Increase in thermal groundwater due to a flowing well near the Songshan hot spring in Beijing,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhou Xun  Li Juan  Zhou Haiyan  Fang Bin  Yu Lan  Li Shijun 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1405-1411

The Songshan hot spring occurs in granite in Yanqing County in northwestern Beijing, China. TDS of the hot water ranges from 459 to 475 mg/L and pH varies between 8.6 and 9.13. The water is of Na–SO₄ type. Isotopic analyses indicate that the hot spring is meteoric in origin and receives recharge from precipitation in the northern and northwestern granite mountain with elevation of about 1,600–1,800 m. The depth of circulation of the thermal groundwater is estimated to be 2,240 m below the spring’s threshold and the temperature of the geothermal reservoir, 76°C. The residence time of the thermal groundwater is estimated to be about 52 years. A flowing well near the spring has chemical compositions and formation conditions similar to the spring. The discharge of the flowing well is approximately eighteen times larger than that of the spring and the residence time of the former (about 15.4 years) is about three times smaller than that of the latter. Although the well and spring are close to each other, the well’s larger flow rates, indicated residence time and high hydraulic head suggest that the well taps a separate, but genetically similar flow system.  相似文献   

北京平原区中更新世以来的孢粉组合及其古气候意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

赵淑君  程捷  尹功明  昝立宏 《古地理学报》2008,10(6):637-646

通过对北京平原区3个孔（顺义高丽营GZK1孔、昌平马池口CHZK1孔及大兴DZK1孔）的孢粉资料进行研究和对比,分析了北京平原区中更新世以来的气候变化,并将其划分为8个阶段：第1阶段气候较寒冷干旱,第2阶段气候温暖湿润,第3阶段气候温凉较湿,第4阶段气候温暖较干旱,第5阶段气候较寒冷干旱,第6阶段气候特征为早期暖湿,晚期温凉干旱,第7阶段气候较寒冷干旱,第8阶段气候温和湿润。  相似文献   

北京郊区土壤中DDT（滴滴涕）残留调查及评价   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

李娟娟  陈家玮  刘?摇晨  杨忠芳 《地质通报》2008,27(2):252-256

北京郊区农田表层土壤中DDT（滴滴涕）有不同程度的检出,∑DDTs含量介于2．7008～292．4021μg／kg之间,平均值为41．6227μg／kg。总体而言,DDT及其代谢物的残留量处于较低水平。样品中p,p′DDE和p,p′-DDT是DDT的主要残留物,p,p′-DDD／p,p′-DDE质量比为0-1．2730,大部分小于1,说明DDT主要降解为DDE类化合物,由此推断北京郊区的土地利用较多处于好氧环境中。（DDE＋DDD）／DDT的比值在0．1044～1．4688之间,均值之比为0．3557,母体DDT含量占优势,DDT农药施用时间很短。经初步分析,北京郊区土壤中DDT的风险较低,但从食物链角度的风险评价结果来看,土壤中的DDT仍有一定的风险。  相似文献   

北京大气能见度的主要影响因子   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姜江  张国平  高金兵 《应用气象学报》2018,29(2):188-199

利用北京市道面自动气象站、国家级自动气象站等多种观测数据分析北京地区2007—2015年能见度及其主要影响因子, 并挑选两次典型低能见度事件过程进行详细分析。从空间分布看, 北京西北地区能见度明显高于中心城区和东南大部地区。从时间分布看, 北京地区平均能见度最大值出现在5月, 最小值出现在7月; 日间的最低值多出现在06:00(北京时, 下同)左右, 冬季略向后推迟; 最高值多出现在16:00前后, 冬季略有提前。整体而言, 2007—2015年北京地区发生低能见度事件的概率为62.14%, 且发生低能见度的事件集中于1~5 km, 霾事件中干霾、湿霾的发生频率分别为86.13%和13.87%。能见度的主要影响因子为相对湿度、风速和PM_2.5浓度。其中, 能见度与风速呈正相关, 与相对湿度和PM_2.5浓度呈反相关。需要指出的是, 当相对湿度增加至80%, 能见度受PM_2.5浓度的影响程度在下降, 而主要受相对湿度的影响。基于所选个例, 当北京地区出现湿霾事件时, 能见度的恶化程度远高于干霾事件, 且PM_2.5浓度需比干霾事件时下降得更低才能有效改善能见度。  相似文献   

2022年北京冬季奥运会人工造雪气象条件初步研究     

毛明策  王琦  田亮 《气候变化研究进展》2018,14(6):547-552

利用北京和张家口地区气象站建站至2016年历年11月至次年3月气象资料,研究2022年北京冬奥会人工造雪地面气象条件,结果表明：降水相态与地面气温(T)和相对湿度线性组合关系密切,通过计算不同温度对应降水相态频率,发现北京T≤-0.2℃,张家口市T≤-0.8℃时,降水相态为雪的频率≥95%;估算了冬奥会和残奥会举办地区域自动气象站2014—2016年赛事期间可造雪时数,发现冬奥期间造雪时数较为充足,残奥期间造雪时数较少,可以采用造雪和储雪结合保证赛事用雪。  相似文献   

Evolution of the commercial blocks in ancient Beijing city from the street network perspective     

Fang Wang  Jing He  Chunyan Jiang  Yixi Li 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(6):845-868

The synergistic relationship between urban functions and street networks has always been a focus in the field of urban research and practice. From the perspective of street networks, by adopting space syntax, this study analyzed the deep structural characteristics and potential evolution rules of commercial blocks attached to street networks in different periods, as well as the corresponding economic, political, and cultural characteristics of ancient Beijing city over the past 800 years. By combining these with changes in the street network, we further explained the function mechanism of layout and level adjustment in commercial blocks, and the influence of the street network on commercial blocks in the process of historical change. The main conclusions included the following: (1) The urban centripetal-centrifugal siphon effect: the layout form, topological structure, and traffic mode changes in the street network had corresponding guidance for the layout and hierarchical system of commercial blocks, while the centripetal development of the street network could guide the agglomeration effect of commercial blocks, although centrifugal development caused commercial blocks to display outward evacuation. (2) Stage transformation from mutation node to smooth development: the layout of commercial blocks came to depend on the ability to cross the commuting flow center, which originally relied on the accessibility of transportation nodes as local centers. Changes in traffic modes mainly affected the adjustment of the first-level commercial blocks, which easily led to overall layout mutation. Traffic levels have an obvious positive hierarchical relation with the second- and third-level commercial blocks. (3) The adaptation of traditional commercial blocks to the needs of a modern city: affected by the different emerging times and unevenness of the original commercial foundation, commercial blocks have formed various developmental models that meet the needs of modernization, and reach a balance between cultural continuity and functional adaptation.  相似文献   

Modeling the effects of land-use optimization on the soil organic carbon sequestration potential   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Jingtao Yao  Xiangbin Kong 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(11):1641-1658

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is not only an efficient method to address climate change problems but also a useful way to improve land productivity. It has been reported by many studies that land-use changes can significantly influence the sequestration of SOC. However, the SOC sequestration potential (SOCP, the difference between the saturation and the existing content of SOC) caused by land-use change, and the effects of land-use optimization on the SOCP are still not well understood. In this research, we modeled the effects of land-use optimization on SOCP in Beijing. We simulated three land-use optimization scenarios (uncontrolled scenario, scale control scenario, and spatial restriction scenario) and assessed their effects on SOCP. The total SOCP (0–20 cm) in Beijing in 2010 was estimated as 23.82 Tg C or 18.27 t C/ha. In the uncontrolled scenario, the built-up land area of Beijing would increase by 951 km² from 2010 to 2030, and the SOCP would decrease by 1.73 Tg C. In the scale control scenario, the built-up land area would decrease by 25 km² and the SOCP would increase by 0.07 Tg C from 2010 to 2030. Compared to the uncontrolled scenario, the SOCP in 2030 of Beijing would increase by 0.77 Tg C or 0.64 t C/ha in the spatial restriction scenario. This research provides evidence to guide planning authorities in conducting land-use optimization strategies and estimating their effects on the carbon sequestration function of land-use systems.  相似文献   

Flexible Spatial Multilevel Modeling of Neighborhood Satisfaction in Beijing     

Jing Ma  Yu Chen  Guanpeng Dong 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(1):11-21

This article develops an innovative and flexible Bayesian spatial multilevel model to examine the sociospatial variations in perceived neighborhood satisfaction, using a large-scale household satisfaction survey in Beijing. In particular, we investigate the impact of a variety of housing tenure types on neighborhood satisfaction, controlling for household and individual sociodemographic attributes and geographical contextual effects. The proposed methodology offers a flexible framework for modeling spatially clustered survey data widely used in social science research by explicitly accounting for spatial dependence and heterogeneity effects. The results show that neighborhood satisfaction is influenced by individual, locational, and contextual factors. Homeowners, except those of resettlement housing, tend to be more satisfied with their neighborhood environment than renters. Moreover, the impacts of housing tenure types on satisfaction vary significantly in different neighborhood contexts and spatial locations.  相似文献   

基于地理标记照片的北京市入境旅游流空间特征   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

秦静  李郎平  唐鸣镝  孙岩  宋昕芮 《地理学报》2018,73(8):1556-1570

城市作为现代旅游目的地的一种重要类型,在集聚旅游发展要素、塑造城市休闲空间、提升城市品质等方面具有突出作用。城市旅游流是城市旅游要素关联、空间组织的路径,对于城市交通组织方式、公共服务设施建设、休闲旅游产业布局等方面影响越来越大。本文立足城市内部微观尺度,以入境旅游流空间特征为研究对象,利用数据挖掘技术,通过Flickr API接口获取了2004-2015年北京市范围内全部带有地理信息的照片及其属性信息,通过构建的数据清洗方法控制初始数据质量,建立基础数据库,使用密度聚类（P-DBSCAN）、马尔科夫随机链等方法探索入境游客热点区域空间分布格局、流动空间特征。结果显示：① 北京市历史城区（2环之内区域）、中心城区（2环至5环之间区域）以及郊区（5环之外区域）的旅游热点区域（AOI）呈现出不同的空间特征,其中历史城区AOI呈现出与景区、休闲娱乐、餐饮购物等相关产业空间重叠的趋势,各热点区域边界模糊,复合连绵成片。中心城区AOI集聚与城市功能区密切相关,具有明确的城市功能取向。郊区AOI基本与旅游景点一致,没有向景区外部延伸;② 传统历史文化类AOI访问热度占有绝对优势,商业购物休闲AOI及现代城市功能AOI的影响力在逐渐增强;③ 强入境旅游流主要集中在历史城区内部AOI之间,以及中心城区的西北部与东部区域内部AOI之间,郊区AOI之间没有较强的旅游流,北京市入境旅游流整体呈现以历史城区为中心,放射性分布的框架;④ 各区域AOI之间均有较次一级旅游流联系,北京市入境旅游流形成了初步的网络结构。  相似文献   

北京典型行业微区位选址比较研究——以北京企业管理服务业和汽车制造业为例   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

李佳洺  孙威  张文忠 《地理研究》2018,37(12):2541-2553

以微观企业数据为基础,采用核密度空间平滑和条件逻辑选择模型等方法,重点关注企业在城市内部微观尺度下的区位选择,并对北京典型现代服务业和制造业区位选择的差异进行对比分析。结果表明：① 北京中小型制造企业倾向于在集聚区分布,符合马歇尔式产业集群的特征,而服务业则是大型企业更倾向于集中布局;② 尽管微观尺度下多样化和上下游产业链对现代服务业和制造业依然有重要影响,但是与宏观尺度下不同的是对于现代服务业来说过度多样化并不利于其发展,对于制造业来说区域专业化劳动力规模而非专业化程度更为重要;③ 政府对地铁等公共设施布局选址将对现代服务业的微观区位产生重要影响。  相似文献