Numerical Simulation of Regional Short-Range Climate Anomalies     

Yang Fanglin  Yuan Chongguang 《大气科学进展》1993,10(3):335-344

With the high-speed development of numerical weather prediction, since the later 1980’s, the prediction of short-range climate anomalies has attracted worldwide meteorologists’ attention. What the so called short-range re-fers to the time scale from one month to one season or more. In dealing with the problem of short-range climate pre-diction, two points are needed noticing: one is the basic research to explore or investigate the mechanism of variability of the slow varying components which mainly include internal dynamics of extratropics, external forcings and tropical dynamics, and the other is the modeling efforts to simulate the process of the long-term evolution of the signal which include the improvement of model quality, stochastic prediction and the air-sea-coupled model (Miyakoda et al.,1986). Previous researches on the numerical prediction of short-term climate anomalies are mostly concentrated in the analysis of variables with global spatial scale, especially the global general atmospheric circulation analysis.As to the simulation or prediction of regional short-term climate anomalies, there exist many difficulties and problems. Though some meteorologists are devoting themself to this field, up to now, they have not reached satisfac-tory results. As a primary effort, by using the 2-level general atmospheric circulation model developed in the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-AGCM) (Zeng et al., 1989), and taking the year of 1985 as a case, a numerical simulation of regional short-term climate change is completed. We pay high attention to the predictand of anomalous summer rainfall in the Yangtze River and Yellow River valleys, especially its month-to-month variation.  相似文献   

北半球月平均环流异常垂直结构的综合分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

靳立亚  张邦林  丑纪范 《大气科学》1993,17(3):310-318

本文用一种时空综合的经验正交函数分析方法,对北半球100、500和700hPa三层月平均高度距平场进行展开,得到了不仅能反映各层高度距平场本身的空间结构分布特征,而且能同时反映各层高层距平场之间有机联系的特征向量场.分析结果表明:北半球月平均环流异常在垂直方向上具有明显的相当正压性结构特征.  相似文献   

大同—阳高6.1级地震活动背景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘巍  赵新平 《地震》1994,(5):71-77

本文从较大时空范围研究了１９８９年大同－阳高６．１级地震的地震活动性背景，认为大同－阳高地震不是一次孤立的地震事件，是大同盆地历史６级以上地震活动的继续和必然。在时间进程中它们受华北地震区和山西地震带强震活动周期的制约，空间上与北三省交汇区中强地震成丛活动密切相关。大同－阳高６．１级、５．８级地震以及此期间的侯马４．９级、析州５．１级地震是山西地震带中强地震即将活跃的一个迹象，也是华北区域应力场增  相似文献   

大气环流的奇偶对称性（Ⅰ）理论依据和气候特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

管兆勇  徐建军 《气象科学》1994,14(4):300-310

文中使用奇偶对称分析方法，利用观测资料对全球环流的奇偶对称分量的分布做了分析，指出奇偶分布的气候特征及其时间演变能反映南北半球海陆差异带来的影响，揭示大气对辐射加热响应的时间尺度、环流的波动结构及全球环流季节性调整等一些特征。  相似文献   

青藏高原雪盖异常对我国环流和降水的影响   总被引：34，自引：4，他引：34       下载免费PDF全文

徐国昌  李珊 《应用气象学报》1994,5(1):62-67

利用美国NOAA NESDIS提供的1975—1986年青藏高原地区卫星雪盖资料，作出了各月冬季青藏高原雪盖频率图。发现1—3月是高原雪盖面积最大的月份，在此期间高原雪盖面积有明显的持续性，并与欧亚雪盖面积有较高的一致性。根据3月高原雪盖异常与中国环流和降水的关系，发现高原雪盖异常的后延冷却效应较弱，大约不足一个月；3月高原多雪以后，5月东亚北风加大，南岭以北降水偏少，少雪年则相反。  相似文献   

The latitudinal distribution of carbon monoxide across the pacific from California to Antarctica     

Elmer Robinson  David Clark  Wolfgang Seiler 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1984,1(2):137-149

The results of a research study of the carbon monoxide concentration from California to 90° S, Antarctica are presented. The data both extend and support other research studies of the latitudinal distribution of carbon monoxide in that higher concentrations are evident over the Northern Hemisphere than over the Southern Hemisphere. Carbon monoxide concentrations range between 50 to 60 ppb with a few peaks into the 60s in the latitudinal area south of the ITCZ and values of 80 ppb or higher at latitudes north of Hawaii. A comparison is also made of carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations along the flight tract between California and Antarctica, over the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica, and between 78° S and the South Pole. These ozone-carbon monoxide data show statistically significant negative correlations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Antarctica. It is believed that this is a good indication of mixing across the tropopause.  相似文献   

郯庐断裂系研究的新进展─—兼论东亚北东向走滑断裂系统     

刘先文  单巨仁 《地球科学进展》1995,(2)

对郯庐断裂系研究的最新进展作了介绍。郯庐断裂是多期活动、性质多次转换的巨型断裂。最初的启动时间在晚三叠世末，与南北大陆的碰撞有着直接的关系。早期以走滑（左行）运动为主，伴随挤压和拉伸，范围限于华北地块内部。断裂纵向伸展的高峰期为白垩纪到早始新世，这一时期也是裂陷作用最强的时期。始新世以来以挤压作用为主。东亚走滑断裂系各组成断裂性质复杂，不能以中生代左行平移运动简单概括。走滑断裂系的发展和演化与同时期大陆边缘所处的地球动力学环境，也就是与南北大陆的碰撞和古大洋板块的持续俯冲关系密切。新生代以来的构造事件使中生代的构造发生强烈变形变位改造。  相似文献   

The tropospheric distribution of formaldehyde during TROPOZ II     

D. W. Arlander  D. Brüning  U. Schmidt  D. H. Ehhalt 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1995,22(3):251-269

A series of 149 measurements of the HCHO mixing ratio were made between 0 and 10 km altitude and 70° N to 60° S latitude during TROPOZ II. The data show a vertical decrease of the HCHO mixing ratio with altitude at all latitudes and a broad latitudinal maximum in the HCHO mixing ratio between 30° N and 30° S at all altitudes. The measured mixing ratios of HCHO are considerably higher than those expected from CH₄ oxidation alone, but agree broadly with the average latitude by altitude distribution of HCHO derived by a 2D model including emissions of C₁–C₇ hydrocarbons. A number of the regional scale deviations of the measured HCHO distribution from the average modelled one can be explained in terms of the local wind field.  相似文献   

Measurements of Trace Gases in the Inflow of South China Sea Background Air and Outflow of Regional Pollution at Tai O, Southern China     

T. Wang  H. Guo  D. R. Blake  Y. H. Kwok  I. J. Simpson  Y. S. Li 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,52(3):295-317

We present a 16-month record of ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO), total reactive nitrogen (NO_y), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), methane (CH₄), C₂ – C₈ non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), C₁ – C₂ halocarbons, and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) measured at a southern China coastal site. The study aimed to establish/update seasonal profiles of chemically active trace gases and pollution tracers in subtropical Asia and to characterize the composition of the `background' atmosphere over the South China Sea (SCS) and of pollution outflow from the industrialized Pearl River Delta (PRD) region and southern China. Most of the measured trace gases of anthropogenic origin exhibited a winter maximum and a summer minimum, while O₃ showed a maximum in autumn which is in contrast to the seasonal behavior of O₃ in rural eastern China and in many mid-latitude remote locations in the western Pacific. The data were segregated into two groups representing the SCS background air and the outflow of regional continental pollution (PRD plus southern China), based on CO mixing ratios and meteorological conditions. NMHCs and halocarbon data were further analyzed to examine the relationships between their variability and atmospheric lifetime and to elucidate the extent of atmospheric processing in the sampled air parcels. The trace gas variability (S) versus lifetime (τ) relationship, defined by the power law, S_lnx = Aτ^{− b}, (where X is the trace gas mixing ratio) gives a fit parameter A of 1.39 and exponent b of 0.42 for SCS air, and A of 2.86 and b of 0.31 for the regional continental air masses. An examination of ln[n-butane]/ln[ethane] versus ln[propane]/ln[ethane] indicates that their relative abundance was dominated by mixing as opposed to photochemistry in both SCS and regional outflow air masses. The very low ratios of ethyne/CO, propane/ethane and toluene/benzene suggest that the SCS air mass has undergone intense atmospheric processing since these gases were released into the atmosphere. Compared to the results from other polluted rural sites and from urban areas, the large values of these species in the outflow of PRD/southern China suggest source(s) emitting higher levels of ethyne, benzene, and toluene, relative to light alkanes. These chemical characteristics could be unique indicators of anthropogenic emissions from southern China.  相似文献   

黔西南金地球化学块体资源潜力与找矿方法研究     

何邵麟  程国繁  刘应忠  陈智  胡从亮  牟军  罗明学 《矿物学报》2007,27(3):477-482

根据1：20万区域化探填图数据，从黔西南金的地质地球化学背景分析出发，应用地球化学块体理论和方法预测金矿远景资源量，分析微细浸染型金矿的地质地球化学综合找矿标志和评价准则，探讨金的成矿条件和找矿方向。综合分析认为，黔西南金的成矿条件优越，成矿物质来源丰富，资源潜力巨大，尚有较大找矿前景。  相似文献