基于逻辑回归模型的环北京地区土地退化态势分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王静  何挺  郭旭东  刘爱霞 《地理科学进展》2005,24(5):23-32

以环北京地区为研究区域,从土地利用类型变化和农用地质量下降两个方面分析了环北京地区土地退化状况,并利用逻辑回归模型分析了土地退化与气候、地貌、植被、土壤、人口、土地利用变化、社会经济因子之间关系,探讨土地退化的发展趋势。研究结果表明,风蚀土地是环北京地区土地退化的主要类型,主要分布在监测区内蒙古高原西北部、坝上高原北部及阴山北部地区,从监测区的西北到东南方向,土地退化数量逐渐减少;由牧草地退化而增加沙地是土地利用类型变化造成退化的重要类型,主要集中在浑善达克沙地监测区。基于建立的沙地增加、风蚀土地和水蚀土地逻辑回归模型,年均降雨量和土壤有机质对环北京地区沙地增加的影响最强,沙地增加最可能的区域将主要分布在浑善达克沙地的边缘地带和科尔沁沙地的东部区域;NDVI和土壤有机质对环北京地区风蚀土地影响最强,风蚀土地最可能发生的区域集中在浑善达克沙地南部;NDVI、坡度和土壤湿度对环北京地区水蚀土地影响最强,水蚀土地最可能发生的区域集中在监测区的东南部,并且所预测的最可能发生土地退化的区域与已存在的退化土地区域具有一定的相关性。通过以上分析,最后提出了环北京地区生态环境建设的建议。  相似文献   

Change in the World City Network, 2000–2012     

Ben Derudder  Peter Taylor 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(4):624-637

This article presents a large-scale analysis of the trajectories of individual cities and regions in the world city network between 2000 and 2012. The methodology used to examine cities' evolving network centralities is based on advanced producer services firms “interlocking” cities through their worldwide distribution of offices. We do not limit our analysis to a limited set of putative world cities, but incorporate 157 cities from all world regions into this global urban analysis. Absolute and relative measures of change are developed to reveal the major dimensions of change. The most notable finding is that significant connectivity gains have been limited to a small set of cities (Dubai, Shanghai, Beijing, and Moscow in particular) in the face of persisting core–periphery patterns at the level of the global economy, with New York and London remaining firmly at the apex. At the same time, overall levels of connectivity in the world city network have clearly risen, suggesting an increasingly integrated network. In geographical terms, a west-to-east shift is discernible, albeit uneven.  相似文献   

北京居民对雾霾的感知及其旅游意愿和行为倾向研究     

彭建  张松  罗诗呷  杨璐 《世界地理研究》2016,(6):128-137

近年来,中国大陆频现大范围的空气污染问题,雾霾成为公众高度关注的热点,雾霾及其旅游影响成为新的学术研究问题。本文利用问卷调查的手段,借助问卷星和微信的问卷设计和传播平台,深入研究了北京居民对雾霾影响的感知及其旅游需求和决策行为倾向。研究表明：1）北京居民对雾霾的健康影响、心理影响和生活影响有强烈的感知,大多数北京居民认为北京的雾霾问题十分严重;2）严重雾霾的持续困扰下,北京居民有着逃离意愿强烈,雾霾刺激和强化了北京居民的旅游需求;3）北京居民对雾霾的感知有着明显的群体差异,高收入、高学历、在企事业单位工作和中青年人对雾霾的感知和态度尤其强烈。最后,作者讨论了本研究对于旅游营销的现实意义。  相似文献   

Assessing Changes in Rainstorms in Beijing During the Last 50 Years     

ZHANG Wei  LU Changhe 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2016,7(5):372-377

With global warming, rainstorms and other extreme weather events are occurring frequently, leading to urban waterlogging disasters. A study on spatiotemporal variation characteristics of rainstorms in urban areas can provide scientific support for the design of urban drainage facilities to mitigate the damage of urban flooding disasters. Drawing on daily rainfall data from 20 meteorological stations during 1960-2010, this study analyzed change trends for annual rainstorms in Beijing, using the Mann-Kendall approach and cumulative departure curve as methodology. The results show that annual days of rainstorms in Beijing decreased non-significantly, but the precipitation of rainstorms and annual maximum daily precipitation declined significantly. The frequency of rainstorms generally decreased from southeast to northwest, with the greatest decrease occurring in the southeast plain areas. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of rainstorm risk in Beijing.  相似文献   

Mesoproterozoic fluid events affecting Archean crust in the northern Olympic Cu–Au Province,Gawler Craton: insights from 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology     

A. J. Reid  F. Jourdan  E. A. Jagodzinski 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(1):103-119

The Olympic Cu–Au Province, Gawler Craton, is host to the Olympic Dam and Prominent Hill iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits. Both of these deposits and the region between the two are covered by Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic sediment, making inferences about prospectivity in this portion of the Olympic Domain reliant on geophysical interpretation and sparse drill hole information. We present new U–Pb zircon sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) dates from two basement intersecting drill holes in the region between Olympic Dam and Prominent Hill that show bimodal volcanism occurred at 2555 ± 5 Ma, and was followed by intrusion of tonalite at 2529 ± 6 Ma. Laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of biotite and muscovite from the tonalite yields ages around ca 2000 Ma, consistent with slow cooling trends observed in Archean rocks elsewhere in the northern Gawler Craton. Step heating experiments on K-feldspar from the same tonalite yields an age spectrum with older ages around 1740 Ma from the highest temperature steps becoming progressively younger to a minimum of 1565 Ma in the lowest temperature heating steps; this is consistent with either Paleoproterozic cooling to final closure of K-feldspar by 1565 Ma or a reheating event at ca 1565 Ma, with the latter more likely, given the evidence for sub-solidus alteration of the K-feldspar. Sericite within hematite–sericite–chlorite altered portions of the tonalite yield a poorly defined age of ca 1.6 Ga. Taken together the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data providing evidence for a fluid event affecting this region between Olympic Dam and Prominent Hill during the early Mesoproterozoic. Low temperature quartz–carbonate–adularia veins occur in <10 cm wide fractures within basalt in one drill hole in this region. Adularia from these veins yields ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages that span from ca 1.3–1.1 Ga. This age range is interpreted to approximate either the timing of adularia formation during a hydrothermal event or the timing of resetting of the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar systematics within the adularia as a result of fluid flow in this sample. This is evidence for a mid-Mesoproterozoic fluid event in the Gawler Craton and necessitates a reconsideration of the long-term stability of the craton, as it appears to have been affected, at least locally, by fluid flow related to a much larger event within the Australian continent, the Musgrave Orogeny.  相似文献   

面向特大城市的风环境容量指标和区划初探——以北京为例     

杜吴鹏  房小怡  刘勇洪  贺健  程宸  党冰  邢佩 《气候变化研究进展》2017,13(6):526-533

利用气象观测、高分辨率城市地理信息和卫星遥感数据,通过将气象类指标与城市类指标相结合,开展了北京地区风环境容量指标和区划的探索性研究。结果表明：水平风速和大气混合层厚度两个指标在空间上均呈北部和东部地区高、中心城区和西南地区低的特征;中心城核心区和卫星城的地表粗糙度长度较高,二环内老城区建筑多为平房,地表粗糙度长度小于二环外其他中心城区,形成较明显的空心环状结构;在中心城区外的植被地区,北部和西部山区粗糙度长度明显高于平原区;加权综合水平风速、大气混合层厚度和地表粗糙度长度3个指标,计算不同等级风环境容量指数阈值,在空间上西南地区的房山、门头沟、海淀、石景山、丰台以及中心城区的东城和西城等地风环境容量指数较低,其中二环至四环范围是风环境容量指数最低区域,这与北京经济、金融和商业中心空间分布一致;延庆、怀柔、密云的北部以及通州的绝大部分地区为风环境容量指数高值区,其他平原区多为中等风环境容量指数区。  相似文献   

连续干旱对北京平原区地下水的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王丽亚  郭海朋 《水文地质工程地质》2015,42(1):1-6

北京水资源主要由地表水和地下水资源组成,其中地下水供水量约占水资源开发利用总量的三分之二,显而易见地下水资源在北京城市可持续发展中起着尤其重要的作用。北京地区经历了1999—2011年连续12年的干旱。干旱对地下水资源有直接的影响,即减少了自然补给。同时,干旱增加了应急供水需求,导致了地下水开采量增加。分析了北京平原地下水资源及变化特征,应用标准化降水指数分析了近50年北京平原的干旱时间分布特征,建立并运用非稳定地下水模型分析了干旱对地下水资源储量消耗的直接和间接影响。研究显示干旱加速了地下水资源储量消耗和地下水位下降,在潮白河和永定河冲洪积扇尤其明显。为实现地下水可持续开发利用,必须采取措施控制地下水开采,增加地下水补给。针对北京市干旱发生状况和发展趋势,提出了应对干旱的管理措施。  相似文献   

GLOBK软件中测站坐标先验约束设置探讨     

田建波  刘新江  陈勤勤 《海洋测绘》2013,33(1):49-52

GLOBK软件采用卡尔曼滤波算法对基线解进行网平差,计算之前要对参考站的先验坐标施加适当的约束。使用我国大陆地区8个IGS站的相关数据,讨论了参考站先验坐标施加不同约束时对未知站坐标的影响,并对ITRF2008中各站坐标和速率的相互融洽度进行了分析,结果表明X、Y、Z三方向均约束在0.003～0.010m之间,解算质量较好。GLOBK在定义参考框架时能够自动剔除质量不好的参考站,平差时可以适当多选IGS站作为参考站。  相似文献   

重力异常阶方差模型的构建及在扰动场元频谱特征计算中的应用     

翟振和  任红飞  孙中苗 《测绘学报》2012,41(2):159-164

利用最新的全球引力位模型-EGM2008对经典的重力异常阶方差模型进行了分析比较,分析表明,经典的阶方差模型由于限于当时的观测条件,已经不能准确地描述扰动场元在各个频段的频谱分布。在Moritz阶方差模型基础上,利用EGM2008位模型获得的2160阶阶方差重新构建了新的分段重力异常阶方差模型-TSD模型,该模型与EGM2008位模型计算的阶方差比较其标准差和均值分别为0.25mgal2 、0.0 。利用TSD模型计算了不同频段内大地水准面高、重力异常、扰动重力、垂线偏差四个重力场扰动场元的频谱特征,计算结果表明：扰动场元频谱分布较之传统分析结果有较大的变化,其中重力异常、扰动重力及垂线偏差在中、低频部分的能量有明显的增加而高频及甚高频部分的比重有明显的减少。  相似文献   

近60年北京地区沙尘天气变化及路径分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张钛仁  张明伟  蒋建莹 《高原气象》2012,31(2):487-491

利用1951-2010年地面气象月报资料,根据北京发生沙尘天气情况下周围观测站发生沙尘天气的概率空间分布推断影响北京地区沙尘天气移动路径的方法,得到影响北京地区沙尘天气的主要通道是张掖—民勤—鄂托克前旗—大同—北京和锡林浩特盟二连浩特市—浑善达克沙地西部—张北—北京这两条路径之间。该区域内的巴丹吉林沙漠、乌兰布和沙漠、毛乌素沙地和浑善达克沙漠是影响北京地区沙尘天气的主要沙源地。  相似文献