论气候变暖背景下干旱和干旱灾害风险特征与管理策略简   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhang Qiang  Han Lanying  Zhang Liyang  Wang Jingsong 《地球科学进展》2014,29(1):80-91

The drought is a most severe natural disaster worldwide, which leads to great risk in human being. The drought disaster and risk have more prominent because of obvious climatic warming in the last hundred years. At present, the understanding of the internal laws of the occurrence of drought and drought risk is not comprehensive, and the recognition of the characteristics of the drought and drought risk under climatic warming is obscure. In this paper, we summarized systematically the domestic and overseas research progress of the drought and drought disaster risk, introduced the principle of the drought disaster transfer process and the essential features of drought disaster, analyzed synthetically the main characteristics and interactions among the key factors of the drought disaster risk, discussed the effect of climatic warming on drought and drought disaster risk, and probed into the basic requirement of drought disaster risk management. Above all, we provide the main protective measurements of the drought disaster and the main strategy of drought disaster risk management.  相似文献   

Low‐cost monitoring of snow height and thermal properties with inexpensive temperature sensors     

Dominik E. Reusser  Erwin Zehe 《水文研究》2011,25(12):1841-1852

Small, self‐recording temperature sensors were installed at several heights along a metal rod at five locations in a case study catchment. For each sensor, the presence or absence of snow cover was determined on the basis of its insulating effect and the resulting reduction of the diurnal temperature oscillations. Sensor coverage was then converted into a time series of snow height for each location. Additionally, cold content was calculated. Snow height and cold content provide valuable information for spring flood prediction. Good agreement of estimated snow heights with reference measurements was achieved and increased discharge in the study catchment coincided with low cold content of the snow cover. The results of the proposed distributed assessment of snow cover and snow state show great potential for (i) flood warning, (ii) assimilation of snow state data and (iii) modelling snowmelt process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Experimental determination of the surface photometric contribution in the spectral reflectance deconvolution processes for a simulated martian crater-like regolithic target     

Aurélien M. Cord  Patrick C. Pinet  Yves Daydou  Serge D. Chevrel 《Icarus》2005,175(1):78-91

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星载GPS伪距测量数据质量分析     

王甫红  刘基余 《测绘科学技术学报》2007,24(2):97-99

研究了星载GPS伪距测量精度评定方法以及粗差的探测方法,用自编的软件对CHAMP卫星和SAC-C卫星的星载GPS实测数据进行了详细的分析.结果表明:随着卫星高度角的不同,多路径效应与伪距测量噪声对星载GPS伪距测量精度的影响在0.5～3.0 m之间;CHAMP和SAC-C星载GPS观测数据中,伪距粗差观测值所占的比例分别达到1.2%和3.0%.  相似文献   

桂北376铀矿床烃气地球化学研究     

莫连 《地质与勘探》2023,59(5):1027-1042

烃气测量法在锡、金、铜、铅锌等金属矿床找矿中得到了广泛应用,而该技术在花岗岩型铀矿找矿中的应用鲜有报道。本文对桂北376铀矿床已知矿体开展了烃气测量试验,结果显示：相较于其他金属矿,该铀矿区花岗岩和土壤中总烃含量极低,而且花岗岩总烃含量(平均19.42μL/kg)高于上覆土壤(平均6.32μL/kg)。花岗岩中U与多数烃气组分呈负相关,与重烃呈正相关,重烃在U迁移过程中作用强于轻烃;花岗岩烃气标准化配分模式以C₁、iC₄和C₂^-正异常为特征;铀矿化程度与iC₄/nC₄、(C₁+iC₄+C₂^-)/(C₂+C₃+nC₄)及C₂^-/C₃^-比值呈正相关,与C₂₊/∑C比值呈负相关等可为寻找铀矿提供依据。3...  相似文献   

轨道交通整体床道测量     

管鑫 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(2):202-203,206

本文从地铁床道测量的意义出发,结合轨道交通八号线二期工程,介绍了轨道交通整体床道测量技术设计、作业方法、数据采集、成果分析,以及在作业过程中的注意事项.  相似文献   

Trend and Interannual Variability of Chinese Air Pollution since 2000 in Association with Socioeconomic Development: A brief Overview          下载免费PDF全文

LIN Jin-Tai  PAN D  ZHANG Rui-Xiong 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,6(2):84-89

air pollution, trend and variability, socioeconomic development, satellite measurements, bottom-up emission inventories, top-down constraints  相似文献   

A STUDY ON SATELLITE DATA ASSIMILATION WITH DIFFERENT ATOVS IN TYPHOON NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS     

董海萍  李兴武  郭卫东  高太长 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2013,19(3):242-252

Based on the newly developed Weather Research and Forecasting model(WRF)and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR)system,this study constructed twelve experiments to explore the impact of direct assimilation of different ATOVS radiance on the intensity and track simulation of super-typhoon Fanapi(2010)using a data assimilation cycle method.The result indicates that the assimilation of ATOVS radiance could improve typhoon intensity effectively.The average bias of the central sea level pressure(CSLP)drops to 18 hPa,compared to 42 hPa in the experiment without data assimilation.However,the influence due to different radiance data is not significant,which is less than 6hPa on average,implying limited improvement from sole assimilation of ATOVS radiance.The track issue is studied in the following steps.First,the radiance from the same sensor of different satellites could produce different effect.For the AMSU-A,NOAA-15 and NOAA-18,they produce equivalent improvement,whereas NOAA-16 produces slightly poor effect.And for the AMSU-B,NOAA-15 and NOAA-16,they produce equivalent and more positive effect than that provided by the AMSU-A.Second,the assimilation radiance from different sensors of the identical satellites could also produce different effect.The assimilation of AMSU-B produces the largest improvement,while the ameliorating effect of HIRS/3assimilation is inferior to that of AMSU-B assimilation,while the AMSU-A assimilation exhibits the poorest improvement.Moreover,the simultaneous assimilation of different radiance could not produce further improvement.Finally,the experiments of simultaneous assimilation radiance from multiple satellites indicate that such assimilation may lead to negative effect due to accumulative bias when adding various radiance data into the data assimilation system.Thus the assimilation of ATOVS radiance from a single satellite may perform better than that from two or three satellites.  相似文献   

中国大气气溶胶辐射特性参数的观测与研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

范学花  陈洪滨  夏祥鳌 《大气科学》2013,37(2):477-498

长期系统的气溶胶辐射特性观测资料是定量研究气溶胶辐射和气候效应的重要基础.本文综合介绍中国大气气溶胶辐射特性观测与研究现状和成果,重点包括以下内容:地面太阳光度计联网观测气溶胶光学厚度、单次散射反照率、尺度谱;从全波段太阳辐射反演气溶胶光学厚度、单次散射反照率;浊度计和黑碳仪测量地面气溶胶散射系数和吸收系数;地基/星载激光雷达观测气溶胶(后向散射系数)垂直分布;极轨/静止卫星遥感反演气溶胶光学特性.  相似文献   

RELATIVE MOTION AND DEFORMATION OF PACIFIC PLATE FROM SPACE GEODESY     

Jin Shuanggen  Zhu Wenyao 《大地测量与地球动力学》2003,23(Z1)

1　IntroductionThroughoutthegeologicalhistory ,almostallthetectonicplateactivities,suchasearthquakes,volcaniceruption ,andmountainbuilding ,takeplaceatactiveplateboundaries.Forexample,approxi mately 90 percentoftheearthquakesoccuratactiveplateboundaries[1 - 4 ] ,andthehighestmountainsofTibetandAndesresultfromthecontinualcollisionbetweenIndiaandAsia ,NazcaandSouthAmericaplates,respectively .Aplateboundaryisafracturethatseparatesaplatefromanother;theneighboringplatesmoverelativetooneanotherin…  相似文献