Nickel effects on growth and antioxidative enzymes activities in desert plant Zygophyllum xanthoxylon （Bunge） Maxim     

Yan Lu  XinRong Li  MingZhu He  ZhengNing Wang  HuiJuan Tan 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(5):0436-0444

One-month old Zygophyllum xanthoxylon seedlings were grown under five different Ni concentrations (0, 50, 150, 450 and 900 mg/kg). Growth parameters, tissues Ni accumulation, soluble protein content, photosynthetic pigment content, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzyme activities, and proline content were studied after one month of Ni exposure. The significant reduction in fresh biomass in the shoot and roots was detected at high Ni concentrations (≥450 mg/kg), whereas dry biomass was not significantly affected in both organs by any of the Ni doses tested. The Ni contents in the shoots and roots increased in a dose-dependent manner, and Ni contents in roots were higher than that in shoots at all treatments. The high Ni doses elevated soluble protein contents in leaves and roots. No visible symptoms of chlorosis were observed in leaves of plants grown in presence of Ni. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents significantly increased in leaves and roots at high Ni treatments (≥450 mg/kg), indicating that Ni induces oxidative stress. Enzyme activities might play a central role in cellular protection against the Ni induced oxidative stress. Proline contents proportionally increased with the elevated Ni concentrations. Zygophyllum xanthoxylon revealed moderate Ni tolerance under tested culture conditions, and could be used as tools for revegetation for erosion control in moderate Ni contaminated sites.  相似文献   

A Kaapvaal craton debate: Nucleus of an early small supercontinent or affected by an enhanced accretion event?   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Patrick G. Eriksson  Santanu Banerjee  David R. Nelson  Martin J. Rigby  Octavian Catuneanu  Subir Sarkar  R. James Roberts  Dmitry Ruban  Mtimkulu N. Mtimkulu  P.V. Sunder Raju 《Gondwana Research》2009,15(3-4):354-372

Incorporation of the Kaapvaal craton within a speculative Neoarchaean–Palaeoproterozoic supercontinent has long been debated, and this idea provides a potential solution to solving the apparently enigmatic provenance of the huge quantities of gold within the famous Witwatersrand auriferous deposits of Kaapvaal. Within a framework of a postulated Neoarchaean “Kenorland” (“northern”; present-day reference) supercontinent, we examine possible “southern” cratons that may have been contiguous with Kaapvaal: Pilbara, Zimbabwe, Dharwar, São Francisco, Amazon, Congo. Brief reviews of their basic geology and inferred evolution in syn-Witwatersrand basin times (c. 3.1–2.8 Ga) show no obvious support for any such supercontinental amalgamations. An alternative idea to explain a measure of gross similarity amongst several Neoarchaean cratons is through global events, such as a c. 3125–3000 Ma cratonic-scale erosive event interpreted for both Pilbara and Kaapvaal, and a much more widespread magmatic event at c. 2760–2680 Ma. We postulate that a global superplume event at c. 3.0 Ga included a plume beneath the Kaapvaal cratonic nucleus, thus halting any subduction around that terrane due to the thermal anomaly. Such a speculative global magmatic event is assumed to have enhanced production of juvenile oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges, including those “offshore” of the thermally elevated Kaapvaal nucleus. Intra-oceanic obduction complexes may have built up fairly rapidly under such conditions, globally, and once the plume event had abated, “normal” plate tectonics would have resulted in composite (greenstone-tonalite, possibly also including granite) terranes accreting with nuclei such as Kaapvaal. This enhanced plume-related cratonic growth can be seen as a rapid accretion event. Formation of the envisaged ophiolite complexes possibly encompassed deformation-related first-order concentration of gold, and once accretion occurred around Kaapvaal's nucleus, from north and west (present-day frame of reference), a second-order (deformation-related) gold concentration may have resulted. The third order of gold concentration would logically have occurred once placer systems reworked detritus derived from the orogens along the N and W margins of Kaapvaal. Such conditions and placer gold deposits are known from many Neoarchaean cratons. The initial source of gold was presumably from the much hotter Mesoarchaean mantle and may have been related to major changes in Earth's tectonic regime at c. 3.0 Ga. The unique nature of Kaapvaal is probably its early stabilization, enabling formation of a complex flexural foreland basin system, in which vast quantities of placer sediments and heavy minerals could be deposited, and preserved from younger denudation through a unique post-Witwatersrand history.  相似文献   

Influence of interaction between small asperities on various types of slow earthquakes in a 3-D simulation for a subduction plate boundary   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Keisuke Ariyoshi  Takane Hori  Jean-Paul Ampuero  Yoshiyuki Kaneda  Toru Matsuzawa  Ryota Hino  Akira Hasegawa 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(3-4):534-544

Recently, the occurrence of slow earthquakes such as low-frequency earthquakes and very low-frequency earthquakes have been recognized at depths of about 30 km in southwest Japan and Cascadia. These slow earthquakes occur sometimes in isolation and sometimes break into chain-reaction, producing tremor that migrates at a speed of about 5–15 km/day and suggesting a strong interaction among nearby small asperities. In this study, we formulate a 3-D subduction plate boundary model with two types of small asperities chained along the trench at the depth of 30 km. Our simulation succeeds in representing various types of slow earthquakes including low-frequency earthquakes and rapid slip velocity in the same asperity, and indicates that interaction between asperities may cause the very low-frequency earthquakes. Our simulation also shows chain reaction along trench with propagation speed that can be made consistent with observations by adjusting model parameters, which suggests that the interactions also explain the observed migration of slow earthquakes.  相似文献   

中高层大气瞬态发光事件（TLEs）及可能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郄秀书  吕达仁  卞建春  杨静 《地球科学进展》2009,24(3):286-296

中高层大气瞬态发光事件（TLEs）是发生于活跃雷暴上空平流层和中间层的一类快速大气放电现象。根据光辐射的形态特征和发生位置的不同,可将已发现的TLEs归纳为4类：由电离层快速向下发展的Red Sprites(又称红色精灵,红闪);由雷暴云顶部向上发展的Blue Jets（又称蓝色喷流,蓝激流）;由闪电激发的低电离层区域的圆环状放电ELVEs(Emissions of Light and VLF perturbation due to EMP Sources,又称光辐射和EMP源引起的甚低频扰动) 和由云顶向电离层快速向上发展的Gigantic Jets(又称巨大喷流)。对已有的TLEs现象学和形态特征的观测事实以及物理机制和理论研究等进行了回顾,讨论了TLEs对平流层和中间层大气以及电离层的可能影响,并提出了目前在TLEs理论方面尚未解决的问题,指出了进一步观测和理论研究的必要性。  相似文献   

晚中生代地球表层重大地质事件的陆地环境剧变与生物群演替响应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

柳永清  旷红伟  姬书安  吕君昌  刘燕学  江小均  彭楠  陈铭培  李家华 《地学前缘》2009,16(5)

晚中生代时期华北东北部发育燕辽生物群、热河生物群和阜新生物群陆地生物群。它们的快速演变过程和华北克拉通上同时期发育的岩石圈减薄、大面积强烈岩浆活动、变质核杂岩及伴随的伸展盆地等地球表层重大地质事件并行发生,表现着地壳表层系统圈层间的相互作用和响应。生物群的繁盛与灭绝与地球表层大规模岩浆-火山活动(髫髻山组—张家口组和大北沟组—义县组)发育时代高度协同一致。地球表层重大地质事件直接或间接地控制或改造着地球表层古地理和古生态环境,生物群只得调整自身去适应环境和生态背景的改变。火山-岩浆活动改变着地质-生态环境,生物群都紧密联系多期次火山-岩浆活动,化石也都被埋葬在沉积-火山碎屑岩中。华北克拉通破坏重大地质事件发生响应于全球变化和统一地球表层系统。盆地沉积充填序列、特殊陆相环境沉积建造、特殊环境沉积物等记录了响应的古地理、古环境变化与响应。陆地生物群分布、演化、更替与精确定年,脊椎-无脊椎生物(化石)埋葬特征,生物演化速率、消长关系和生物群(组合)更替的形式和性质,以及脊椎动物骨骼、牙齿的常量、微量元素、H-B-C-N-O-S和C-O-Sr等地球化学特征的研究可以恢复和重建古地理、古生态环境和古生态系统。  相似文献   

松辽盆地白垩系青山口阶缺氧事件层的有机地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孔惠  黄永建  黄清华  张文婧  谢磊  刘学红  谢晓云 《地学前缘》2009,16(6):96

松辽盆地白垩系青山口阶下部广泛分布一套富含有机碳的黑色泥岩、页岩沉积,它具有干酪根碳同位素正偏、重排甾烷含量低,普遍存在伽马蜡烷生物标志化合物等有机地球化学特征,代表了白垩纪温室效应时间窗内古湖泊贫氧环境条件下的沉积产物。结合生物地层研究成果,认为青山口阶下部曾发生过古湖泊缺氧事件,其层位大体可与白垩纪古海洋Cenomanian-Turonian界线事件层进行对比,由此提出了松辽盆地青山口阶下部的时代归属于晚白垩世Cenomanian晚期—Turonian早期的新观点。  相似文献   

2001年3月2日磁通量传输事件特性的研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

左平兵  刘绍亮  金曙平  刘振兴  史建魁 《地球物理学报》2004,47(3):376-384

2001年3月2日11:00 至11:15 UT 期间,Cluster Ⅱ在南半球极尖区晨侧附近磁鞘内探测到3个通量传输事件（简称FTEs）. 本文利用Cluster Ⅱ星簇4颗卫星观测到的磁场和等离子体资料研究了这些通量传输事件的磁场形态和粒子特征. 并利用它们探测到的空间磁场梯度资料由安培定律直接求出星簇所在区域的电流分布. 结果指出：（1）BY占优势的行星际磁场结构在磁层顶的重联可以在极尖区附近发生;（2）FTEs通量管形成初期内外总压差和磁箍缩应力不一定平衡,达到平衡有一发展过程;（3）FTEs通量管截面在L M平面内的线度约为1.89RE;（4）FTEs通量管中等离子体主要沿轴向场方向流动,整个通量管以慢于背景等离子体的速度沿磁层顶向南向尾运动;（5）FTEs通量管中不仅有轴向电流,也存在环向电流. 轴向电流基本沿轴向磁场方向流动. 轴向和环向电流在管内均呈体分布,因而轴向电流产生的环向磁场接近管心时不断减小到零,而环向电流生成的轴向场则不断增大到极值;（6）在通量管的磁鞘部分观测到磁层能量粒子流量的增强,这表明通量管通过磁层顶将磁鞘和磁层内部连通起来了.  相似文献   

A Hall MHD model to study energetic charged particle events produced during fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field intensity     

F.C. Huang  Z.W. Ma  Z.M. Sheng   《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(7):913-916

Energetic charged particles, which are often observed in solar active regions, may be also produced in interplanetary space due to the decoupling of ions and electrons in plasma. The Hall term in general Ohm's law is generally thought to be responsible for the decoupling of electrons and ions in plasma during magnetic reconnection. In this paper, a Hall MHD model is developed to study energetic charged particle events produced during fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field intensity. Two energetic charged particle events are used to test this model. It is concluded that the Hall effect does not only play the important role in the process of magnetic reconnection, but also in energetic charged particle events produced during fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field intensity.  相似文献   

Changes in the Diffuse CO2 Emission and Relation to Seismic Activity in and around El Hierro, Canary Islands     

Eleazar Padrón  Gladys Melián  Rayco Marrero  Dácil Nolasco  José Barrancos  Germán Padilla  Pedro A. Hernández  Nemesio M. Pérez 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(1):95-114

Significant changes in the diffuse emission of carbon dioxide were recorded in a geochemical station located at El Hierro, Canary Islands, before the occurrence of several seismic events during 2004. Two precursory CO₂ efflux increases started thirteen and nine days before two seismic events of magnitude 2.3 and 1.7, which took place near El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, on March 23 and April 15, reaching a maximun value of 51.1 and 46.2 g m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively, five and eight days before the two seismic events. Other similar increases started thirteen and five days before the occurrence of two seismic events of magnitude 1.3 and 1.5 which took place on October 15 and 21 respectively, reaching the maximum values four and one day before the earthquakes. These changes were not related to variations in atmospheric or soil parameters. The Material Failure Forecast Method (FFM), which analyzes the rate of precursory phenomena, was successfully applied to forecast the first seismic event that took place in El Hierro Island in 2004.  相似文献   

Seismicity and seismotectonics of West Saxony, Germany — new insights from recent seismicity observed with the Saxonian seismic network     

M. Korn  S. Funke  S. Wendt 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2008,52(4):479-492

A new network of permanently recording seismic stations in West Saxony has considerably improved detection threshold, location accuracy and depth determination in this seismically active region. Between 2001 and 2007 more than 900 events have been located. Seismicity mainly occurred along a band stretching north-south between Leipzig and Vogtland/NW Bohemia area with local magnitudes ranging between −0.8 and 2.8. Seismicity clearly delineates the Leipzig-Regensburg (L-R) fault zone striking N-S, and the Gera-Jachymov (G-J) fault zone striking roughly NNW-SSE. The hypocentral depths can be divided into two depth ranges, one at depths below 10 km, and a second at less than 10 km depth that only extends S-N from the Vogtland until the crossing between L-R and G-J fault zones. A small earthquake sequence that occurred near Werdau/Zwickau in August 2006 at almost the same epicenters as an earlier sequence 1997/98 seems to confirm this finding: a relative localization of 15 events with the double-difference technique clearly reveals two distinct subclusters at about 6 and 12–14 km depth. With the improved station coverage 33 new fault plane solutions from events along the L-R fault zone north of the swarmquake area could be determined from P-polarities and P/S ratios. They do not differ significantly from solutions in the Vogtland/NW-Bohemia area and are mostly compatible with a N-S oriented fault plane. Strike slip mechanisms with or without a dip slip component dominate.  相似文献