,44(1):1-2

Li和Be轻元素在温度仅几百万度时就因核反应而遭毁坏,因此它们是恒星演化过程的外层对流混合延伸程度很好的一种示踪。基于这种考虑,我们曾计算过太阳包层模型Li的衰减,得到一个同时满足日震学太阳对流区深度和太阳Li丰度观测要求的非局部太阳对流包层模型[1].Li丰度给出了一个非局部对流混合延伸程度的上限。  相似文献   

赤道东太平洋海温在副热带高压预报上的应用     

沙万英  李克让 《地理研究》1991,10(2):60-67

鉴于赤道东太平洋海温与副热带高压的相关事实,使用秋冬季海表温度预报夏季副高诸特征量,由此估计我国东部地区汛期雨带位置与降水分布特征。1976—87年的预报试验取得了明显的效果。本文还对其影响机制作了探讨。  相似文献