寒潮期间高空波动与东亚急流的相互作用   总被引：5，自引：9，他引：5  

高守亭  陶诗言  丁一汇 《大气科学》1992,16(6):718-724

本文分析了东亚寒潮爆发过程中,高空波动和高空急流的相互作用,得出如下结果:(1)高空波动的动量和热通量输送,使高空急流迅速加速并同时导致急流入口区质量环流的加强.(2)质量环流引起中高纬度对流层顶下沉并使高空锋区加强.(3)对流层顶下沉和高空锋区的加强促使平流层下层的气流沿对流层顶折叠处下伸进入对流层,造成对流层中、上部层结及位涡分布的改变.(4)位涡分布的改变制约了斜压波发展的能量源,致使高空波动减弱.  相似文献   

中尺度大气运动中孤立重力波特征的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

许习华  丁一汇 《大气科学》1991,15(4):58-68

通过对斜压大气(基本风场有垂直切变)运动中重力内波的研究发现:对于小振幅扰动(弱非线性问题),考虑波动之间的非线性相互作用以后,控制重力内波波包(调制波)的演变方程是非线性Schrodinger方程.然后通过对冷锋爆发冷涌过程的计算表明:冷涌主体前沿的宽度约10km,行进速度约为13/s,随着冷涌的增强,其宽度变窄.这些计算结果与实际的观测结果比较一致.  相似文献   

Spectral Characteristics and Multi-Scale Structure of the Boundary-Layer Wind Field During Cold Front Passages Over East China     

Xu Yumao  Pan Yinong  Sun Aidong 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,85(3):423-446

In this paper, data obtained from a 164 m and a195 m meteorological tower in the northern suburb ofNanjing have been used to estimate and analyzetime-space distributions for velocity spectra andscales of multi-scaling turbulence during thepassages of two cold fronts. Results show that anon-precipitating weak cold front and aprecipitating cold front were clearly revealed bytheir wind field structures. The frontal passageinfluenced all meteorological variables over aperiod of 18–24 hours for the former, and a longerperiod of 44–56 hours for the latter. During these periods there occurred gust surges and eddymotions of various meso- and micro-scales with periodsof 3–4 hours and 1–20 minutes respectively. In the inertialsubrange Kolmogorov's -2/3 power law for thevelocity spectrum is partly distorted and theturbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer is not isotropic.  相似文献   

Sedimentary characteristics of palaeolake deposits along the Indus River valley,Ladakh, Trans‐Himalaya: Implications for the depositional environment          下载免费PDF全文

Debarati Nag  Binita Phartiyal  Dhruv Sen Singh 《Sedimentology》2016,63(6):1765-1785

This study is an attempt to contribute to the data set of granulometric studies of sediments by measuring the sedimentary structure and texture, along with statistical parameters, of cold and arid lake systems. The palaeolake sequence along the River Indus on the western fringe of the Tibetan Plateau in Ladakh sector was selected in order to shed light on depositional environmental changes within the lake from post‐last glacial maximum to 5 ka. The River Indus was blocked by Lamayuru dam burst during the deglaciation, after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the subsequent increase in water level led to the formation of the Saspol–Khalsi palaeolake. This lake was ca 55 km in length, extending from Nimo to Khalsi, had a surface area of 370 km² and was in existence until 5 ka. Two sections (Saspol and Khalsi) separated by an aerial distance of 35 km show a similar trend in sediment character due to their deposition in the same lake system. Grain‐size studies show a polymodal nature of sediments for both of the sections. However, sediments of the lower/downstream section (Khalsi) show a poorer degree of sorting, and coarser grain size and high energy depositional condition as compared with the sediments of Saspol section (positioned upstream) due to the location of the sections within the lake system. It was noted that, in high‐altitude arid regions, the sedimentological characteristics of large‐sized valley lakes may vary greatly, horizontally as well as vertically, owing to local stream input, inflow intensity from the catchment, outflow velocity of water channels, lithology and valley widths at the different sites.  相似文献   

Hazard Assessment of Cold and Hot Damage for Double-Season Early Rice (DSER) in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin     

Yao Pengjuan  Wang Chunyi  Zhang Jiquan 《地球科学进展》2016,31(5):503-514

Cold and hot damages which are both common disasters occurring in DSER growth time in lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin harm early rice. The two disasters occurrence should be deeply studied to protect the DSER yield. This study was based on meteorological data of 48 agricultural meteorological stations during 1961-2010 period and agricultural meteorological data during 1981-2010 for DSER in lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. In this study, the growth time was divided into several phases according to the growth stage, including tillering stage, booting stage, flowering stage and filling stage. The disasters taking place at some stages was identified by building new judging standard and their intensity value was calculated by harm accumulated temperature calculation model. Fisher optimal division method was used to classify the disasters and H-P filter was used to consider the reduction of the yield. It was conducted to analize the disasters’ characteristics in growing season, the intensity of hazard and the weight of hazard at each stage by judging and quantifying cold and hot damage and developing hazard assessment model of disasters. All findings were displayed in maps by GIS technology. The results showed that: ①New disaster judging standard was more suitable for DSER and the hazard assessment model could reveal the disaster situation in lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. ②Cold damage was severe at tillering stage while hot damage was severe at filling stage. In the view of the distribution of the decadal disaster intensity, cold damage became to be weak and hot damage became to be strong. Compared with the plains, mountainous region and hilly ground were attacked by cold damage frequently and hot damage rarely from the perspective of spatial distribution of disasters. Distinctly, plains near large areas of water were often harmed by cold damage at booting and flowering stage. ③The area of high hazard value and high disasters value at each stage were overlapped by each other roughly. Studying the hazard of the whole growth season showed that the highest hazard value was in Zhejiang province, and the next in Hubei Province. So Hu’nan and Jiangxi Provinces were quite suitable to grow DSER. ④In contrast with the hazard weight at each stage, the vulnerable phases of the whole growth time were in sequence of filling stage> tillering stage> flowering stage > booting stage. What’s more, aiming at defensing and fending off risk, some special stages in special province should be paid close attention including booting and filling stages in Hubei Province, tillering and flowering and filling stages in Hu’nan Province, tillering and filling stages in Jiangxi Province, flowering and filling stages in Zhejiang Province. The conclusion can be taken as theoretical basis for the government management of agricultural production, disaster prevention and mitigation.  相似文献   

2014年春末黄海中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)的呼吸率与油脂积累     

周孔霖  孙松  张芳 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(5):971-976

春末是黄海冷水团中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)度夏种群形成的关键时期。在此期间,中华哲水蚤C5期桡足类幼体(简称C5期)的油脂积累程度关系到种群能否顺利度夏。本文从呼吸率、油囊体积以及种群组成等角度,对春末黄海冷水团内外以及冷水团区表、底层的中华哲水蚤进行比较研究。结果表明,2014年5月底黄海冷水团初步形成,此时冷水团区中华哲水蚤C4和C5期幼体丰度占总体的62%—93%,种群处于度夏前的准备阶段。冷水团区C5期的平均呼吸率是近岸C5期的68%,同时冷水团底层C5期的油囊体积百分数是近岸种群的2.4倍。由此推测,冷水团区次表层较厚的温跃层(19—25m,0.3—0.5°C/m)以及冷水团的低温环境有利于C5期幼体降低呼吸消耗,进而增加油脂的积累。此外,冷水团区表、底层C5期的呼吸率相近,但底层C5期油囊体积百分数为表层的1.9—4.2倍,积累大量油脂的C5期偏向在冷水团底部活动。  相似文献   

新疆"4.23"强寒潮降温特征分析     

牟欢 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(3):59-65

利用常规天气观测资料、美国NCEP 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料,应用天气学原理和天气动力诊断分析方法,对2014年4月22—24日一场春季强寒潮降温天气("4·23"强寒朝)进行分析。结果表明:(1)前期北疆500 hPa上空被弱脊控制,欧洲脊强烈发展,强北风带建立,中高纬环流由纬向转为经向。中期欧洲脊衰退,引导冷空气向东南爆发,长波槽迅速东移南下侵入北疆,造成了本次寒潮天气。(2)寒潮爆发前期,日平均气温较历年同期偏高以及地形因素是导致冷空气强烈爆发、气温陡降的有利因素。(3)沿46°N的垂直温度平流、θ_(se)剖面图可以分析得出,地面冷锋先与高空锋面进入新疆境内,冷空气在6 h内迅速移动并且强度明显加强。(4)锋生函数分析表明强降温的区域、寒潮的路径和起始时间与其中心变化有很好的对应关系,可以清楚地分析出冷空气的时空变化。  相似文献   

一次冷空气强风的成因分析   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

王雷 《海洋预报》2005,22(4):96-101

文章分析了2004年12月底的一次冷空气强风过程,揭示了冷空气南下与东海低压的发展造成的气压梯度、高低空较强的冷平流以及中低空辐合辐散差异引起的动力强迫下沉作用所造成的动量下传是造成本次猛烈强风的主要原因.最大强风发生区域和发生时间既与低层和中层700hPa分别转为辐散和辐合中心对应,又与中低层700hPa以下正好处于下沉速度中心附近对应.  相似文献   

北黄海冷水团环流结构探讨──潮混合锋对环流结构的影响   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10  

赵保仁 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(4):429-435

简述北黄海冷水团环流结构研究现状，指出已有研究成果中的主要问题，然后用一个诊断模型给出了冷水团环流结构，得到冷水团环向主要存在于海洋上层接近冷水团边界处，径向运动也主要存在于断面两端，上层为离岸流，下层为向岸流；冷水团中心的上升流极为微弱，且仅存在于海洋上层，温跃层下的冷水团中心区域的流动极为微弱，几乎为“死水”一般，上述环流结构对冷水团中心部分的温、盐度长期保持不变及跃层底部溶解氧最大值的形成和  相似文献   

夏季北黄海冷水团多年变化特征分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张以恳  杨玉玲 《海洋预报》1996,(4)

本文根据横贯北黄海冷水团的大连—成山角断面的４２年观测资料，采用“相似系数”方法分析了北黄海冷水团的分布范围、低温中心位置、厚度、相对体积、温、盐特征等的多年变化特征。根据诸特征的标准离差，将这４２年北黄海冷水团划分为强、弱和平年三种情况  相似文献