Nonparametric evaluation of environmental parameters determining the occurrence of stonefly larvae (Plecoptera) in streams     

Jan Helešic 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2001,63(4):490-501

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Deterministic vs. probabilistic earthquake hazards and risks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Robin K. McGuire   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(5)

Both probabilistic and deterministic methods have a role in seismic hazard and risk analyses performed for decision-making purposes. These two methods can complement one another to provide additional insights to the seismic hazard or risk problem. One method will have priority over the other, depending on how quantitative are the decisions to be made, depending on the seismic environment, and depending on the scope of the project (single site or a region). In many applications a recursive analysis, where deterministic interpretations are triggered by probabilistic results and vice versa, will give the greatest insight and allow the most informed decisions to be made.  相似文献   

潜在震源区概念的界定   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

潘华  鄢家全 《国际地震动态》1995,(9):1-5

本文首先论述了地震危险性概率分析方法中潜在震源区的概念及其地位和作用，在此基础上，比较了它与地震危险区的差异，其次，阐述了我国现行地震危险性概率分析方法对潜在震源区概念的发展，最后，讨论了潜在震源区的不确定性问题。  相似文献   

建筑物震害直接经济损失评定的误差分析     

张福林  吴景春 《华北地震科学》1995,13(2):66-73

本文概述了引起震害损失评定误差的主要因素。通过实际震害评定资料，定量分析了震害损失评估中各因素形成误差数值的大小。采用以采样平均相对误差或采样均方误差及损失值相对误差来评估震害评定质量的方法，并通过分析给出综合衡量评定精度的量化指标，对震害经济损失评定准确度进行评估。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲场地震害预测   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

郭软华  梁致荣 《华南地震》1995,15(3):22-33

场地震害是随空间和时间而变化的多因子影响的综合体。本文根据这一观点分析影响珠江三角洲场地震害的环境因子及岩土特征，探讨该区砂土液化、软土震陷、活动断裂、滑坡、崩塌、岩溶和孤立地形等场地震害，指出本区未来场地震害的主要形式是砂土液化和软土震陷，但也不可忽视活动断裂和水下场地震害，以及特殊地形地貌引致的共振、驻波破坏。  相似文献   

Edge wave and non-trapped modes of the 25 april 1992 Cape Mendocino tsunami     

F. I. González  K. Satake  E. F. Boss  H. O. Mofjeld 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,144(3-4):409-426

The 25 April 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquake generated a tsunami characterized by both coastal trapped edge wave and non-trapped tsunami modes that propagated north and south along the U.S. West Coast. Both observed and synthetic time series at Crescent City and North Spit are consistent with the zero-order edge wave mode solution for a semi-infinite sloping beach depth profile. Wave amplitudes at Crescent City were about twice that observed at North Spit, in spite of the fact that the source region was three times farther from Crescent City than North Spit. The largest observed amplitude was due to an edge wave which arrived almost three hours after the initial onset of the tsunami; since such waves are highly localized nearshore, this suggests that the enhanced responsiveness at Crescent City is at least partly due to local dynamic processes. Furthermore, the substantially delayed arrival of this wave, which was generated at the southern end of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, has significant implications for hazard mitigation efforts along the entire U.S. West Coast. Specifically, this study demonstrates that slow-moving but very energetic edge wave modes could be generated by future large tsunamigenic earthquakes in the CSZ, and that these might arrive unexpectedly at coastal communities several hours after the initial tsunami waves have subsided.  相似文献   

关于环境地球物理学的思考   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

楚泽涵  李幼铭 《地球物理学进展》1995,10(1):1-10

分析了环境科学的研究领域，世界及我国的环境状况，世界范围的环境问题对地球科学提出了的和带来的机会。以此为基础提出了环境地球物理学的对象及研究方向。提出水资源的污染监测及水源保护应例为环境地球物理学的优先领域。  相似文献   

Stochastic and statistical methods in hydrology and environmental engineering     

K. W. Hipel 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1995,9(1):1-11

Recent developments in stochastic and statistical methods in hydrology and environmental engineering presented in the upcoming sequence of research papers are evaluated, compared and put into proper perspective. These papers are being published as a memorial to Professor T. E. Unny who was a founding Editor of the journalStochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics. As explained in this introductory paper, other activities that took place to celebrate Professor Unny's lifetime academic accomplishments include an international conference held in his honor at the University of Waterloo in June, 1993 and the publication of a four-volume conference proceedings in 1994.  相似文献   

东北地区一次突发性暴雨分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

孙力  白乐生 《高原气象》1995,14(4):486-494

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工程地质学发展趋势刍议   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡祖煌  马凤山 《工程地质学报》1995,(4)

环境工程地质学是工程地质学发展的新阶段，它囊括并发展了工程地质学的所有问题。作为研究工程建设与地质环境相互作用的环境工程地质学，有待于进一步发展为工程环境灾害学──一方面，由于各种自然环境恶化和灾害间的相关性和因果性（环境恶化链、灾害链），研究似宜不限于地质环境和灾害（当然后者仍是重点），而适当扩大至土地环境、水环境和社会环境。作为一门应用地质学的环境工程地质学及其母学科工程环境灾害学将具有力学、地理、经济三大支柱，首先力求地质学与地理学的相互渗透和融合。另一方面，由于各种人类活动间的相关性和因果性（活动链），所研究的人类活动似宜不限于工程建设和运行，而适当扩大至采矿和水事活动，包括开采地下水和排污。后者引起的环境恶化和灾害尤为严重，正酿成危机。其根本出路不仅在于科技进步，而且在于文化调节，力求科技与文化的相互渗透和融合。  相似文献