Cacti–shrub interactions in the coastal desert of northern Sinaloa, Mexico     

Alvaro Reyes-Olivas  Edmundo García-Moya  Lauro Lpez&#x;Mata 《Journal of Arid Environments》2002,52(4):431

Spatial patterns and replacement in ten cacti were studied on an island of the coastal desert of Sinaloa, México. Four platyopuntias had 74–92% of their individuals beneath shrub canopies, whereas three globose cacti, one columnar cactus and two cylindropuntias had similar or higher percentages of individuals in open spaces. This study advances the idea that open-space colonization is enhanced by less harsh physical and biotic conditions in coastal deserts, and by certain morphological and physiological adaptations of cacti. The absence of nurse-shrub replacement is understood as a result of induced co-existence by physical damage from cyclones in the coastal zone.  相似文献   

模糊区域拓扑关系模型   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

唐新明  方裕  Wolfgang Kainz 《地理与地理信息科学》2003,19(2):1-10

拓扑关系是地理信息系统中空间要素之间最基本也是最重要的关系之一，是进行绝大多数空间查询和分析的基础。非模糊空间要素之间的拓扑关系在一般拓扑学等理论的基础上已有相关的模型和描述，并在实践中得到广泛的应用，如何建立模糊空间要素这间的拓扑关系是建立模糊要素地理信息系统的基础。该文在模糊扑扑学的基础上提出了模糊区域的定义，建立了用于分析模糊区域之间拓扑关系的理论和模型，提出了4*4-intersection模型拓扑关系矩阵，并分析了不同拓扑关系矩阵对于非模糊区域之间、模糊区域之间建立拓扑关系的区别和联系，最后采和不同公式对模糊区域之间的关系进行了系统的描述。  相似文献   

Rivers, chemical weathering and Earth's climate   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Bernard Dupr  Cline Dessert  Priscia Oliva  Yves Goddris  Jrme Viers  Louis Franois  Romain Millot  Jrme Gaillardet 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(16):1141-1160

We detail the results of recent studies describing and quantifying the large-scale chemical weathering of the main types of continental silicate rocks: granites and basalts. These studies aim at establishing chemical weathering laws for these two lithologies, describing the dependence of chemical weathering on environmental parameters, such as climate and mechanical erosion. As shown within this contribution, such mathematical laws are of primary importance for numerical models calculating the evolution of the partial pressure of atmospheric CO₂ and the Earth climate at geological timescales. The major results can be summarized as follow: (1) weathering of continental basaltic lithologies accounts for about 30% of the total consumption of atmospheric CO₂ through weathering of continental silicate rocks. This is related to their high weatherability (about eight times greater than the granite weatherability); (2) a simple weathering law has been established for basaltic lithologies, giving the consumption of atmospheric CO₂ as a function of regional continental runoff, and mean annual regional temperature; (3) no such simple weathering law can be proposed for granitic lithologies, since the effect of temperature can only be identified for regions displaying high continental runoff; (4) a general law relating mechanical erosion and chemical weathering has been validated on small and large catchments. The consequences of these major advances on the climatic evolution of the Earth are discussed. Particularly, the impacts of the onset of the Deccan trapps and the Himalayan orogeny on the global carbon cycle are reinvestigated. To cite this article: B. Dupré et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

应用IAP9L-AGCM对2002年中国夏季气候的预测及效果检验   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

郎咸梅  王会军  周广庆  姜大膀 《南京气象学院学报》2004,27(1):29-35

利用中科院大气所9层大气环流格点模式(IAP9L—AGCM)和IAP—ENSO预测系统对2002年中国夏季气候进行实时集合预测及其检验。结果显示，IAP9L—AGCM较好地预测出了2002年夏季我国大范围旱涝的分布形势，如华南、我国西部多雨，黄河和长江流域之间大范围干旱等；850hPa减弱的夏季风、青藏高原辐散中心以及北太平洋上空的异常气旋性环流中心亦被较好地预报出来；不足的是，模式对降水异常细致分布的预测能力有限。预测结果还表明，该模式对夏季(6—8月)平均降水的预报技巧要高于月平均状况，且月平均预报的准确度从6—8月依次递减。  相似文献   

库区塌岸空间信息管理系统构建   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

何政伟  黄润秋  许强  赵银兵 《物探化探计算技术》2004,26(4):341-345

以ArcGIS为平台，扩展其专业功能，建立一套集库区塌岸预测与防治有关的基本信息采集、信息管理、预测评价，以及塌岸防治工程决策于一体的“库区塌岸信息管理系统及防治决策支持系统”。建立起库区各数据库和各库岸段的塌岸模式数据库，结合典型塌岸防治实例、专家经验、专家知识，建立塌岸防治决策支持系统，为库区塌岸防治工程的宏观决策提供技术支撑，同时也可对重大灾情进行及时预警预报提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

Imaging the ramp–décollement geometry of the Chelungpu fault using coseismic GPS displacements from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake     

Kaj M. Johnson  Paul Segall 《Tectonophysics》2004,378(1-2):123-139

We use coseismic GPS data from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake to estimate the subsurface shape of the Chelungpu fault that ruptured during the earthquake. Studies prior to the earthquake suggest a ramp–décollement geometry for the Chelungpu fault, yet many finite source inversions using GPS and seismic data assume slip occurred on the down-dip extension of the Chelungpu ramp, rather than on a sub-horizontal décollement. We test whether slip occurred on the décollement or the down-dip extension of the ramp using well-established methods of inverting GPS data for geometry and slip on faults represented as elastic dislocations. We find that a significant portion of the coseismic slip did indeed occur on a sub-horizontal décollement located at 8 km depth. The slip on the décollement contributes 21% of the total modeled moment release. We estimate the fault geometry assuming several different models for the distribution of elastic properties in the earth: homogeneous, layered, and layered with lateral material contrast across the fault. It is shown, however, that heterogeneity has little influence on our estimated fault geometry. We also investigate several competing interpretations of deformation within the E/W trending rupture zone at the northern end of the 1999 ground ruptures. We demonstrate that the GPS data require a 22- to 35-km-long lateral ramp at the northern end, contradicting other investigations that propose deformation is concentrated within 10 km of the Chelungpu fault. Lastly, we propose a simple tectonic model for the development of the lateral ramp.  相似文献   

基于DOM的宁波市城市用地调查     

葛纪坤 《现代测绘》2004,27(2):38-39

介绍以DOM，进行城市用地调查方式，极大的提高了调查的效率。  相似文献   

铺就GIS全球化之路--解读g.net   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张伟锋  吴健平 《测绘信息与工程》2004,29(1):17-19

介绍了g.net的体系结构,阐明了其特征和关键技术,以ArcGIS为例说明了它的具体实现,为实现地理信息和服务的全球化提供了可能.  相似文献   

Intermittent chaos in nonlinear wave–wave interactions in space plasmas     

Rodrigo A. Miranda  Erico L. Rempel  Abraham C.-L. Chian  Felix A. Borotto 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2005,67(17-18):1852

There is increasing observational evidence of nonlinear wave–wave interactions in space and astrophysical plasmas. We first review a number of theoretical models of nonlinear wave–wave interactions which our group has developed in the past years. We next describe a nonlinear three-mode truncated model of Alfvén waves, involving resonant interactions of one linearly unstable mode and two linearly damped modes. We construct a bifurcation diagram for this three-wave model and investigate the phenomenon of intermittent chaos. The theoretical results presented in this paper can improve our understanding of intermittent time series frequently observed in space and astrophysical plasmas.  相似文献   

Geochemical Information Indicating the Water Recharge to Lakes and Immovable Megadunes in the Badain Jaran Desert   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CHEN Jiansheng  ZHAO Xi  SHENG Xuefeng  Wang Jiyang  GU Weizu  and CHEN Liang State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources  Hydraulic Engineering  Hohai University  Nanjing  Jiangsu  E-mail: jschen@hhu.edu.cn Institute of Isotope Hydrology Research  Hohai University  Nanjing  Jiangsu Institute of Geology  Geophysics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(4):540-546

1 Introduction The Badain Jaran Desert, located in western Inner Mongolia, China, has a unique landscape containing 144 lakes (72 of which are still watery) with a total water area of about 23 km2, and the world’s highest stationary sand dunes with a height between 200 m and 500 m. Much attention has been paid to the water recharge of the desert in the past decade. Investigations on the resources of water system there have been performed continuously since the early 1990s, which lead to th…  相似文献