An evaluation of the effects of cloud parameterization in the R42L9 GCM   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

WU Tongwen  WANG Zaizhi  LIU Yimin  YU Rucong  WU Guoxiong 《大气科学进展》2004,21(2):153-162

Cloud is one of the uncertainty factors influencing the performance of a general circulation model (GCM)．Recently,the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,Institute of Atmospheric Physics(LASG／IAP)has developed a new version of a GCM(R42L9)．In this  相似文献   

基于GLASS数据估算中国陆表净辐射及其空间分布分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈征  胡德勇  蒋卫国  曹冉 《地理研究》2016,35(1):25-36

地表辐射收支是能量循环的重要参数,影响着地球水热平衡,是全球气候变化研究的重要方面。多数研究利用MODIS数据估算地表辐射收支,模型输入参数复杂。综合利用GLASS数据、MODIS数据和地面实测数据,采用Bisht等提出的净辐射估算方法,制订一种简单的地表辐射收支估算方案,分别计算2010年1-12月中旬卫星过境时刻中国陆表净辐射的最大值。通过改进的正弦模型将估算结果转换为日最大地表净辐射,并利用地面实测日最大净辐射值对估算结果进行了验证。研究表明：综合利用GLASS数据、MODIS数据和地面实测数据建立的地表辐射收支模型能够很好地模拟中国陆表净辐射的分布,与地面实测日最大净辐射值具有较好的一致性,平均误差为27.21 W?m^-2,克服了利用其他遥感数据估算地表辐射收支输入参数复杂,数据量大的缺点,适用于大尺度地表陆表辐射收支研究。  相似文献   

An efficient numerical model for hydrodynamic parameterization in 2D fractured dual-porosity media     

《Advances in water resources》2014

This paper presents a robust and efficient numerical model for the parameterization of the hydrodynamic in fractured porous media. The developed model is based upon the refinement indicators algorithm for adaptive multi-scale parameterization. For each level of refinement, the Levenberg–Marquardt method is used to minimize the difference between the measured and predicted data that are obtained by solving the direct problem with the mixed finite element method. Sensitivities of state variables with respect to the parameters are calculated by the sensitivity method. The adjoint-state method is used to calculate the local gradients of the objective function necessary for the computation of the refinement indicators. Validity and efficiency of the proposed model are demonstrated by means of several numerical experiments. The developed numerical model provides encouraging results, even for noisy data and/or with a reduced number of measured heads.  相似文献   

Impacts of boundary layer parameterization schemes and air-sea coupling on WRF simulation of the East Asian summer monsoon   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

WANG ZiQian  DUAN AnMin  WU GuoXiong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(7):1480-1493

The planetary boundary layer(PBL)scheme in the regional climate model(RCM)has a significant impact on the interactions and exchanges of moisture,momentum,and energy between land,ocean,and atmosphere;however,its uncertainty will cause large systematic biases of RCM.Based on the four different PBL schemes(YSU,ACM2,Boulac,and MYJ)in Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model,the impacts of these schemes on the simulation of circulation and precipitation during the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)are investigated.The simulated results of the two local turbulent kinetic energy(TKE)schemes,Boulac and MYJ,are more consistent with the observations than those in the two nonlocal closure schemes,YSU and ACM2.The former simulate more reasonable low-level southwesterly flow over East China and west pacific subtropical high(WPSH)than the latter.As to the modeling of summer monsoon precipitation,both the spatial distributions and temporal evolutions from Boulac and MYJ are also better than those in YSU and ACM2 schemes.In addition,through the comparison between YSU and Boulac experiments,the differences from the results of EASM simulation are more obvious over the oceanic area.In the experiments with the nonlocal schemes YSU and ACM2,the boundary layer mixing processes are much stronger,which lead to produce more sea surface latent heat flux and enhanced convection,and finally induce the overestimated precipitation and corresponding deviation of monsoon circulation.With the further study,it is found that the absence of air-sea interaction in WRF may amplify the biases caused by PBL scheme over the ocean.Consequently,there is a reduced latent heat flux over the sea surface and even more reasonable EASM simulation,if an ocean model coupled into WRF.  相似文献   

A STUDY ON THE IMPACTS OF LATENT HEAT PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME ON PREDICTION SKILL OF ENSO WITH A SIMPLE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COUPLED     

岳彩军  陆维松  李小凡 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2010,16(1):10-19

This study revises Weare’s latent heat parameterization scheme and conducts an associated theoretic analysis. The revised Weare’s scheme is found to present potentially better results than Zebiak’s scheme. The Zebiak-Cane coupled ocean-atmosphere model, initialized by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis of wind stress anomaly at 925 hPa, is referred to as the ZCW coupled model. The atmosphere models of the ZCW coupled model that use Zebiak’s scheme and the revised Weare’s scheme are referred to as the ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models, respectively. The coupled ocean-atmosphere models that use Zebiak’s scheme and the revised Weare’s scheme are referred to as the ZCW0and ZCWN coupled models, respectively. The simulations between the ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models and between the ZCW0 and ZCWN coupled models are analyzed. The results include: (1) The evolution of heat, meridional wind and divergence anomalies simulated by similar ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models, although the magnitudes of the former are larger than those of the latter; (2) The prediction skill of the Ni?o3 index from 1982 to 1999 by the ZCWN coupled model shows improvement compared with those by the ZCW0 coupled model; (3) The analysis of El Ni?o events in 1982/1983, 1986/1987, and 1997/1998 and La Ni?a events in 1984/1985, 1988/1989, and 1998/2000 suggests that the ZCWN coupled model is better than the ZCW0 coupled model in predicting warm event evolution and cold event generation. The results also show the disadvantage of the ZCWN coupled model for predicting El Ni?o  相似文献   

陆面参数化方案对两例不同类型暴雨可预报性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李昀英  叶成志  钟中 《大气科学》2010,34(2):407-417

以2003年7月3～4日淮河流域平流型暴雨和2003年8月2～3日江西蒸发型暴雨个例为例, 采用模式试验方法, 研究了陆面参数化方案对两种不同类型暴雨的模式可预报性的影响。关闭陆气通量的试验表明, 陆气通量对淮河流域暴雨的贡献很小, 模式预报结果之间的差异较小, 平流型暴雨具有较高的模式可预报性; 而陆气通量对热对流暴雨的贡献很大, 其误差对暴雨的分布和强度影响也较大, 蒸发型暴雨的模式可预报性相对较低。不同陆面过程参数化方案的比较试验表明, 陆气通量误差引起的能量误差仅在特定区域发展。当陆气通量误差超过一定的临界值, 能量误差将在降水区和风速大值区 (急流区) 迅速发展, 能量误差和不稳定能量同源且同时增长。从陆气通量影响天气过程的角度来讲, 模式预报启动时间选择在夜间, 能量误差发展相对缓慢, 可以延长预报时效。  相似文献   

Temporal Oscillations in the Convective Boundary Layer Forced by Mesoscale Surface Heat-Flux Variations     

Song-Lak Kang 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,132(1):59-81

A theoretical approach suggests that the surface heterogeneity on a scale of tens of kilometres can generate mesoscale motions that are not in a quasi-stationary state. The starting point of the theoretical approach is the equations of horizontal velocity and potential temperature that are low-pass filtered with a mesoscale cut-off wavelength. The transition of the generated mesoscale motions from a quasi-stationary state to a non-stationary state occurs when horizontal advection is strong enough to level out the potential temperature gradient on the surface heterogeneity scale. Large-eddy simulations (LES) suggest that the convective boundary layer (CBL) changes to a non-stationary state when forced by a surface heat-flux variation of amplitude of 100W m⁻² or higher and a wavelength of the order of 10 km. Spectral analysis of the LES reveals that when the mesoscale motions are in a quasi-stationary state, the energy provided by the surface heat-flux variation remains in organized mesoscale motions on the scale of the surface variation itself. However, in a non-stationary state, the energy cascades to smaller scales, with the cascade extending down into the turbulence scale when the wavelength of the surface heat-flux variation is on a scale smaller than 100 times the CBL height. The energy transfer from the generated mesoscale motions to the CBL turbulence results in the absence of a spectral gap between the two scales. The absence of an obvious spectral gap between the generated mesoscale motions and the turbulence raises questions about the applicability of mesoscale models for studies on the effect of high-amplitude surface heterogeneity on a scale of tens of kilometres. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.  相似文献   

两种对流参数化方案对辐射能量收支的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李立娟  王斌 《气象学报》2009,67(6):1080-1088

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室的格点大气环流模式(GAMIL)1.0版设计了两组数值模拟实验来研究两种不同的对流参数化方案对辐射能量收支的影响.这两种对流参数化方案分别是:Zhang and McFarlance/Hack方案(简称ZM)和Tiedtke/Nordeng方案(简称 TN).对应的数值模拟实验分别取名为EX-ZM和EX-TN.通过对实验结果的分析表明:在对流过程中,EX-ZM允许深对流和浅对流同时发生,因此两种对流同时在模式低层消耗了更多的水汽,释放了更多的潜热,引起了更大的增温;EX_TN每次只允许一种对流发生,也就避免了不同类型的对流在同一层同时消耗水汽的现象.因此对流过后,EX-ZM的环境空气相对湿度较小,而EX-TN周围空气的相对湿度较大,有利于低云云量的生成和大尺度的凝结,因此EX-TN模拟的低云云量偏多,低层的云水含量偏高,模式低层的云光学厚度偏大,这就使得EX_TN中更多的太阳短波辐射通量被云反射掉,严重低估了模式对短波波段的辐射通量的模拟.此外,不同的对流参数化方案通过改变云的长波发射率和降水,进而影响了模式对长波波段的辐射通量、感热和潜热通量的模拟.  相似文献   

T213L31全球模式的云和对流参数化方案改进试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈起英  李泽椿  管成功  佟华  王雨  Peter Bechtold 《气象学报》2009,67(2)

针对中国业务中期数值预报模式T213对中雨最级以上的降水预报空报比较明显的问题,文中对此模式预报的降水进行了诊断分析.发现T213模式预报的总降水分布主要是由可分辨尺度降水决定的,且在降水偏多最明显的地区,可分辨尺度的降水即超过或达到了观测的总降水,表明降水空报的主要原因在于可分辨尺度降水偏多.可分辨尺度降水偏多的可能原因有:土壤湿度初始化、云变量的初始化和直接产生降水的云与对流参数化方案存在一定的缺陷.鉴于前两者是目前国际上的难点,文中针对第3个方面的可能原因进行了分析和相应的改进.包括在对流方案之前增加一次云方案的调用;对流参数化办案的闭合由"动力型"改为对流有效化能调整闭合;更复杂的对流触发机制;改进冰沉降和降水通量计算.改进的主要目的是使对流参数化方案更活跃,从而减少格点尺度对流的发生.采用改进的方案,进行了敏感性试验和2005年夏季的连续滚动同化预报试验,并与中国区域400个标准站的降水观测和GPCP的全球降水观测进行了比较.结果表明,改进的方案无论是对中国区域还是全球夏季平均的降水分布预报都好于业务,但四川省和赤道东太平洋降水偏多的问题依然存在.中国区域的降水统计检验还表明,除小雨外,其他量级在大部分时效七降水的Ts评分增加,预报偏差降低.  相似文献   

WRF/Chem模式中两种起沙参数化方案对东亚地区一次强沙尘暴过程模拟的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴成来  林朝晖 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(4):419-436

利用耦合了GOCART和Shao04两种起沙参数化方案的WRF/Chem模式对2002年3月19~22日发生在东亚地区的强沙尘暴过程进行模拟,着重考察了不同起沙方案对沙尘暴过程模拟的影响。结果表明,耦合了两种不同方案的WRF/Chem总体上均能较合理地模拟出主要的起沙区域、起沙强度的变化以及沙尘浓度的时空演变特征,模式对沙尘源地附近及下游地区地面沙尘浓度时间变化特征的模拟与站点观测结果也十分接近。但总体说来Shao04方案对沙尘起沙的发生以及强度变化过程具有更好的模拟能力,该方案模拟的沙尘浓度与观测更为一致,整体性能要优于GOCART方案。进一步分析发现,由于GOCART方案中采用的临界起沙风速偏小,导致该方案下模拟的沙尘分布范围偏大;另外该方案忽略了蒙古东南部和内蒙古中东部的潜在沙尘源地,从而使得耦合了GOCART方案的模式未能模拟出上述区域的起沙过程,使得该区域及下游地区模拟的沙尘浓度也偏小。但在塔里木盆地,Shao04方案计算的起沙通量偏小,这可能与Shao04方案未能考虑风速较小情况下空气拖曳力夹卷作用对起沙的影响有关,也可能与该方案中采用的土壤质地数据不准确有关。  相似文献