3维城市模型的可视化研究   总被引：74，自引：0，他引：74  

杨必胜  李清泉  梅宝燕 《测绘学报》2000,29(2):149-154

本文在对已有的３维（３Ｄ）城市模型进行分析的基础上,着重探讨了建筑物模型的构造方法,提出了一种分层组合模型方法构造建筑 及在此模型基础上的动态显示、空间分析和交互操作等功能,并开发了一个应用系统（３ＤＴＯＯＬ）对３Ｄ城市模型中的地形和建筑物进行整体维动态显示和操作。最后利用约４ｋｍ＾２试验区对本文提出的模型和开发系统进行了全面的实验研究。  相似文献   

The influences of boundary layer parameterization schemes on mesoscale heavy rain system   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xu Liren  Zhao Ming 《大气科学进展》2000,17(3):458-472

1.Introducti0nThemesoscaleoperationalmodel-whichisoftenused,isMM4orMM5'butMM4isusedfrequentlyonlO3kmscale.Thephysicalprocessesinthismodeldevelopconstantly.FororiginalMM4,thecomputationofsurfacefluxesisnotaccurate,andKmodelfortheturbu-lencefluxesbetweenany2levelsneedstobeimprovedbynewtreatment.Inordertostudytheinfluencesofboundarylayerparameterizationschemesonmesoscaleheavyrainsystem,sur-facefluxesandKmodelinoriginalMM4areimprovedbytherecentresearchinthispaPer.Theflux-profilerelationsforv…  相似文献   

Circulation and boundary layers in differentially heated rotating stratified fluid     

J. A. Whitehead  J. Pedlosky 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2000,31(1-4)

Recent laboratory experiments with rotating stratified water in a cylinder have revealed many of the predictions of linearized, analytic theory. Earlier measurements of the velocity field generated in a cylinder by top heating compared well with theory. Large stratification clearly suppressed Ekman pumping so that the interior velocity field (primarily azimuthal) responded by satisfying no-slip top and bottom boundary conditions without the need for Ekman layers. This interior flow also occupied a boundary layer of greater thickness than the Ekman layer under some conditions. Theory and experiments have now been conducted for sidewall heating. As before, experiment and theory agree well over some parameter ranges. But for some parameters, the flow is unstable. The exact nature of the instability remains poorly understood. The size of one combination of both vertical and horizontal boundary layers is governed by the Rossby radius of deformation multiplied by the square root of the Prandtl number. Sidewall boundary layers and their scales will be reviewed with the present results in mind.  相似文献   

一个陆面过程参数化模式与 MM5的耦合   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

殷达中  陈家宜 《大气科学》2000,24(2):177-186

在法国陆面过程模式的基础上,为了表示冠层叶片遮挡对水分蒸发阻抗的影响,在植被覆盖部分引入了遮盖因子,然后将这个修正的陆面过程参数化模式耦合到MM5模式中。耦合后的模式模拟出了因为降水造成土壤湿度变化和植被覆盖动态作用对地面通量的影响,而原MM5模式模拟结果则没有反映上述动态变化对地面通量的作用。原MM5模式和耦合模式模拟了1993年8月17日到20日以内蒙古半干旱草原为中心的中尺度区域的气象场,模拟结果和IMGRASS预观测资料进行了对比,对比说明新的陆面过程模式提高了MM5模式对地面通量和边界层各物理量（风、温、湿）的模拟精度。  相似文献   

地形性中尺度环流的数值模拟及验证   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

张美根  韩志伟  雷孝恩 《大气科学》2000,24(1):122-130

建立了一个高分辨三维边界层诊断模式以模拟下垫面热力和动力的 非均匀性对边界层结构的影响。模式模拟了广东大亚湾核电站厂址区域（12 km×12 km） 47个典型天气系统下的地形性中尺度环流,其大坑的模拟风向、风速和温度与观测值 相比,风向差小于17.5#+[o]的概率为87.5%,风速比值在0.7～1.3之间的概率为72.9%, 温度差小于0.4#+[o]C的概率为72.9%。  相似文献   

Crust and Upper Structure of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Its Adjacent Regions From Surface Waveform Inversion     

Cao Xiaolin  Cao Jamin  Zhu JieshouWT  ”BX 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

CRUST AND UPPER STRUCTURE OF QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU AND ITS ADJACENT REGIONS FROM SURFACE WAVEFORM INVERSION  相似文献   

用瑞利面波资料反演中国大陆东部地壳上地幔横波速度的三维构造   总被引：33，自引：8，他引：25       下载免费PDF全文

徐果明  李光品  王善恩  陈虹  周虎顺 《地球物理学报》2000,43(3):366-376

利用中国大陆东部21个台站的43条面波大圆路径上瑞利面波记录的双台资料,计算出双台间地震面波相速度频散,采用Tarantola概率反演的方法求得相速度频散曲线的分布,并由各处相速度频散曲线反演得到地壳上地幔的三维横波波速图像,进而得到中国东部地壳上地幔的S波速度结构.结果表明:我国大陆东部地壳厚度总体上呈东薄西厚的趋势,以105°E为界向西地壳厚度逐渐加深到55 km以上,其中有一个北东向的h形地壳厚度的坡度带.豫西及晋南地区为相对薄地壳的地区.大别山地区和泰山附近地区地壳变厚,但秦岭地区地壳不变厚.上地幔低速层上界面的深度在华北地区较浅,为80-90km,在鄂尔多斯、四川东部以及黔湘地区为120-130km.扬子地块东部及华南褶皱系中、东部上地幔顶部速度偏低使低速层的速度反差不明显.滇黔褶皱系的西部在200 km以内的上地幔中未出现低速层.  相似文献   

塔河油田奥陶系古风化壳储层特征——兼论酸化压裂改造选层的原则     

王艳伟  肖玉茹  吴俊平 《新疆地质》2000,18(2):148-153

通过对塔里木盆地塔河３、４号油田奥陶系古风化壳储层特征的详细分析,认为古风化壳储层垂向结构模式有３种,平面上划分为３个次一级地貌单元,进而对储层进行评价。在此基础上还探讨了油气层伤害的原因,结合录井、测井等资料,提出了酸化压裂改造选井层的原则,经实践证明该原则对酸化压裂改造具有重要的指导作用。  相似文献   

潮间带低速层中高速埋伏岩体计算模式的建立   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

薛荣俊  李金山  唐勇 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(4)

在某些沿海潮间带区域的低速层中常存在一定数量的巨大高速滚石埋伏岩体。这些埋伏岩体会给工程地质勘察带来很大的困难 ,甚至无法进行工程地质勘察。根据浅层折射波方法原理利用浅层折射波相遇时距曲线与折射波射线路径关系建立了求取浅层高速埋伏岩体的埋深及其厚度的计算模式 ,利用这些公式可以较准确地确定高速埋伏岩体的位置、埋深及其厚度 ,对工程地质勘察是十分有利的。  相似文献   

Short timescale variability of the mesospheric sodium layer     

C. O'Sullivan  R. M. Redfern  N. Ageorges  H.-C. Holstenberg  W. Hackenberg  T. Ott  S. Rabien  R. Davies  A. Eckart 《Experimental Astronomy》2000,10(1):147-156

In this article we investigate the short-term characteristics of the sodium layer and their implications for laser guide star systems. We report measurements of sodium density andcentroid-height variations on timescales of 100 ms upwards. Significant centroid-height variations on short timescales may necessitate frequent refocussing of the beam and wavefront sensor system.We present results from observations of the mesospheric sodium layer taken at the Max Planck observatory in Calar Alto, Spain in September 1997 and August 1998. We describe our experiment which uses the resonant optical backscatter of 589.2 nm laser light from the upper atmosphere as a measure of sodium abundance.Short-term variations are dominated by the formation of dense sporadic layers in the normal sodium layer. Measurements were made on 3 nights in 1997 and on 2 nights in 1998. Somewhat unexpectedly for a mid-latitude site, sporadic sodium layers were seen on 4 of these 5 nights. One of the sporadic layers was observed for its duration. The 2 km wide layer reached a maximum intensity of approximately two and a half times that of the background layer and could be distinguished from the background for over five hours. Centroid height variations of up to 400 m were observed on timescales of 1–2 min. In 1998 we were sensitive to variations of 5% or more in total sodium abundance on timescales of 100 ms upwards. We found no evidencefor variations of this level on these short timescales.  相似文献