SEDIMENT MOBILIZATION BY SURFACE EROSION IN MIDDLE MOUNTAIN CATCHMENTS OF NEPAL     

Juerg MERZ Gopal NAKARMI Pradeep M. DANGOL Madhav P. DHAKAL Bhawani S. DONGOL Rolf WEINGARTNER 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(3):180-199

1 INTRODUCTION Soil erosion in the foothills of the Hindu Kush-Himalayas (HKH) is considered to be a hot topic in land degradation research in the region (Scherr and Yadav, 1996). The land degradation research has mainly addressed the issue of topsoil los…  相似文献   

ICP-MS测定生物样品中的微量金属元素     

王佳丽  李东雷  段英楠 《吉林地质》2007,26(4):69-72

采用SP-60型恒压消解罐消解生物样品,用ICP-MS测定8种金属元素(Mn、Zn、Pb、La、Ce、Mo、Cr和Fe)的质量分数。依据分析结果,比较了消解程序的效果。结果表明,由10.0 mLHNO3对生物样品具有很好的消解能力,各元素的测定值与推荐值相符。  相似文献   

江苏-南黄海地区未来地震形势的统计分析     

门可佩  曾卫 《高原地震》1998,(3)

根据１５００年以来的地震资料,应用数理统计、灰色预测、干支６０周期分析等多种方法,对江苏—南黄海地区未来３～５年地震形势进行分析和预测,结果表明：该区目前处于本世纪第２活跃幕中后期,未来几年内依然存在５～６级地震的危险性,至２０００年７月,累积发震概率将达到０．７～０．８,１９９９—２０００年、２００２—２００３年均有可能发生５级以上中强地震。  相似文献   

C_(60)研究现状及前景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨翔  李嘉 《地学前缘》1998,5(1):163-170

碳除了具有传统观念上的石墨和金刚石两种同素异形体外,近年来人们又发现了第三种同素异形体———Ｃ６０。Ｃ６０以其独特的类似足球状的结构及性能,吸引了各国的科学家,对Ｃ６０的研究在全世界范围内如火如荼地开展起来。笔者在总结Ｃ６０的合成技术、分子结构与性能的基础上,探索了Ｃ６０作为一种新型材料所具有的应用潜力;回顾了从Ｃ６０发现至今十多年的研究历程,并首次将Ｃ６０的研究过程分成三个阶段,即起步阶段（１９８５年～１９９０年）、起飞阶段（１９９１年～１９９３年）和成熟阶段（１９９４年以后）;预测了Ｃ６０及其化合物的应用性研究将成为今后研究的重点和热点。最后,对当前Ｃ６０研究中存在的问题和难点进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Application of an ecosystem model for the environmental assessment of the reclamation and mitigation plans for seagrass beds in Atsumi Bay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Akio Sohma  Yasuyuki Sekiguchi  Kisaburo Nakata 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

An ecosystem model was used to evaluate the effects of reclaiming seagrass beds and creating artificial shallows with seagrass beds to mitigate the effects of the reclamation. The applied model can simulate the pelagic and benthic ecosystems including seagrass beds and tidal flats. The objectives of this study were (a) to investigate the likelihood of cultivating and maintaining seagrass beds in artificial shallows (Part 1), and (b) to understand the effects of the reclamation of seagrass beds and the creation of artificial shallows on the water quality in the estuary (Part 2). In Part 1, first, the nutrient turnover rates due to both biochemical and physical processes in the natural seagrass beds where reclamation is proposed were analyzed. Biological processes rather than physical processes were the most significant driving forces of nutrient cycles in seagrass beds. Second, the effects of filter feeding benthic fauna (suspension feeders) in the seagrass beds were analyzed. The scenario with suspension feeders resulted in higher transparency of the water column (8.7% decrease in the light attenuation coefficient) and an increase in nutrient supply (24.9% increase in NH₄-N in the water column) contributing to the high specific growth rate of seagrass. Third, the specific growth rate of seagrass on the proposed artificial shallows was measured. The value on the artificial shallows set at a depth of datum line minus 0.8 m (D.L. − 0.8 m) was approximately the same as that of the natural seagrass beds. In Part 2, first, water quality in the estuary was compared among the scenarios with/without natural seagrass beds and artificial shallows. Then, the defined values of the water purification capability of (a) artificial shallows with/without seagrass beds, and (b) natural seagrass beds per unit area were evaluated. The reclamation of the natural seagrass beds resulted in a decrease of the removal of phytoplankton and detritus from the pelagic system (i.e. resulted in a loss in the purification rate). In contrast, the creation of artificial shallows resulted in an increase of the removal of phytoplankton and detritus from the pelagic system (i.e. resulted in a gain in the purification rate). Based on an annual average, approximately twice as much phytoplankton was removed from the artificial shallows at the depth D.L. − 0.8 m, than at the depth, D.L. − 1.5 m, and the artificial shallows with seagrass beds removed pelagic DIN and DIP at a rate 120% higher than that without seagrass beds.  相似文献   

Exploring the X-ray spectral variability of MCG–6-30-15 with XMM–Newton     

J. Larsson  A. C. Fabian  G. Miniutti  R. R. Ross 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,376(1):348-352

We present a study of the spectral variability of the Seyfert I galaxy MCG–6-30-15 based on the two long XMM–Newton observations from 2000 and 2001. The X–ray spectrum and variability properties of the 2001 data have previously been well described with a two-component model consisting of a variable power-law and a much less variable reflection component, containing a broad relativistic iron line from the accretion disc around a rapidly rotating Kerr black hole. The lack of variability of the reflection component has been interpreted as an effect of strong gravitational light bending very close to the central black hole. Using an improved reflection model, we fit the two-component model to time-resolved spectra of both observations. Assuming that the photon index of the power law is constant, we reconfirm the old result and show that this does not depend on the time-scale of the analysis.  相似文献   

Quantitative assessment of dissolved radiotracers in the English Channel: Sources, average impact of la Hague reprocessing plant and conservative behaviour (1983, 1986, 1988, 1994)     

P. Bailly du Bois  P. Guguniat 《Continental Shelf Research》1999,19(15-16)

Knowledge of long-term movements of water-masses in the English Channel has been substantially improved using hydrodynamic modelling coupled with radio-tracers studies; nevertheless, the precision of results so obtained is still largely dependent on measurement precision. New tools are now available to make more accurate determinations of radio-tracer distribution: (1) Repositioning of station locations at the same tide reference-time, giving a homogeneous spatial data set, coupled with the possibility of interpolating and quantifying the amounts of dissolved radioactivity flowing through the English Channel; (2) the first measurements of tritium (³H) in seawater on a large scale in the English Channel demonstrate that this fully conservative radionuclide is a clearly identifiable marker of industrial releases; (3) recent campaigns carried out during the FLUXMANCHE II CCE (1994) programme show the general distribution of dissolved radionuclides ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³⁴Cs, ⁶⁰Co, ¹²⁵Sb, ¹⁰⁶Ru and ³H in the English Channel and the Irish Sea; and (4) the re-utilisation of data from previous campaigns (1983, 1986, 1988) provides indications, at any given location in the English Channel, about the average dilution and distribution of releases derived from the La Hague reprocessing plant. Excesses and losses of radionuclides are now quantified with respect to known source terms; estimates of losses are provided for non-conservative radionuclides, while an excess of ¹³⁷Cs was observed in the English Channel during the period 1983–1994. This excess, which has the same order of magnitude as the quantities released from La Hague plant in the English Channel, could be explained by about 1% of the Sellafield reprocessing plant releases entering the Channel. These results confirm and give a more detailed picture of the previously known distribution of water masses in the English Channel. They lead to clear information about transit times and dilution at this scale, and provide directly comparable data for the validation of hydrodynamic models.  相似文献   

基于ICESat-2 ATLAS数据的DEM高程精度评价     

丁夏萌  张继贤  郭婧  张鹤  常亚茹 《测绘通报》2022,(12):84-90

为探究ASTER GDEMV3、SRTM1 DEM和AW3D30 DEM 3种开源DEM数据的高程精度,本文以高精度ICESat-2 ATLAS测高数据为参考数据,利用GIS统计分析、误差相关分析及数理统计对DEM的高程精度进行对比评价。结果表明：①AW3D30的质量最稳定;SRTM1 DEM在平原精度最高;在高原山地精度由高到低依次为AW3D30 DEM、ASTER GDEMV3、SRTM1 DEM。②DEM数据高程精度受地表覆盖影响较大,且与地形因素密切相关,在相同地表覆盖的两个研究区中DEM数据高程精度表现情况不一致,SRTM在平原地表覆盖下精度表现最好,平均误差为3.15 m,AW3D30 DEM在山地地表覆盖下精度表现最好,平均误差为7.61 m。③坡度对DEM数据的高程精度影响较大,在两个研究区3种DEM数据的高程误差均随坡度的增加而增加;坡向对DEM数据的高程精度影响较小,未发现明显的规律。  相似文献   

基于CLDAS融合降水的中国降雨侵蚀力研究          下载免费PDF全文

梁宇靖  沈润平  师春香  邢雅洁  孙帅 《干旱区地理》2022,45(5):1333-1346

气象站和卫星降雨资料估算降雨侵蚀力时存在无法反映空间异质性且精度差的问题,基于CLDAS多源融合降水,利用EI₆₀模型从不同的时空尺度对中国的降雨侵蚀力进行评估,并结合降雨量、侵蚀性降雨次数、侵蚀密度等指标,探讨降雨对土壤侵蚀的潜在作用。结果表明：（1） CLDAS降雨侵蚀力与地面实测数据在不同的时间尺度均有良好的回归关系,相关系数达到0.8以上,与CMORPH降雨侵蚀力相比,其相对误差显著降低,可以准确反映全国范围的降雨侵蚀力季节性变异。（2） 在2001—2020年,不同雨量区的降雨侵蚀力、降雨量和侵蚀性降雨次数的变化趋势基本一致,高雨量区的年际变化波动剧烈,侵蚀性降雨次数和暴雨过程协同影响降雨侵蚀力的大小。（3） 空间上,中国的降雨侵蚀力值的特点为东南沿海地区高、西北内陆地区低。时间上,侵蚀性降雨集中在5—8月,夏、秋两季对土壤造成的侵蚀影响更大。（4） 通过对年降雨量、年侵蚀密度和年暴雨量进行分区定量分析,结果表明暴雨量与侵蚀密度成正相关关系,即年降雨量一定,暴雨事件越多,降雨侵蚀密度越大。  相似文献   

Radio detections of the neutron star X-ray binaries 4U 1820 − 30 and Ser X-1 in soft X-ray states     

S. Migliari  R. P. Fender  M. Rupen  S. Wachter  P. G. Jonker  J. Homan  M. van der Klis 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,351(1):186-192

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