基于自动站观测的北京夏季降水特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑祚芳  祁文  李青春  李林 《气候与环境研究》2015,20(2):201-208

应用2007~2011年北京地区237个自动气象站资料,分析了北京夏季降水的精细化时空分布特征及城郊差异,结果表明:(1)北京大部分地区夏季平均有效降水时数约120~160 h,降水时数高值区主要位于北部怀柔、密云山前迎风坡一带。城、郊区间有效降水时数差异并不明显,城市化对局地降水强度有较明显影响。(2)北京夏季降水主要出现在傍晚到前半夜,凌晨到正午降水较少出现。夏季平均降水量极大值出现在17:00(北京时间),为3.2 mm/h。降水量存在较明显的周期变化特征,其中7 d左右的周期是主周期。(3)夏季城区平均降水量多于郊区,城、郊雨量差异主要来自较强降水过程。城市效应会导致城区弱降水事件的减少,亦会导致较强降水事件的增多。(4)城、郊区间降水持续时长的差异主要由较强降水过程决定,多数情况下城区降水持续时长大于郊区,午后到前半夜发生的降水尤甚。  相似文献   

利用Landsat TM图像更新地形图   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

许素芹  王同合  徐青  孟微波 《测绘学院学报》2001,(Z1)

采用多项式纠正和直接线性变换两种数学模型 ,对TM图像进行几何纠正 ,获得的正射影像与地形图矢量数据配准。在Microstation 95系统下 ,进行地形图矢量数据的更新 ,并给出了相应的实验结果  相似文献   

广州自动气象观测站要素统计查询系统     

林国平  刘作挺 《广东气象》2001,(1):15-18

广州市气象自动站要素统计查询系统针对广州地区自动站和本地业务进行设计，它以简单、直观的操作使预报员在日常天气监测预报业务中能简单、快捷、灵活地浏览和监测广州各站自动站的数据，及时开展如预警信号的发布等业务。  相似文献   

The use of stochastic simulations and geophysical logs to characterize spatial heterogeneity in hydrogeologic parameters     

Terry D. Lahm  E. Scott Bair  Franklin W. Schwartz 《Mathematical Geology》1995,27(2):259-278

  相似文献   

盐湖卤水参数自动观测系统中的传感器     

祁永唐  林向真 《盐湖研究》1993,1(2):41-46

研制了检测盐湖和盐田卤水温度、密度和水位的传惑器,并建立了盐湖高浓度卤水中钾离子含量的直接自动测定方法。为了使传感器在青藏高原盐湖的恶劣环境中长期稳定工作,并防止探头结盐与腐蚀,采取了一系列技术措施。这些传感器用于察尔汗盐湖卤水动态自动观测系统中,取得了满意的效果。  相似文献   

GIS数据库自动更新机制研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王少华  边馥苓 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(12):1059-1062

阐述了B S和C S混合架构的GIS系统中两种不同架构之间的基于数据层的交互、数据库的自动检查更新以及数据更新上存在的问题和难点 ,提出了一种有效的数据库自动更新机制 ,同时在实践中加以验证 ,取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

自动与人工观测数据的差异   总被引：41，自引：5，他引：41       下载免费PDF全文

胡玉峰 《应用气象学报》2004,15(6):719-726

该文概述了造成自动观测与人工观测数据差异的各种原因，其中包括仪器的测量原理与观测方法不同，观测时间和空间不同，采样方式与算法不同，观测时次不同等等。通过对比分析基本气象要素，如气压、气温、地温、风向风速、降水、湿度等的两种观测数据，认为自动气象站的观测结果更接近大气中的实际情况。自动站对气压、气温和风向风速的观测有明显的优势，但在雨量累计量的测量和高温高湿下的湿度测量效果不理想。  相似文献   

Including prior information in the estimation of effective soil parameters in unsaturated zone modelling   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J Mertens  H Madsen  D Jacques 《Journal of Hydrology》2004,294(4):251-269

In this paper we propose a methodology to include prior information in the estimation of effective soil parameters for modelling the soil moisture content in the unsaturated zone. Laboratory measurements on undisturbed soil cores were used to estimate the moisture retention curve and hydraulic conductivity curve parameters. The soil moisture content was measured at 25 locations along three transects and at three different depths (surface, 30 and 60 cm) on an 80×20 m hillslope for the year 2001. Soil cores were collected in 84 locations situated in three profile pits along the hillslope. For the estimation of the effective soil hydraulic parameters the joint probability distribution of measured parameter values was used as prior information. A two-horizon single column 1D MIKE SHE model based on Richards' equation was set-up for nine soil moisture measurement locations along the middle transect of the hillslope. The goal of the model is to simulate the soil moisture profile at each location. The shuffled complex evolution (SCE) algorithm has been applied to estimate effective model parameters using either wide parameter ranges, referred to as the ‘no-prior’ case, or the joint probability distribution of measured parameter values as prior information (‘prior’ case). When the prior information is incorporated in the SCE optimisation the goodness-of-fit of the model predictions is only slightly worse compared to when no-prior information is incorporated. However, the effective parameter estimates are more realistic when the prior information is incorporated. For both the no-prior and prior case the generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation procedure (GLUE) was subsequently used to estimate the uncertainty bounds (UB) on the model predictions. When incorporating the prior information more parameter sets were accepted for the estimation of the predictive uncertainty and the parameter values were more realistic. Moreover, UB better enclosed the observations. Thus, incorporating prior information in GLUE reduces the amount of model evaluations needed to obtain sufficient behavioural parameter sets. The results indicate the importance of prior information in the SCE and GLUE parameter estimation strategies.  相似文献   

土地利用更新调查监理工作方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

潘建祖  陆玉祥 《现代测绘》2005,28(6):37-39

大型测绘项目引入监理机制,是近年来推行的一种测绘项目管理方法,是加强测绘行业监督管理的有效手段,将成为测绘工程中不可或缺的工作.在土地利用更新调查方面的监理工作亦是一项刚刚开展的工作.  相似文献   

Reservoir Characterization of McMurray Formation by 2D Geostatistical Modeling     

Weishan Ren  Jason A. Mclennan  Oy Leuangthong  Clayton V. Deutsch 《Natural Resources Research》2006,15(2):111-117

There is a need to estimate reserve uncertainty for large lease areas. Detailed 3D models of heterogeneity are not necessarily required, but there is a need to integrate all available data into an in-situ reserve estimate with uncertainty. A 2D mapping approach is presented to appraise reserves accounting for multiple variables, multiple data sources, and uncertainty. The approach can be considered in three primary steps: (1) Bayesian updating is used to determine local distributions of uncertainty for each primary variable while integrating multiple secondary information, (2) matrix simulation is employed to jointly and simultaneously simulate multiple collocated variables to determine a derived variable such as OOIP, and (3) probability field simulation then is applied to permit joint simulation of multiple locations. This methodology permits local and global uncertainty assessment while integrating multiple sources of information. An application to the McMurray Formation in Alberta, Canada is demonstrated.  相似文献