汶川大地震四川省青川县砖混结构村镇房屋震害分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

袁中夏  谭明  马占虎 《地震工程学报》2008,30(4):317-325

2008年汶川 8.0级大地震造成了大量的房屋破坏,尤其村镇房屋的破坏最为严重.本文基于对四川省青川县部分乡镇村镇房屋震害的实地调查,对砖混结构房屋的震害从地形、地基基础和结构三方面进行了震害总结,分析了典型震害的成因,指出了目前村镇房屋建设存在的问题,最后对提高村镇民房的地震安全提出了一些建议.  相似文献   

2014年2月12日新疆于田7．3级地震抗震安居（安居富民）房破坏比初步分析     

谭明  常想德  孙静  张涛  胡伟华 《内陆地震》2014,(2):97-103

2014年2月12日新疆于田Ms7．3地震是新疆开展抗震安居（安居富民）房建设以来首次产生较大规模成灾破坏震例,以震区抗震房不同结构类型破坏程度和抽样调查数据确定震区抗震房Ⅵ度区和Ⅶ度区的破坏比,与新疆历史破坏性地震相似结构类型房屋的破坏比进行对比分析。  相似文献   

鲁甸地震生命线工程震害特点及应急抢修   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘爱文  帅向华  吕红山  吴健  徐超 《震灾防御技术》2014,9(3):359-367

在现场调查的基础上,本文总结分析了鲁甸地震交通、通信和电力等三类生命线工程的震害特点及应急抢修情况。鲁甸地震是一次较典型的山区地震,地震地质灾害和强地震动共同作用是造成生命线工程破坏的主要原因。交通系统的主要震害是山体滑坡引起的道路中断,灾区属于高山峡谷地形,道路抢通困难。电力系统的小型水力发电站破坏严重,龙头山变电站的破坏直接导致其下级的2个变电站也断电。通信系统在本次地震中受的影响相对较小,恢复也较快。  相似文献   

Flood risk analyses—how detailed do we need to be?     

H. Apel  G. T. Aronica  H. Kreibich  A. H. Thieken 《Natural Hazards》2009,49(1):79-98

Applied flood risk analyses, especially in urban areas, very often pose the question how detailed the analysis needs to be in order to give a realistic figure of the expected risk. The methods used in research and practical applications range from very basic approaches with numerous simplifying assumptions up to very sophisticated, data and calculation time demanding applications both on the hazard and on the vulnerability part of the risk. In order to shed some light on the question of required model complexity in flood risk analyses and outputs sufficiently fulfilling the task at hand, a number of combinations of models of different complexity both on the hazard and on the vulnerability side were tested in a case study. The different models can be organized in a model matrix of different complexity levels: On the hazard side, the approaches/models selected were (A) linear interpolation of gauge water levels and intersection with a digital elevation model (DEM), (B) a mixed 1D/2D hydraulic model with simplifying assumptions (LISFLOOD-FP) and (C) a Saint-Venant 2D zero-inertia hyperbolic hydraulic model considering the built environment and infrastructure. On the vulnerability side, the models used for the estimation of direct damage to residential buildings are in order of increasing complexity: (I) meso-scale stage-damage functions applied to CORINE land cover data, (II) the rule-based meso-scale model FLEMOps+ using census data on the municipal building stock and CORINE land cover data and (III) a rule-based micro-scale model applied to a detailed building inventory. Besides the inundation depths, the latter two models consider different building types and qualities as well as the level of private precaution and contamination of the floodwater. The models were applied in a municipality in east Germany, Eilenburg. It suffered extraordinary damage during the flood of August 2002, which was well documented as were the inundation extent and depths. These data provide an almost unique data set for the validation of flood risk analyses. The analysis shows that the combination of the 1D/2D model and the meso-scale damage model FLEMOps+ performed best and provide the best compromise between data requirements, simulation effort, and an acceptable accuracy of the results. The more detailed approaches suffered from complex model set-up, high data requirements, and long computation times.  相似文献   

EURONEAR—Recovery, follow-up and discovery of NEAs and MBAs using large field 1–2 m telescopes     

O. Vaduvescu  M. Birlan  A. Tudorica  A. Sonka  F.N. Pozo  A.D. Barr  D.J. Asher  J. Licandro  J.L. Ortiz  E. Unda-Sanzana  M. Popescu  A. Nedelcu  D. Dumitru  R. Toma  I. Comsa  C. Vancea  D. Vidican  C. Opriseanu  T. Badescu  M. Badea  M. Constantinescu 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(13):1632-1646

We report on the follow-up and recovery of 100 program NEAs, PHAs and VIs using the ESO/MPG 2.2 m, Swope 1 m and INT 2.5 m telescopes equipped with large field cameras. The 127 fields observed during 11 nights covered 29 square degrees. Using these data, we present the incidental survey work which includes 558 known MBAs and 628 unknown moving objects mostly consistent with MBAs from which 58 objects became official discoveries. We planned the runs using six criteria and four servers which focus mostly on faint and poorly observed objects in need of confirmation, follow-up and recovery. We followed 62 faint NEAs within one month after discovery and we recovered 10 faint NEAs having big uncertainties at their second or later opposition. Using the INT we eliminated four PHA candidates and VIs. We observed in total 1286 moving objects and we reported more than 10,000 positions. All data were reduced by the members of our network in a team effort, and reported promptly to the MPC. The positions of the program NEAs were published in 27 MPC and MPEC references and used to improve their orbits. The O−C residuals for known MBAs and program NEAs are smallest for the ESO/MPG and Swope and about four times larger for the INT whose field is more distorted. For the astrometric reduction, the UCAC-2 catalog is recommended instead of USNO-B1. The incidental survey allowed us to study statistics of the MBA and NEA populations observable today with 1–2 m facilities. We calculate preliminary orbits for all unknown objects, classifying them as official discoveries, later identifications and unknown outstanding objects. The orbital elements a, e, i calculated by FIND_ORB software for the official discoveries and later identified objects are very similar with the published elements which take into account longer observational arcs; thus preliminary orbits were used in statistics for the whole unknown dataset. We present a basic model which can be used to distinguish between MBAs and potential NEAs in any sky survey. Based on three evaluation methods, most of our unknown objects are consistent with MBAs, while up to 16 unknown objects could represent NEO candidates and four represent our best NEO candidates. We assessed the observability of the unknown MBA and NEA populations using 1 and 2 m surveys. Employing a 1 m facility, one can observe today fewer unknown objects than known MBAs and very few new NEOs. Using a 2 m facility, a slightly larger number of unknown than known asteroids could be detected in the main belt. Between 0.1 and 0.8 new NEO candidates per square degree could be discovered using a 2 m telescope.  相似文献   

高分光学遥感地震应急应用原型系统     

窦爱霞  丁香  王龙  王晓青  单新建  张景发  马海建 《地震》2013,33(2):11-18

本文系统概括了国内外用于地震灾害监测与评估的专业软件现状, 详细介绍了高分光学遥感地震应急应用原型系统的研制目标、 工作流程、 技术方法和主要功能。 该系统基于建立的高分光学遥感震害识别知识库, 实现了“一键式”建筑物震害快速识别, 部分震害增强方法固化于控件中, 减化操作流程, 极大地提高了地震应急的实效性。 系统集成了建筑物、 道路交通、 地震地质灾害三个主要地震灾害识别功能, 能更全面地反映灾区宏观灾情, 在未来地震应急遥感工作中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

大数据时代测绘地理信息服务面临的机遇和挑战     

周星  桂德竹 《地理信息世界》2013,(5)

分析了大数据时代测绘地理信息服务呈现出的新特点、新趋势,研究了大数据给测绘地理信息服务带来的机遇和挑战,提出了大数据时代测绘地理信息服务的“5v”要求,并就推进测绘地理信息服务转型升级提出建议。  相似文献   

美、英国家研究计划揭示国际地球科学研究新动向     

张树良 《国际地震动态》2012,(5):1-5

近日,在美国最新国家研究计划“大数据计划”框架下,包括美国国家科学基金会、美国地质调查局和美国国家航空航天局在内的美国政府主要机构同时推出新的研究项目,并对现有研究部署做出相应调整,此举将带动包括地球科学在内的各领域研究的新发展;与此同时,英国地质调查局也公布了其地球科学新领域的最新研究进展.通过解读这些最新的研究计划,可以揭示出国际地球科学研究的新动向.  相似文献   

Parametric studies of disturbed rock slope stability based on finite element limit analysis methods     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

This study employs the finite element upper bound and lower bound limit analysis methods to investigate the stability of inhomogeneous rock slopes. The differences in the stability numbers of the upper and lower bound solutions are bracketed within ±10.5% or better, and the stability numbers obtained are presented in rock slope stability charts. These stability charts can provide a convenient tool for preliminary stability designs of inhomogeneous rock slopes. Various recommended blasting damage zones are considered, and disturbance factors are used to represent damage levels. Results showed that rock mass disturbance could significantly influence the evaluation of rock slope stability.  相似文献   

Recognition of geochemical footprints of mineral systems in the regolith at regional to continental scales     

P. de Caritat  P. T. Main  E. C. Grunsky  A. W. Mann 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(8):1033-1043

Understanding the character of Australia's extensive regolith cover is crucial to the continuing success of mineral exploration. We hypothesise that the regolith contains geochemical fingerprints of processes related to the development and preservation of mineral systems at a range of scales. We test this hypothesis by analysing the composition of surface sediments within greenfield regional-scale (southern Thomson Orogen) and continental-scale (Australia) study areas. In the southern Thomson Orogen area, the first principal component (PC1) derived in our study [Ca, Sr, Cu, Mg, Au and Mo at one end; rare earth elements (REEs) and Th at the other] is very similar to the empirical vector used by a local company (enrichment in Sr, Ca and Au concomitant with depletion in REEs) to successfully site exploration drill holes for Cu–Au mineralisation. Mapping of the spatial distribution of PC1 in the region reveals several areas of elevated values and possible mineralisation potential. One of the strongest targets in the PC1 map is located between Brewarrina and Bourke in northern New South Wales. Here, exploration drilling has intersected porphyry Cu–Au mineralisation with up to 1 wt% Cu, 0.1 g/t Au, and 717 ppm Zn. The analysis of a comparable geochemical dataset at the continental scale yields a compositionally similar PC1 (Ca, Sr, Mg, Cu, Au and Mo at one end; REEs and Th at the other) to that of the regional study. Mapping PC1 at the continental scale shows patterns that (1) are spatially compatible with the regional study and (2) reveal several geological regions of elevated values, possibly suggesting an enhanced potential for porphyry Cu–Au mineralisation. These include well-endowed mineral provinces such as the Curnamona and Capricorn regions, but also some greenfield regions such as the Albany-Fraser/western Eucla, western Murray and Eromanga geological regions. We conclude that the geochemical composition of Australia's regolith may hold critical information pertaining to mineralisation within/beneath it.  相似文献