非均匀层结下的对称不稳定          下载免费PDF全文

张立凤  张铭 《大气科学》1997,21(5):627-632

研究了非均匀层结下的对称不稳定，给出了不稳定发生的判据，并将该微分方程的特征值问题化为一个实对称矩阵的特征值问题，还取不同的层结廓线进行了数值计算。  相似文献   

HLAFS和T63数值预报产品在暴雨分析中的应用     

陈威  姜荣 《黑龙江气象》1997,(3):10-12

首次使用ＨＬＡＦＳ数值预报产品对黑龙江省暴雨进行分析，结合Ｔ６３数值预报产品，利用两者提供的物理一０８时和２０时的实况场和预报场格点资料，对黑龙江省一次暴雨过程进行分析，找出了暴雨发生的物理机制，指出深厚的水汽条件以及水汽的辐合，强烈的上升运动和不稳定能量的存贮和释放是产生暴雨的关键因素。  相似文献   

大气对流边界层中的涡漩结构   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

桑建国 《气象学报》1997,55(3):285-296

大气边界层中存在尺度从几百米到几十公里的大涡漩运动。它们在边界层中动量、热量、水汽等垂直输送中起重要作用。作者从边界层中对流和上部稳定层中波动相互作用的观点，发展得出大涡结构的对流波动理论。根据此理论，大涡的波谱构成主要由上、下层大气中风向、风速、层结以及两层之间的温度跃变等因素决定。本文根据卫星云图和天气资料分析了一次冷空气爆发流经暖洋面上形成云街、对流单体以及它们之间的相互演化的过程，并用对流波动理论，依据各阶段的大气条件计算出它们的波数构成，并得出了垂直速度、辐合带、界面扰动的分布，解释了云街、对流单体的形成、结构及相互转化的原因  相似文献   

论边界层中的大气扩散PDF模式   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐大海  朱蓉  李宗恺 《气象学报》1997,55(6):670-680

基于大气扩散Ｋ理论，用作为风速脉动均方差和拉氏时间尺度函数的湍流交换系数，得到了直接利用风速脉动几率密度而不用扩散参数的大气扩散ＰＤＦ模式。分别研究了对流边界层上升气流区与下降区垂直速度的统计特征，求得双正态ＰＤＦ模式。在给定ＣＢＬ自身参数如对流特征速度ｗ＊，顶高ｈｉ和源高度上的平均风速时，该模式计算出的无量纲浓度分布与室内外测试结果一致。  相似文献   

极隙区电子束流模电磁不稳定性          下载免费PDF全文

周国成  金长文 《地球物理学报》1997,40(1):10-17

解析地研究了中高度（离他心3－4个地球半径）极隙区极低密度上行电子束流引起的沿磁力线传播的电磁个稳定性，上行电子束流和背景等离子体都考虑成冷等离子体．结果表明，上行电子引起的左旋和右旋圆偏振电磁来流模是不稳定的，当它与离子回旋模耦合时增长率达到最大值，频率色散关系仍为电子束流模特征这此结果对解释权隙区纬度地面站低频电磁波观测资料和理解极隙区动力学过程是很有益的．  相似文献   

AN EVALUATION OF SEVERAL TURBULENCE SCHEMES FOR THE PREDICTION OF MEAN AND TURBULENT FIELDS IN COMPLEX TERRAIN   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PETER J. HURLEY 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,83(1):43-73

A prognostic three-dimensional mesoscale model has been developed andused in one- and two-dimensional modes to evaluate ten local turbulenceclosure schemes. The schemes ranged from first-order to the two-equationprognostic schemes. Predictions by the models were compared for aone-dimensional convective boundary layer using mixed layer scaling andmeasurements to interpret the results. Two-dimensional simulations were alsoperformed for a sea-breeze flow and for flow over a hill. The results showedthat for all of the models considered, minor differences were produced in themean meteorological fields and in the vertical scalar fluxes, but majordifferences were apparent in the velocity variances and dissipation rate.Predicted tracer concentrations were very sensitive to the turbulence modelformulation for dispersion from a point source in the convective boundarylayer, particularly for the prediction of maximum concentrations. Predictedtracer concentrations from a surface volume source for the two-dimensionalsimulations were similar for all models, although the degree of mixing in themorning growth period produced some differences. Generally, good results forthe mean meteorological fields can be obtained with first-order schemes, evenif they underpredict the magnitude of turbulence in the convective boundarylayer, and reasonable tracer concentrations can also be obtained with thesemodels provided near-source effects are not important. The two-equationprognostic models performed best for the prediction of turbulence in theconvective boundary layer.  相似文献   

Observation of gravity waves in a boreal forest     

X. Lee  H.H. Neumann  G. Hartog  R.E. Mickle  J.D. Fuentes  T.A. Black  P.C. Yang  P.D. Blanken 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,84(3):383-398

In this paper we report the results of the analysis of two 60-min wave events that occurred in a boreal aspen forest during the 1994 BOREAS (Boreal Ecosystems-Atmosphere Study) field experiment. High frequency wind and temperature data were provided by three 3-D sonic anemometer/thermometers and fourteen fine-wire thermocouples positioned within and above the forest. Wave phase speeds, estimated from information revealed by spectral analysis and linear plane wave equations, are 2.2 and 1.3 m s^-1 for the two events. The wavelengths are 130 m and 65 m respectively and are much larger than the vertical wave displacements. There is strong evidence from the present analysis and from the literature supporting our postulate that these waves are generated by shear instability. We propose that wind shear near the top of the stand is often large enough to reduce the gradient Richardson number below the critical value of 0.25 and thus is able to trigger the instability. When external conditions are favorable, the instability will grow into waves.  相似文献   

斜坡失稳时间的协同预测模型     

黄润秋  许强 《山地学报》1997,(1)

斜坡岩体由小变形到大变形乃至滑坡的发生，实质上是由组成斜坡的各子系统协同作用的结果．将协同学引入斜坡的稳定性预测评价中，并提出了一种新的斜坡失稳时间预测模型──协同预测模型．经实例检验，该模型预测精度较高，可用于滑坡的短期或临滑预报．  相似文献   

基于SLFT的边坡强度折减法失稳判据     

方宏伟  吴建勋  侯振坤 《高校地质学报》1997,25(5):766

强度折减法在评价边坡稳定性时不需要假设和搜索临界滑裂面，相对于其它方法具有一定优势，但失稳判据尚无明 确标准。滑移线场理论（SLFT） 可以计算得到的极限状态下的边坡坡面曲线（简称极限坡面曲线），已有研究表明极限坡 面曲线与边坡坡面的相对位置关系可以判断边坡稳定性。基于该结论提出一种边坡强度折减法失稳判据：不同折减系数计 算得到不同的强度参数，因此滑移线场理论计算得到的极限坡面曲线将发生变化，当极限坡面曲线与边坡坡面在坡底相离 时，判断边坡为稳定状态；当极限坡面曲线与边坡坡面相交于坡脚时，判断边坡为极限平衡状态；当极限坡面曲线与边坡 坡面相交时，判断边坡为失稳状态。对标准边坡考题的计算结果表明：提出的失稳判据收敛性较好，安全系数计算结果与 标准答案和已有失稳判据分析结论相差较小；传统失稳判据收敛指标的确定没有明确标准，当位移突变曲线光滑时很难找 到突变点，很难准确计算对应的安全系数，更重要的是传统失稳判据判断边坡极限状态受到人为主观因素的影响，而提出 的失稳判据可以实现失稳判据的客观标准化；确定的临界滑裂面形状以及在边坡中的位置都与标准答案基本一致，提出的 失稳判据适用于强度折减法。  相似文献   

Laboratory and Numerical Studies of the Convective Boundary Layer Capped by a Strong Inversion     

Yuji Ohya  Takanori Uchida 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,112(2):223-240

The convective boundary layer (CBL) with a wide range of stability is simulated experimentally using a thermally stratified wind tunnel, and numerically by direct numerical simulation (DNS). The turbulence structures and flow characteristics of various CBL flows, capped by a strong temperature inversion and affected by surface shear, are investigated. The various vertical profiles of turbulence statistics similar to those from the observed CBL in the field are successfully simulated in both the wind-tunnel experiment and in DNS. The comparison of the wind-tunnel data and DNS results with those of atmospheric observations and water-tank studies shows the crucial dependence of the turbulence statistics in the upper part of the layer on the strength of the inversion layer, as well as the modification of the CBL turbulence regime by the surface shear.  相似文献