Hydrogeological framework of the Deccan basalt groundwater systems, west-central India     

H. Kulkarni  S. B. Deolankar  A. Lalwani  B. Joseph  S. Pawar 《Hydrogeology Journal》2000,8(4):368-378

Deccan basalts of west-central India are hydrogeologically inhomogeneous rocks. A proper understanding of the physical framework of the basalts within which groundwater resides and moves is a key to the hydrogeology of these rocks. Two types of basalt, the vesicular amygdaloidal basalt and the compact basalt, occur as alternate layers in the volcanic pile. Although the rocks are generally inhomogeneous, structures in the basalt, such as sheet joints and vertical joints, serve as zones of groundwater flow. In the shallow subsurface, two groundwater systems are operative. Groundwater system A consists of a vesicular amygdaloidal basalt underlain by a compact basalt, whereas groundwater system B consists of a vesicular amygdaloidal basalt overlain by a compact basalt. Groundwater system A has a better developed network of openings and, as a consequence, this system has a higher transmissivity and storage coefficient than groundwater system B. Wells tapping groundwater system A have higher yields on average and irrigate more hectares of cropland than do wells tapping groundwater system B. This simple systems concept offers a practical methodology for understanding the geometry of the physical framework that contains groundwater in the Deccan basalts. The efficacy of the concept is in its widespread utility for the region. The concept may also be extrapolated to help understand the hydrogeology of deeper Deccan basalt groundwater systems.  相似文献   

Magnetic properties of hydrothermally synthesized greigite (Fe₃ S₄ )—II. High- and low-temperature characteristics     

Mark J. Dekkers  Hilde F. Passier  & Martin A. A. Schoonen 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,141(3):809-819

The magnetic behaviour of hydrothermally synthesized greigite was analysed in the temperature range from 4 K to 700 °C. Below room temperature, hysteresis parameters were determined as a function of temperature, with emphasis on the temperature range below 50 K. Saturation magnetization and initial susceptibility were studied above room temperature, along with X-ray diffraction analysis of material heated to various temperatures. The magnetic behaviour of synthetic greigite on heating is determined by chemical alteration rather than by magnetic unblocking. Heating in air yields more discriminative behaviour than heating in argon. When heated in air, the amount of oxygen available for reaction with greigite determines the products and magnetic behaviour. In systems open to contact with air, haematite is the final reaction product. When the contact with air is restricted, magnetite is the final reaction product. When air is excluded, pyrrhotite and magnetite are the final reaction products; the amount of magnetite formed is determined by the purity of the starting greigite and the degree of its surficial oxidation. The saturation magnetization of synthetic greigite is virtually independent of temperature from room temperature down to 4 K. The saturation remanent magnetization increases slowly by 20–30 per cent on cooling from room temperature to 4 K. A broad maximum is observed at ~10 K which may be diagnostic of greigite. The coercive and remanent coercive force both increase smoothly with decreasing temperature to 4 K. The coercive force increases from ~50 mT at room temperature to approximately 100–120 mT at 4 K, and the remanent coercive force increases from approximately 50–80 mT at room temperature to approximately 110–180 mT at 4 K.  相似文献   

Acoustic-Physical Properties of Calcareous Seafloor Soils and Their Significance in Engineering Geology   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

LU Bo 《中国海洋工程》2000,14(3):361-370

—The basic features and acoustic-physical properties of calcareous seafloor soils in the tropicsea area are obviously different from those of sediments mainly composed of terrigenous materials in theSouth China Sea.Generally.calcareous soils.composed of carbonate particles of marine organism re-mains.have the characteristics of high water content.high porosity.low wet density.high sound velocityand greatly varied compressive strength Recogni/ing the differences between calcareous soils andterrigenous sediments and engineering geologic significance of calcareous soils is crucial for seafloorgeologic research and geotechnical survey for pile jacket platform foundation design.  相似文献   

A model for the calculation of the seismic properties of geologic units     

Luigi Burlini 《Surveys in Geophysics》1994,15(5):593-617

A model for the calculation of a representative complete elastic tensor of a geologic body is presented here, in order to fill the gap between the small scale sample and the complex structural and lithological association of a geologic body, which may be of the same large scale as the wavelength used on the seismic survey. The major problems arising during the modelling are discussed, namely the representativity of a suite of hand samples and the evaluation of the volume fraction of the different lithologies comprising a formation. An application example is presented of a metapelitic sequence spanning the tectonic boundary of the Ivrea-Verbano zone with the Serie dei Laghi in Valle Cannobina (N. Italy). It is shown that the effective formation anisotropy is drastically reduced relative to that of hand samples when the structure is averaged over a large area, except for the sheared and mylonitic sub-areas comprising the tectonic contact zone (the Cossato-Mergozzo-Brissago- and Pogallo lines). In these subareas the effective anisotropy is slightly reduced (a few points of a percent) from the hand sample scale to that of the geologic formation. Moreover, because the polarization of the fastest shear wave and the plane of maximum shear wave splitting of the most common crustal rock types coincide with the foliation, there is an opportunity to infer the structure of deep rock formations from teleseismic shear waves.  相似文献   

渤海海冰工程设计特征参数   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13  

李志军  王永学 《海洋工程》2000,18(1):61-64,69

以我国30余年渤海海冰分布、生消规律的调查研究和近10年来海冰物理和力学性质、海冰工程设计参数等应用研究成果为基础,归纳了渤海海冰的基本特点,统计出渤海沿岸海洋站及海上海冰的冰期、冰量、冰厚等时空分布特征值,结合国内外海冰物理和力学试验研究结果,总结出渤海海冰物理和力学设计特征参数。  相似文献   

EPS块体动变形特性的室内试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王庶懋  高玉峰 《岩土力学》2006,27(10):1754-1758

通过室内动三轴试验,研究了EPS（expanded polystyrene）块体在不同围压以及应力水平下的动力特性。试验显示,在不同围压下EPS的动应力-应变关系有很大区别,围压较低且当动剪应力比s < 0.5时, 与 呈线性关系,围压稍大时则为双曲线型。EPS的动应变 和割线动剪切模量Gsec的特点与土也有很大不同,在加载的第一周 即增长到较大值,此后,随循环次数N缓慢增长,直至稳定;Gsec则是先下降,而后缓慢增加,直至稳定。分析试验结果认为40 kPa是EPS最合适的使用围压。  相似文献   

液体对土工织物膨润土垫膨胀性和渗透性的影响     

李志斌  徐超 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z1):581-585

近年来土工织物膨润土垫（GCL）被越来越多地应用到各种防渗工程中,它的膨胀性和渗透性也成为了设计人员和研究人员所关注的焦点。通过水化膨胀试验、自由膨胀试验和渗透试验,研究了液体对GCL膨胀性能和渗透性能的影响以及膨胀性和渗透性之间存在的相关关系。试验结果表明, 水化液和渗透液的种类对GCL的膨胀性和渗透性有很大影响,其影响分别为：(1) 水化液相同时,渗透液的种类对GCL的渗透系数有影响,而渗透液相同时,水化液的种类对GCL的渗透系数也有影响;(2) GCL的水化膨胀量和渗透系数之间存在相关关系,水化膨胀量越大,渗透系数就越低;(3) GCL中膨润土的自由膨胀量和GCL的渗透系数之间也存在相关关系,自由膨胀量越大,GCL的渗透系数就越低。  相似文献   

西藏高原沙尘暴气候特征及成因研究   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

白虎志  马振锋  董文杰  李栋梁  方锋  刘德祥 《中国沙漠》2006,26(2):249-253

利用1960—2000年西藏22个台站观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了西藏沙尘暴日数的时空特征以及沙尘暴异常的气候成因。结果表明：西藏高原年平均沙尘暴日数分布为西多东少,狮泉河、申扎和泽当为年沙尘暴日数超过10 d的中心,它们的年变化特征是1～5月多,7～10月少。年沙尘暴日数的年代际变化特征为中间多、两头少,在20世纪90年代达到最少。青藏高原上空的高空西风急流减弱是导致西藏大风、沙尘暴日数减少的主要原因,影响西风急流偏强（弱）的气候系统是东亚大槽偏浅（深）和青藏高原高压偏强（弱）。沙尘暴日数的年代际异常与高空西风急流、大风日数、降水等要素年代际异常以及沙尘暴区地形地貌等因素关系密切。  相似文献   

不同强度放牧后自然恢复的沙质草地土壤性状特征   总被引：34，自引：11，他引：23  

苏永中  赵哈林  张铜会  崔建恒 《中国沙漠》2002,22(4):333-338

通过对科尔沁沙质草地不同强度放牧后自然恢复过程中土壤的物理、化学和生物学性状特征的研究,结果表明,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、有效氮和速效磷含量以及基础土壤呼吸活性在各处理表层土壤的特征为:中牧后恢复草地>轻牧后恢复草地>无牧恢复草地>重牧后恢复草地;重牧后的恢复草地表层土壤较其它处理有较高的土壤容重和pH值以及较低的过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性;沙质草地的土壤养分和生物学活性在剖面中的分布为上高下低,主要富集于0~ 25cm表层,放牧对土壤系统的影响主要表现在0~ 75cm土层。重度放牧使沙质草地超出了其承载能力和承受干扰的阈限,土壤性状恶化,恢复力降低;而适度的放牧后恢复有利于土壤化学和生物学性状的保持和提高。  相似文献   

人工冻融土物理力学性能研究   总被引：28，自引：2，他引：26  

杨平  张婷 《冰川冻土》2002,24(5):665-667

研究了原状土与人工冻融土的密度、干密度、含水量、饱和度、孔隙比、塑限、液限、塑性指数、液性指数、渗透系数等物理指标, 以及抗剪强度、无侧限抗压强度、压缩模量等力学指标的差异性. 土冻融后, 密度、干密度及塑性指数略有降低, 孔隙比、液性指数略有增大, 而其它物理指标基本一致. 粘土冻融后, 渗透性大大增加, 为原状土的～10倍, 而砂土仅略有增大. 粘土冻融后无侧限抗压强度是原状土的1/～1/2, 灵敏度降低, 其结果对冻结法向市政岩土工程的应用推广具有重要意义.  相似文献