Process-based model for nearshore hydrodynamics, sediment transport and morphological evolution in the surf and swash zones     

R. Bakhtyar  A. Ghaheri  A. Yeganeh-Bakhtiary  D.A. Barry 《Applied Ocean Research》2009,31(1):44-56

Hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the nearshore zone were modeled numerically taking into account turbulent unsteady flow. The flow field was computed using the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a k–ε turbulence closure model, while the free surface was tracked using the Volume-Of-Fluid technique. This hydrodynamical model was supplemented with a cross-shore sediment transport formula to calculate profile changes and sediment transport in the surf and swash zones. Based on the numerical solutions, flow characteristics and the effects of breaking waves on sediment transport were studied. The main characteristic of breaking waves, i.e. the instantaneous sediment transport rate, was investigated numerically, as was the spatial distribution of time-averaged sediment transport rates for different grain sizes. The analysis included an evaluation of different values of the wave friction factor and an empirical constant characterizing the uprush and backwash. It was found that the uprush induces a larger instantaneous transport rate than the backwash, indicating that the uprush is more important for sediment transport than the backwash. The results of the present model are in reasonable agreement with other numerical and physical models of nearshore hydrodynamics. The model was found to predict well cross-shore sediment transport and thus it provides a tool for predicting beach morphology change.  相似文献   

Top–down and bottom–up regulation of macroalgal community structure on a Kenyan reef     

Erik Mrk  Gustaf Lillieskld Sj  Nils Kautsky  Tim R. McClanahan 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(3):331-336

Top–down and bottom–up regulation in the form of grazing by herbivores and nutrient availability are important factors governing macroalgal communities in the coral reef ecosystem. Today, anthropogenic activities, such as over-harvesting of herbivorous fish and sea urchins and increased nutrient loading, are altering the interaction of these two structuring forces. The present study was conducted in Kenya and investigates the relative importance of herbivory and nutrient loading on macroalgal community dynamics, by looking at alterations in macroalgal functional groups, species diversity (H′) and biomass within experimental quadrats. The experiment was conducted in situ for 42 days during the dry season. Cages excluding large herbivorous fish and sea urchins were used in the study and nutrient addition was conducted using coated, slow-release fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorous) at a site where herbivory is generally low and nutrient levels are relatively high for the region. Nutrient addition increased tissue nutrient content in the algae, and fertilized quadrats had 24% higher species diversity. Herbivore exclusion resulted in a 77% increase in algal biomass, mainly attributable to a >1000% increase in corticated forms. These results are in accordance with similar studies in other regions, but are unique in that they indicate that, even when prevailing nutrient levels are relatively high and herbivore pressure is relatively low, continued anthropogenic disturbance results in further ecological responses and increased reef degradation.  相似文献   

大容量存储器K9K8G08U0A及其在定点垂直升降剖面测量系统中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐良波  朱旭  彭荆明 《海洋技术学报》2008,27(4)

介绍了新型大容量存储器K9K8G08U0A的基本组织结构,重点讲述了存储器与ATmega128L单片机外部存储器接口的硬件连接方式以及存储器的主要操作流程和部分C语言代码。  相似文献   

利用Stao模型研究上海地区中小地震尾波     

刘菲  任烨  李贞 《华北地震科学》2019,37(4):60-64

利用2011—2017年上海台网记录的上海及周边50km内的地震事件,使用Stao模型,计算了东滩台、大洋山台、佘山台、天平山台、秦皇山台所在地区的尾波值,结果显示:上海及邻近地区整体呈现西高东低的分布,在东部沿海地区较低,浦西地区较高;根据上海台网的地震事件记录,发现上海地区地震虽然基本呈现弥散性分布,并没有出现沿断裂分布趋势,而整体分布为东部沿海地区及海域多于浦西地区;结合上海地区尾波值分布规律分析表明,所得值数据能够较好地反映该区域地震活动性。  相似文献   

粗颗粒土的静止土压力系数非线性分析与计算方法     

喻昭晟  陈晓斌  张家生  董亮  ABDOULKADER M S 《岩土力学》2020,41(6):1923-1932

确定静止土压力系数在土压力计算中非常重要,但是粗颗粒土的静止土压力系数非线性特征长期被忽视,专门研究其非线性特征具有重要现实意义。为弥补粗粒土K0非线性研究的不足,分析了粗颗粒土的静止土压力系数非线性特征。基于邓肯?张模型的应力?应变增量关系,引入邓肯?张模型参数,建立了静止土压力系数数学公式。同时,提出了粗颗粒土静止土压力系数非线性计算方法,并对公式参数敏感性进行了分析。基于K0试验数据和数值试验结果,对粗颗粒土静止土压力系数非线性计算方法进行了应用分析。应用结果表明：K0预测值与K0实测值吻合,所提出的非线性K0计算方法可用于粗颗粒土K0计算。通过与Jaky公式的结果的对比分析,讨论了初始应力条件对粗颗粒土静止土压力系数非线性计算结果的影响。该研究成果有助于加深对土体静止土压力系数非线性的理解,并为粗颗粒土静止土压力系数计算提供参考。  相似文献   

G₀分布下基于白化滤波的极化SAR图像CFAR检测     

张嘉峰  张鹏  王明春  刘涛 《遥感学报》2019,23(3):443-455

在已有的极化合成孔径雷达(PolSAR)图像恒虚警(CFAR)检测方法中,存在着高分辨下杂波模型适用性差的难题。为解决此问题,提出了一种G_0分布下虚警概率具有闭合解析表达形式的CFAR检测方法,并定义虚警损失率(CFAR Loss, C_L)参数用以量化评估CFAR检测方法的恒虚警保持效果。首先,在乘积模型框架下,引入了逆Gamma纹理变量假设,推导出了多视极化白化滤波(MPWF)检测量的概率密度函数(PDF)。然后,对MPWF检测量的概率密度函数积分得到了虚警概率关于CFAR检测阈值的解析表达式,并设计了相应的CFAR检测流程。最后,采用仿真数据和AIRSAR实测数据对已有方法和新方法进行了算法运行时间、检测量拟合性能及目标检测性能对比。实验结果表明,方法运行时间比已有方法缩短3至30倍,具有良好的实时性;日本玉野地区的AIRSAR实测数据结果表明G_0分布对高分辨不均匀海区具有良好的拟合性能,且新方法在G_0分布和非G_0分布海区均能有效检测出目标,鲁棒性较强,相比其他检测方法品质因数(FoM)平均高出15.78%;C_L分析结果表明新方法具有良好的恒虚警保持性能,同时指出杂波对数累积量散点距离G_0分布曲线越近,新方法的恒虚警保持效果越好。  相似文献   

NiSO4溶液的DFT和EXAFS研究     

刘红艳  周永全  朱发岩  王广国  房春晖  房艳  张文倩  韩丽 《盐湖研究》2019,27(1)

由密度泛函理论(DFT)和扩展X-射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)光谱研究硫酸镍溶液的微观水合结构。对硫酸镍水合团簇[NiSO4(H2O)n]0 (n=1-12) 的结构优化和能量计算采用DFT计算中的B3LYP方法进行。对于每一个团簇尺寸尽可能考虑所有初始构型,并以此确定能量最低结构。 DFT计算结果表明,在[NiSO4(H2O)n]0团簇中六配位结构的Ni2+为稳定构型. 水合能计算结果表明,当水合团簇尺寸较小时(n≤5),六配位直接接触离子对(CIP)为稳定构型;而当6≤n≤10时, 溶剂共享离子对 (SSIP)为稳定结构。随着团簇尺寸的增加,当n≥11时,x个水分子分割离子对 (xSIP, x是Ni2+和SO42-之间的水分子数目,且x≥2)为稳定构型。对 NiSO4溶液和NiSO4?6H2O进行EXAFS实验,结果证实Ni2+第一水合层是由六个水分子形成的稳定八面体结构,且当 NiSO4溶液浓度从0.70 mol/L到2.22 mol/L(近似饱和溶液)并未发现CIP构型。Ni-O距离和配位数(CN)分别是 2.040±0.020 ? 和6.0±1.0,这些结论与[NiSO4(H2O)n]0水合团簇的DFT计算结果一致。  相似文献   

A multilayer study of pCO2 in the surface waters of the Yellow and South China Seas in spring and the sea-air carbon dioxide flux     

Chunying Liu  Chuang Zhang  Xiaoman Yang  Haidong Gong  Zhengbin Zhang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(3):263-268

A multilayer study of pCO₂ for the Yellow and South China Seas in the surface waters was conducted based on data from four cruises sponsored by the China SOLAS Project in 2005 and 2006, including data for the surface microlayer (SML), subsurface layer (SSL) and surface layer (SL). The carbon fluxes across the air-sea interface were calculated. The results showed that the pCO₂ values in the surface waters of the study area decreased in the following order: pCO_{2 SML} > pCO_{2 SSL} > pCO_{2 SL}. The highest values were found in March for all SML, SSL and SL, followed by those in April, and the lowest were in May. The pCO₂ values had a significant positive correlation with temperature or salinity. While there was no relationship between pCO₂ and longitude, there was a significant negative correlation between it and latitude, i.e., ‘high latitude low pCO₂’. By using four calculation models, the carbon dioxide fluxes ( ) in spring in the Yellow and South China Seas, which were found to act as a ‘sink’ of atmospheric CO₂, were preliminarily estimated on the basis of the pCO₂ data in the SML to be −7.00×10⁶t C and −22.35×10⁶t C, respectively. It is suggested that the calculated on the basis of pCO₂ data in the SML is more reliable than that calculated on the basis of those in the SL.  相似文献   

云南地区S波非弹性衰减与M_L震级测定研究     

许亚吉  杨晶琼  秦敏 《中国地震》2020,36(1):105-114

选取云南地震台网记录的地震波形资料,通过基于遗传算法的Atkinson方法分别计算云南3个区域的介质品质因子Q_0值。根据云南地区地震波衰减的区域性差异,通过震级偏差统计分析了47个台站的单台M_L震级偏差情况。结果显示:云南属于低Q_0值地区,区域性差异明显。位于云南西部区域1的Q_0值相对较高,为251. 3;东部的区域3的Q_0值次之,为216. 9;中部的区域2的Q_0值最低,为102. 6。Q_0值越小的地区,S波衰减程度越大,单台震级偏小于台网平均震级的台站也就越多。同一地区的台站在测定相同区域内的地震时,虽然地震波非弹性衰减程度相近,但由于受到各台站场地不同增益作用的影响,其单台震级偏差情况有所不同。  相似文献   

Brightness variability investigation of BD+61°154     

J. N. Chkhikvadze 《Astronomische Nachrichten》1994,315(3):253-258

Photoelectric ubvyHαHβ observations of the Herbig Ae/Be star BD+61°154 are presented. The observational data are analyzed proceeding from the simple hypothesis that the light variation is mainly due to temperature changes of gaseous envelope.  相似文献