Dominant climate factors influencing the Arctic runoff and association between the Arctic runoff and sea ice     

LI Pixue  ZHANG Zhanhai  LIU Jiping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):10-20

By using the Arctic runoff data from R-ArcticNET V4.0 and ArcticRIMS, trends of four major rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean, whose climate factor plays an important role in determining the variability of the Arctic runoff, are investigated. The results show that for the past 30 years, the trend of the Arctic runoff is seasonally dependent. There is a significant trend in spring and winter and a significant decreasing trend in summer, leading to the reduced seasonal cycle. In spring, surface air temperature is the dominant factor influencing the four rivers. In summer, precipitation is the most important factor for Lena and Mackenzie, while snow cover is the most important factor for Yenisei and Ob. For Mackenzie, atmospheric circulation does play an important role for all the seasons, which is not the case for the Eurasian rivers. The authors further discuss the relationships between the Arctic runoff and sea ice. Significant negative correlation is found at the mouth of the rivers into the Arctic Ocean in spring, while significant positive correlation is observed just at the north of the mouths of the rivers into the Arctic in summer. In addition, each river has different relationship with sea ice in the eastern Greenland Sea.  相似文献   

南北两极海冰的涛动关系          下载免费PDF全文

解思梅  包澄澜  郝春江 《极地研究》1994,6(3):41-55

本文将南极海冰分为４个区：ＳＰＩ１（０°－１２０°Ｅ），东南极海冰；ＳＰＩ２（１２０°Ｅ－１２０°Ｗ），以罗斯海为主体的海冰区；ＳＰＩ３（１２０°Ｗ－０°），以威德尔海为主体的海冰区；ＳＰＩ４，全南极海冰区。北极海冰区分为３个区：ＮＰＩ１（９０°Ｅ－１８０°－９０°Ｗ），太平洋侧冰区；ＮＰＩ２（９０°Ｗ－０°－９０°Ｅ），大西洋侧冰区；ＮＰＩ３，全北极冰区。本文使用了ＷＤＣ－Ａ的ＳＩＧＲＩＤ海冰资料，以分析南极和北极各冰区之间的相互关系。发现两极各冰区之间存在着非常复杂的相互作用。其中最突出的特征是：两极海冰之间相互作用的振源是ＮＰＩ２。ＳＰＩ３是影响南极海冰的正反馈中心。ＳＰＩ２则是南北两极海冰的负反馈中心。ＮＰＩ２，ＳＰＩ３和ＳＰＩ２之间的相互作用最强，形成涛动关系。这种涛动关系不是同时期的，而是有较长的滞后时间差。两极海冰形成周期变化，其周期为５－６年，正与ＮＰＩ２和ＳＰＩ３自身变化周期一致。另外还有更长的循环周期９－１１年  相似文献   

Paleolimnological significance of observed distribution patterns of chrysophyte cysts in arctic pond environments     

Marianne S. V. Douglas  John P. Smol 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1995,13(1):79-83

In a survey of 35 high arctic ponds, chrysophycean cysts were relatively more common in moss periphyton and epilithon habitats, than in surface sediment samples. The highest percentages of cysts relative to diatoms were found in the semi-aquatic mosses. Although chrysophytes are generally considered to be planktonic, periphytic taxa may be common in high latitudes. The ratio of diatom frustules to chrysophyte cysts in arctic sediment cores may be tracking different environmental variables than paleolimnologists may intuitively expect based on observations from more temperate regions.  相似文献   

NOAA WP-3D instrumentation and flight operations on AGASP-II     

R. C. Schnell  T. B. Watson  B. A. Bodhaine 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):3-16

The second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II) was conducted across the non-Soviet Arctic in March and April 1986, to study the aerosol, gaseous, chemical, and optical properties of Arctic haze. One component of the program was supported with an instrumented NOAA WP-3D atmospheric research aircraft. Measurements of wind, temperature, ozone, water vapor, condensation nucleus concentration, and aerosol scattering extinction coefficient were used to determine the locations and properties of haze layers. The first three NOAA WP-3D research flights were conducted north of Barrow, Alaska, and over the Beaufort Sea northeast of Barter Island, Alaska. The next three sampled conditions in the high Arctic near Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada. All basic meteorological, gas, and aerosol systems are described. The WP-3D flight tracks and operations are presented.  相似文献   

Arctic hazes in summer over Greenland and the North American Arctic: II. Nature and concentrations of accumulation-mode and giant particles     

Yutaka Ishizaka  Peter V. Hobbs  Lawrence F. Radke 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):149-159

Airborne measurements made during August 1985 over Greenland and its environs show that both accumulation-mode (0.1 m D2.0 m) and giant (D2 m) particles were present in relatively high concentrations in arctic haze layers and that the accumulation-mode particles dominated light scattering. Particles with diameters (D) between 1 and 4 m consisted predominately of mixed materials, small and dense inclusions, and probably organic compounds containing sulfur. Many of the particles from 0.1 to 1 m in diameter were also of mixed composition, with sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate and organics probably the dominant constituents.  相似文献   

Meteorology and haze structure during AGASP-II,Part 1: Alaskan Arctic flights, 2–10 April 1986     

G. A. Herbert  R. C. Schnell  H. A. Bridgman  B. A. Bodhaine  S. J. Oltmans  G. E. Shaw 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):17-48

The second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II) was conducted across the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic in April 1986, to study the in situ aerosol, and the chemical and optical properties of Arctic haze. The NOAA WP-3D aircraft, with special instrumentation added, made six flights during AGASP-II. Measurements of wind, pressure, temperature, ozone, water vapor, condensation nuclei (CN) concentration, and aerosol scattering extinction (b_sp) were used to determine the location of significant haze layers. The measurements made on the first three flights, over the Arctic Ocean north of Barrow and over the Beaufort Sea north of Barter Island, Alaska are discussed in detail in this report of the first phase of AGASP II. In the Alaskan Arctic the WP-3D detected a large and persistent region of haze between 960 and 750 mb, in a thermally stable layer, on 2, 8, and 9 April 1986. At its most dense, the haze contained CN concentrations >10,000 cm^–3 and b_sp of 80×10^–6 m^–1 suggesting active SO₂ to H₂SO₄ gas-to-particle conversion. Calculations based upon observed SO₂ concentrations and ambient relative humidities suggest that 10⁴–10⁵ small H₂SO₄ droplets could have been produced in the haze layers. High concentrations of sub-micron H₂SO₄ droplets were collected in haze. Ozone concentrations were 5–10 ppb higher in the haze layers than in the surrounding troposphere. Outside the regions of haze, CN concentrations ranged from 100 to 400 cm^–3 and b_sp values were about (20–40)×10^–6 m^–1. Air mass trajectories were computed to depict the air flow upwind of regions in which haze was observed. In two cases the back trajectories and ground measurements suggested the source to be in central Europe.  相似文献   

北极地区斯匹次卑尔根岛的构造演变     

卢顺容 《地球科学》1985,(2)

斯匹次卑尔根岛是斯瓦尔巴特群岛中最大的岛屿,具有较全的地质时代记录、反映多次构造运动的构造现象。本文从构造组合的观点,对斯匹次卑尔根岛的构造划分为东西向、南北向、北北西向三组方向,它们反映了本区自元古代以来至少经历了三次不同方向的构造应力场作用。  相似文献   

北极海冰面积变化与大气遥相关型   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

蒋全荣  王春红 《气象科学》1995,15(4):158-165

本文综述了北极海注面积变化与大气遥相关型研究工作中的一些主要结果。诊断分析表明，北极海冰面积变化具有３－４年的振荡周期，大气中的遥相关型不仅与海冰面积变化的区域有关，还与海冰面积的振荡频率有关。海冰面积变化与大气遥相关型是互相维持的，一方的加强有利于另一方的加强，本文最后还对北极海冰和赤道中，东太平洋海温对北半年冬半年中纬度大气环流影响的相似性等问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

全球变化中的北极碳汇：现状与未来     

高众勇  陈立奇  CAI Wei-jun  WANG Yong-chen 《地球科学进展》2007,22(8):857-865

由于海冰覆盖，北极碳汇（Arctic Carbon Sink）在全球碳通量预算中经常被忽略或简单处理。但随着全球变化加剧，北极发生快速变化，北极碳循环及其对全球变化的响应与反馈日趋重要。综合对北极碳汇的研究结果，分析了北极碳汇的来源、变化以及主要调控因子，评估了北极碳汇现状。探讨了在全球变化中，影响北极碳汇变化的因素及其对未来北极碳汇变化趋势的影响。   相似文献   

Sedimentary cover of the Lomonosov Ridge: Stratigraphy,structure, deposition history,and ages of seismic facies units     

B. I. Kim  Z. I. Glezer 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(4):401-420

Seismic and geological information on the Lomonosov Ridge is considered with reference to drilling data obtained during the ACEX-302 expedition. A new zonation proposed for the composite section of the ridge sedimentary cover and based on marine microfossils (silicoflagellates and dinocysts) from several boreholes is correlated with biostratigraphic zones of Paleogene sections in northern West Siberia. Principal stages of the Arctic basin development in the Aptian-Cenozoic are defined in onshore and Lomonosov Ridge sections. Synchronous formation of sedimentary sequences in the ridge, an element of the Arctic basin, shelves, and epicontinental seas is established for the period under consideration.  相似文献