A Simple Parameterisation for Flux Footprint Predictions   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9  

N. Kljun  P. Calanca  M. W. Rotach  H. P. Schmid 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,112(3):503-523

Flux footprint functions estimate the location and relative importance of passive scalar sources influencing flux measurements at a given receptor height. These footprint estimates strongly vary in size, depending on receptor height, atmospheric stability, and surface roughness. Reliable footprint calculations from, e.g., Lagrangian stochastic models or large-eddy simulations are computationally expensive and cannot readily be computed for long-term observational programs. To facilitate more accessible footprint estimates, a scaling procedure is introduced for flux footprint functions over a range of stratifications from convective to stable, and receptor heights ranging from near the surface to the middle of the boundary layer. It is shown that, when applying this scaling procedure, footprint estimates collapse to an ensemble of similar curves. A simple parameterisation for the scaled footprint estimates is presented. This parameterisation accounts for the influence of the roughness length on the footprint and allows for a quick but precise algebraic footprint estimation.  相似文献   

多年冻土地区砂砾路面路堤临界高度数值分析     

张明义  赖远明  张建明  齐吉琳 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):76-82

In permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the critical embankment height must be considered in the process of the construction of highway, especially for the global climatic warming. In this paper, the two-dimensional numerical analysis for the critical embankment height (for gravel road surface and coarse-grained soil) has been performed by using thefinite element method. In the calculation, we think that the service life of the construction is at least 50 years. The mean annual air temperatures applied to the calculation model are -6.5 ℃, -6.0 ℃, -5.5 ℃, -5.0 ℃, -4.5 ℃ and -4.0 ℃, respectively, and the value of temperature rise are taken as 1.10℃ in the coming 50 years. The minimum embankment heights derived from the analysis are 0.85 m, 0.92 m, 1.01 m, 1.18 m, 1.60 m and 2.66 m for the different mean annual air temperatures and the maximum embankment heights are 7.68 m,7.55 m, 7.34 m, 7.00 m, 6.45 m and 5.85m, accordingly. On condition that the service life of embankment is 50 years, the critical value of the mean annual air temperature is -3.5 ℃. Namely, in the areas where the mean annual air temperature is higher than -3.5 ℃, the critical embankment height does not exist.  相似文献   

无地面控制GPS辅助光束法区域网平差   总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2  

袁修孝  朱武  武军郦  王瑞幺 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(10):852-857

介绍了在WGS-84坐标系中进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差的基本原理以及利用大地水准面拟合方法实施大地高与正常高的变换方法。利用新疆库尔勒地区1：25000和1：50000实际航摄资料验证了理论与程序实现的正确性。试验结果表明，无地面控制GPS辅助光束法区域网平差可用于中小比例尺测图的加密，在WGS-84坐标系中可以获得较高的点定位精度，而在国家80坐标系下，利用大地水；隹面拟合前后的GPS摄站坐标进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差，加密精度没有明显差异。  相似文献   

基于灰关联分析的GPS高程拟合加权平均函数模型权函数优选   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

邱斌  朱建军 《测绘信息与工程》2004,29(1):13-14

基于灰色系统理论的灰关联分析方法,提出了权函数的优选方法,实例分析表明其具有较好的实用价值.  相似文献   

Quantitative estimation of submarine groundwater discharge using airborne thermal infrared data acquired at two different tidal heights     

Ki‐mook Kang  Duk‐jin Kim  Yunjee Kim  Eunhee Lee  Bong‐Gwan Kim  Seung Hee Kim  Kyoochul Ha  Dong‐Chan Koh  Yang‐Ki Cho  Guebuem Kim 《水文研究》2019,33(7):1089-1100

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays an important role in coastal biogeochemical processes and hydrological cycles, particularly off volcanic islands in oligotrophic oceans. However, the spatial and temporal variations of SGD are still poorly understood owing to difficulty in taking rapid SGD measurements over a large scale. In this study, we used four airborne thermal infrared surveys (twice each during high and low tides) to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of SGD over the entire coast of Jeju Island, Korea. On the basis of an analytical model, we found a linear positive correlation between the thermal anomaly and squares of the groundwater discharge velocity and a negative exponential correlation between the anomaly and water depth (including tide height and bathymetry). We then derived a new equation for quantitatively estimating the SGD flow rates from thermal anomalies acquired at two different tide heights. The proposed method was validated with the measured SGD flow rates using a current meter at Gongcheonpo Beach. We believe that the method can be effectively applied for rapid estimation of SGD over coastal areas, where fresh groundwater discharge is significant, using airborne thermal infrared surveys.  相似文献   

极化干涉SAR森林树高提取算法的对比分析     

李帆  尚玉双  杨兆臣 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(1):94-96

在对极化干涉SAR森林树高反演的DEM差值算法、相干相位-幅度综合反演算法进行分析的基础上,对基于极化干涉相干优化方法的改进算法进行了探讨。利用黑龙江大兴安岭地区的一对ALOS全极化干涉SAR数据进行实验,并对比分析各算法的反演结果。结果表明,在使用改进的算法进行森林树高反演时可以获取精度较高的反演结果,并且在一定程度上提高了森林树高反演的稳定性,为森林树高反演工作的业务化运行提供一定的依据。  相似文献   

Verification and Correction of Cloud Base and Top Height Retrievals from Ka–band Cloud Radar in Boseong,Korea     

Su-Bin Oh  Yeon-Hee Kim  Ki-Hoon Kim  Chun-Ho Cho  Eunha Lim 《大气科学进展》2016,33(1):73-84

In this study,cloud base height(CBH) and cloud top height(CTH) observed by the Ka-band(33.44 GHz) cloud radar at the Boseong National Center for Intensive Observation of Severe Weather during fall 2013(September-November) were verified and corrected.For comparative verification,CBH and CTH were obtained using a ceilometer(CL51) and the Communication,Ocean and Meteorological Satellite(COMS).During rainfall,the CBH and CTH observed by the cloud radar were lower than observed by the ceilometer and COMS because of signal attenuation due to raindrops,and this difference increased with rainfall intensity.During dry periods,however,the CBH and CTH observed by the cloud radar,ceilometer,and COMS were similar.Thin and low-density clouds were observed more effectively by the cloud radar compared with the ceilometer and COMS.In cases of rainfall or missing cloud radar data,the ceilometer and COMS data were proven effective in correcting or compensating the cloud radar data.These corrected cloud data were used to classify cloud types,which revealed that low clouds occurred most frequently.  相似文献   

月动力延伸预报500hPa高度场检验及其在重庆月气候预测中降尺度应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐红玉  董新宁  周秀华  覃志年 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(3):1-8

根据2015年国家气候中心实时下发的第二代月动力延伸模式(DERF2.0)逐日资料和历史回算资料,统计构建不同时间起报的月500hPa高度场格点数据序列,针对重庆2月气温和8月降水量方差和预测难度较大的事实,分别分析2010-2014年逐年1月和7月16日、21日、26日、31日起报的2月和8月500hPa高度场预报场与同期NCEP资料实况场的分布型,结果表明：预测效果低纬好于中高纬,8月总体好于2月;基于上述滚动的500hPa预报场,试验了4个关键区和5种统计降尺度方法,对重庆2010-2015年2月气温和2010-2014年8月降水量进行回报预测和检验结果表明,16日起报的模式场对2月气温有较好的参考价值,配合最好的关键区为本区上空,而降尺度方案中Lamb方法效果最佳,二者结合的预测效果最好;8月降水回报检验表明,虽然8月降水预测效果不如2月气温,但在预测关键区取自定义关键区时,车氏方法的降尺度方案预测效果相对较好。  相似文献   

GPS 高程转换的总体最小二乘组合方法     

王乐洋  吴飞  吴良才 《测绘工程》2016,25(4):11-14

在现有GPS高程转换的研究中,通常只采用单一的解算方法,然而,不同的计算方法由于适用的条件不同,在对同一组数据进行解算时,解算的精度也各有优劣。针对以上问题,文中提出GPS高程转换的总体最小二乘组合方法,对多种不同的高程转换方法进行组合,运用总体最小二乘法计算不同方法的权值,结合实际工程数据,验证该方法的可行性。计算结果表明,提出的方法能够有效地提高高程转换精度。  相似文献   

改进多面函数拟合跨带区域高程异常的研究     

张怀亮  李晓莉  朱赛虎 《测绘科学》2016,41(3):132-137

针对跨带区域高程异常拟合中存在的问题,该文以多面函数模型为背景,分别采用直接法和分带法,提出采用大地坐标(B,L)作为核函数参数的改进多面函数模型,对跨带区域高程异常进行拟合。通过某跨带区域GPS水准网数据验证,结果显现了改进后多面函数模型在跨带区域拟合上的优势,其外符合精度相比其他函数模型有显著提高。  相似文献