An analysis on observed and simulated PNA associated atmospheric diabatic heating     

B. Yu  Y. M. Tang  X. B. Zhang  A. Niitsoo 《Climate Dynamics》2009,33(1):75-91

This study examines the PNA associated atmospheric diabatic heating by linearly isolating the influence of ENSO. The analysis is based on the NCEP–NCAR and ERA-40 reanalyses and a 1,000-year-long integration of the CCCma coupled climate model. Both the vertically integrated and three-dimensional diabatic heating are examined. The Rossby wave sources in association with the PNA are also diagnosed. The PNA-related heating is confined outside the tropics and is dominated by anomalies in the eastern Pacific, with a north–south dipole structure in mid-latitudes and the northern subtropics. The heating anomalies change sign with height in mid-latitudes but have the same sign throughout the troposphere in the northern subtropics. Relatively weak heating anomalies also appear in mid-latitudes, downstream of the heating dipole over North America and the western North Atlantic. The heating anomalies are largely supported by the advections related to the mean state throughout the troposphere, and partially damped by the advections related to the eddy effect, particularly at the upper troposphere over the North Pacific. Broadly similar patterns are seen from the NCEP–NCAR and ERA-40 reanalyses. Yet anomalous heating centers are generally located at relatively lower troposphere for the ERA-40 with respect to the NCEP–NCAR. The tropical heating anomalies are rather weak, remarkably different from those related to ENSO variability. In addition, the Rossby wave source collocates with the atmospheric diabatic forcing in the mid-high latitudes over the PNA sector, and shows no forcing source in the tropics. The results demonstrate possible forcing in the mid-high latitudes, regardless of tropical heating for the PNA teleconnection. The modeled heating and wave forcing anomalies in association with the modeled PNA compare reasonably well with the reanalysis-based estimates, increasing confidence in the observational results. The analysis provides further evidence of the independence of the PNA on ENSO from the diabatic heating point of view.  相似文献   

线性准地转模型中副热带环流对潜热加热的定常响应I.基本性质及特征分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张亚妮  刘屹岷  吴国雄 《大气科学》2009,33(4):868-878

利用线性理论模型进行解析和模拟是大气科学的重要基础研究方法之一, 其简单明了, 解释了如Rossby波形成等重要的环流现象。近年, 有研究 (Chen et al., 2001) 运用定常线性准地转模型研究副热带高压的形成, 在相似加热强迫下, 其结果与理论研究和GCM的研究不同。本文运用该模型系统研究了由季风降水产生的潜热加热所激发的副热带定常波的结构特征, 以理解其结果与GCM不一致的原因。研究表明基本流对热强迫的定常波的结构有重要的影响: (1) 当基本流为东风或为零时, 定常波在垂直方向上表现为第一斜压结构, 波动振幅随东风的增大而减小; (2) 当基本流为西风时, 呈现向上的传播特征, 振幅随高度的升高而增大。而且存在一个临界风速Uc(约3 m/s), 此时, 波动振幅最强; 基本流的平流作用具有非对称性, 西风时平流作用远远强于东风。由此揭示了该线性模型解的本质: 加热在热源区所激发的经向地转涡度输送必须能够平衡加热的位涡制造和纬向位涡平流; 基本流的经向和垂直方向的变化使得气旋和反气旋中心偏向热源中心北侧, 并进一步发现当基本流为夏季亚洲季风区纬向平均的纬向风场时, 线性模型的解中位于中低层的反气旋中心显著抬升, 而不出现在地面上, 与完整的大气环流模式的结果接近。说明即使在线性模式中, 洋面副高的形成也不能完全用季风潜热加热来解释; 另外, 静力稳定度对热强迫的副热带环流的影响也很重要, 使热源的强迫作用放大。  相似文献   

郑州市冬季采暖期气候变化特征及节能潜力分析     

刘和平  代佩玲  郭学峰  张青珍  周志刚 《河南气象》2009,(3):59-63

利用郑州市1951—2007年日平均气温资料,按照国家采暖规范从气候角度上确定了符合郑州特点的采暖初终日,较规定的初、终日（11月15日至次年3月15日）有明显推迟和提前的趋势,并分析了采暖期长度及采暖期的气候变化特征,结果表明：进7．90年代特别是21世纪初采暖期明显缩短,平均较80年代缩短了14d左右。在此基础上研究了近57a来采暖期气候条件的变化,并通过构建采暖强度、采暖指数指标,讨论这种变化对能源消耗和环境保护的影响,从科学角度提出节能的可能性。  相似文献   

郑州市冬季采暖期气候变化特征及节能潜力分析     

刘和平  代佩玲  郭学峰  张青珍  周志刚   《气象与环境科学》2009,32(3):59-63

利用郑州市1951—2007年日平均气温资料,按照国家采暖规范从气候角度上确定了符合郑州特点的采暖初终日,较规定的初、终日（11月15日至次年3月15日）有明显推迟和提前的趋势,并分析了采暖期长度及采暖期的气候变化特征,结果表明：进7．90年代特别是21世纪初采暖期明显缩短,平均较80年代缩短了14d左右。在此基础上研究了近57a来采暖期气候条件的变化,并通过构建采暖强度、采暖指数指标,讨论这种变化对能源消耗和环境保护的影响,从科学角度提出节能的可能性。  相似文献   

结合“海棠”台风（2005）定量分析非绝热加热对湿 Q 矢量诊断能力的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

岳彩军 《气象学报》2010,68(1):59-69

湿Q矢量最大特点就是考虑了非绝热加热作用,各种湿Q矢量差异也主要表现在对非绝热加热计算处理方案的不同.因此,通过比较分析非绝热加热作用,可揭示出不同湿Q矢量之间诊断能力的差异.2005年第5号登陆台风"海棠"在7月19日08时20 H 08时,给福建省东北部及浙江省造成大范围暴雨.WRF模式成功模拟出此次台风暴雨过程.文章将结合"海棠"台风(2005)登陆台风暴雨过程,利用 WRF模式模拟输出的气象要素,通过计算降水场,定量分析了非绝热加热作用及其对湿Q矢量诊断能力的影响.结果表明:(1)对于公包括大尺度凝结加热的非绝热加热作用H1及包括了潜热加热(大尺度凝结加热和对流凝结加热)、感热加热和辐射加热的非绝热加热作用H2来讲,局地变化项的强迫作用较垂直平流项、水平平流项的强迫作用约小1-2个量级,可以忽略不计,垂直平流项的强迫作用是主要成分,对于水平平流项来讲,尽管其强迫作用明显小于垂直平流项的强迫作用,但也明显大于局地变化项的强迫作用,考虑其将更有利于充分反映H1、H2的强迫作用.对于包括非均匀饱和大气中潜热加热的H3来讲,水平平流项与垂直平流项的强迫作用相当,均为主要成分,而局地变化项的强迫作用为次要成分且不容忽视,对其考虑将有助于全面描述H2的强迫作用.(2)非绝热加热作用H1、H2以及H3强迫产生的24 h累积降水场具有相似的水平分佰特征,三者强迫产生的逐时雨量随时间演变特征也非常相似,这表明水汽凝结潜热是非绝热加热作用的主要成分.(3)进一步结合模拟降水场分析表明,相对于H1强迫产生的降水场来讲,H2与H3强迫产生的降水场更接近模拟结果,这揭示出包含H2的湿Q矢量与包含H2的湿Q矢量诊断能力相近,且对降水反映能力较包含H1的湿Q矢量诊断能力强.(4)不同湿Q矢量各自有其自身诊断特点,根据不同研究目的的需要,可有针对性的选取相应的湿Q矢量来作为研究工具.如需要具体、细敛分析水汽潜热的强迫作用,可以选朋包含H1、H3的湿Q矢量,如仅需考虑总的湿Q矢量强迫作用,则可以直接选用包含H2的湿矢量.  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐及周边城市空气质量变化特征及影响因素分析     

刘新春  钟玉婷  何清  郭志忠 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2010,4(2):12-17

利用美英等国5个海气耦合气候模式对黑龙江省(主要包括哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、牡丹江和佳木斯4个地区)年、季平均气温前后近100 a进行模拟和预测结果,预估黑龙江省哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、牡丹江和佳木斯4个城市气候变暖情景下未来100 a的采暖降温气候条件.可以为黑龙江省适应未来气候变化提供依据,为政府决策和能源公司做长远规划提供参考.  相似文献   

A Case Study on a Quasi-Stationary Meiyu Front Bringing About Continuous Rainstorms with Piecewise Potential Vorticity Inversion          下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO Yuchun  LI Zechun  XIAO Ziniu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(2):202-223

A 4-day persistent rainstorm resulting in serious flooding disasters occurred in the north of Fujian Province under the influences of a quasi-stationary Meiyu front during 5-8 June 2006. With 1°× 1° latitude and longitude NCEP reanalysis data and the ground surface rainfall, using the potential vorticity （PV） analysis and PV inversion method, the evolution of main synoptic systems, and the corresponding PV and PV perturbation （or PV anomalies） and their relationship with heavy rainfall along the Meiyu front are analyzed in order to investigate the physical mechanism of the formation, development, and maintenance of the Meiyu front. Furthermore, the PV perturbations related to different physics are separated to investigate their different roles in the formation and development of the Meiyu front. The results show： the formation and persistence of the Meiyu front in a quasi-WE orientation are mainly due to the maintenance of the high-pressure systems in its south/north sides （the West Pacific subtropical high/ the high pressure band extending from the Korean Peninsula to east of North China）. The Meiyu front is closely associated with the PV in the lower troposphere. The location of the positive PV perturbation on the Meiyu front matches well with the main heavy rainfall area along the Meiyu front. The PV inversion reveals that the balanced winds satisfying the nonlinear balanced assumption represent to a large extent the real atmospheric flow and its evolution basically reflects the variation of stream flow associated with the Meiyu front. The unbalanced flow forms the convergence band of the Meiyu front and it mainly comes from the high-pressure system in the north side of the Meiyu front. The positive PV perturbation related to latent heat release in the middle-lower troposphere is one of the main factors influencing the formation and development of the Meiyu front. The positive vorticity band from the total balanced winds is in accordance with the Meiyu front band and the magnitude of the posit  相似文献   

Sensitivity of the Simulated Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation to Cumulus Parameterizations          下载免费PDF全文

JIA Xiaolong  LI Chongyin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(3)

The sensitivity of the simulated tropical intraseasonal oscillation or MJO (Madden and Julian oscilla tion)to different cumulus parameterizations is studied by using an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM)-SAMIL(Spectral Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG).Results show that performance of the model in simulating the MJO alters widely when using two different cumulus parameterization schemes-the moist convective adjustment scheme(MCA)and the Zhang-McFarlane(ZM)scheme.MJO simulated by the MCA scheme was found to be more realistic than that simulated by the ZM scheme.MJO produced by the ZM scheme is too weak and shows little propagation characteristics.Weak moisture convergence at low levels simulated by the ZM scheme is not enough to maintain the structure and the eastward propagation of the oscillation.These two cumulus schemes produced different vertical structures of the heating profile.The heating profile produced by the ZM scheme is nearly uniform with height and the heating is too weak compared to that produced by the MCA,which maybe contributes greatly to the failure of simulating a reasonable MJO.Comparing the simulated MJO by these two schemes indicate that the MJO simulated by the GCM is highly sensitive to cumulus parameterizations implanted in.The diabatic heating profile plays an important role in the performance of the GCM.Three sensitivity experiments with different heating profiles are designed in which modified heating profiles peak respectively in the upper troposphere(UH), middle troposphere(MH),and lower troposphere(LH).Both the LH run and the MH run produce eastward propagating signals on the intraseasonal timescale,while it is interesting that the intraseasonal timescale signals produced by the UH run propagate westward.It indicates that a realistic intraseasonal oscillation is more prone to be excited when the maximum heating concentrates in the middle-low levels,especially in the middle levels,while westward propagating disturbances axe more prone to be produced when the maximum heating appears very high.  相似文献   

夏季沿西亚急流Rossby波活动异常的波源和能量传播及转换特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杨莲梅  张庆云 《气象学报》2008,66(4):555-565

用1958-2003年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用涡度源方程、Eliassen-Palm通量(EP通量)和非绝热效应的波能方程,分析了夏季沿西亚急流Rossby波活动(WAJRA)异常的波源、能量传播和转换特征,从大气动力学内部机制上进一步认识WAJRA异常的成因,提高对中高纬大气环流异常机理的理解.研究表明,对流层高层位于地中海和北大西洋-斯堪的纳维亚半岛的负涡度源区和EP通量强辐散区为夏季WAJRA异常的波源区.当波源区位置和强度出现异常时,波源所激发东传的Rossby波活动也出现异常,从而导致WAJRA强弱变化.WAJRA强(弱)年冰岛-斯堪的那维亚半岛(斯堪的那维亚半岛以东)EP通量强辐散区激发Rossby波并沿2条路径向东传播,一支向东传播在乌拉尔山附近转向东南并在里海、咸海-新疆上空进入亚洲副热带西风急流传播增强(减弱),另一支直接向东南方向传播在地中海东部-黑海附近进入亚洲西风急流增强(减弱),此外,地中海上空EP通量辐散也增强(减弱),它们共同作用使得WAJRA增强(减弱).沿西亚地区副热带西风急流(简称西亚急流,指亚洲副热带西风急流的15°-60°E部分)非绝热加热产生扰动有效位能远大于基本气流动能向扰动动能的转换和基本气流有效位能向扰动有效位能的转换.西亚急流Rossby波活动强年(弱年)伊朗高原及其北侧的西亚地区非绝热加热产生的有效位能增强(减弱)显著,是WAJRA增强(减弱)的能量源.  相似文献   

2003年淮河流域致洪暴雨的环流背景及其与大气热源的关系   总被引：19，自引：14，他引：5  

王黎娟  管兆勇  何金海 《气象科学》2008,28(1):1-7

利用NCAR/NCEP的逐日再分析资料和降水资料,分析了2003年夏季淮河流域致洪暴雨的环流背景及其与大气热源的关系.结果表明,2002-2003年的El Nino事件是本次暴雨的前期背景;南海地区的视热源和视水汽汇异常可能是副高偏南维持的重要原因之一.与2003年夏季相比较,6月21日-7月22日淮河流域为正的异常视热源和视水汽汇,并且二者的高值中心与该时段雨量中心位置基本一致.孟加拉湾地区的异常加热源在其西北侧强迫出的高层反气旋性环流有利于南亚高压在青藏高原、江南、华南地区维持,从而使得淮河流域位于高压北侧高空西风急流入口区南侧的上升运动区,有利于淮河流域强降水发生和维持,形成该流域洪涝.  相似文献