提升小波变换在气象格点数据无损压缩中的应用     

罗坚  姜勇强  戴彩悌 《地球科学进展》2012,27(4):460-465

提升小波变换实现了整数到整数的变换,同时保证了小波变换的正交特性。在二维预测编码基础上引入提升小波变换,并结合"洗牌"技术和熵编码,设计了气象格点数据的无损压缩方案。以位势高度、经向风、纬向风、温度4个要素为例,对数据处理前后的熵值进行了对比分析,并设计了4种方案进行验证。结果表明:提升小波变换能有效去除数据间的相关性,消除冗余信息,降低数据集的熵值,与二维预测编码相结合能实现优势互补,提高压缩效率,并能保证在有效精度内数据完全无损,从而有效提高气象海量数据的存储和传输效率,为快速气象数据响应和预报服务提供数据支持。  相似文献   

Quantitative Evaluation on Effectiveness of Geochemical Prospecting Techniques Based on Meta-Analysis     

PENG Guangxiong  TANG Jian 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):761-762

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国家地理格网编码与二维条码的集成应用之探讨     

陈会仙  张小霞  刘绪友  程滔 《测绘科学》2013,38(4):152-154

国家地理格网是一套穿越各级行政境界和地图尺度范围的无缝平面坐标系统,不但定位容易、使用方便,并且精度可根据不同应用目的而变化。条码技术作为一种关键的信息标识和信息采集技术,已在全球范围内得到了迅猛发展。本文将着重讨论地理格网编码与二维条码的集成方法,并探讨集成后二维条码的应用前景。  相似文献   

Dynamically authorized role-based access control for grid applications     

Yao Hanbing  Hu Heping  Lu Zhengding  Li Ruixuan 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(3):223-228

Grid computing is concerned with the sharing and coordinated use of diverse resources in distributed “virtual organizations”. The heterogeneous, dynamic and multi-domain nature of these environments makes challenging security issues that demand new technical approaches. Despite the recent advances in access control approaches applicable to Grid computing, there remain issues that impede the development of effective access control models for Grid applications. Among them there are the lack of context-based models for access control, and reliance on identity or capability-based access control schemes. An access control scheme that resolve these issues is presented, and a dynamically authorized role-based access control (D-RBAC) model extending the RBAC with context constraints is proposed. The D-RABC mechanisms dynamically grant permissions to users based on a set of contextual information collected from the system and user's environments, while retaining the advantages of RBAC model. The implementation architecture of D-RBAC for the Grid aplication is also described.  相似文献   

Building the distributed geographic SQL workflow in the Grid environment     

Zhou Huang  Yu Fang  Bin Chen  Lun Wu  Mao Pan 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1117-1145

Over recent years, massive geospatial information has been produced at a prodigious rate, and is usually geographically distributed across the Internet. Grid computing, as a recent development in the landscape of distributed computing, is deemed as a good solution for distributed geospatial data management and manipulation. Thus, the Grid computing technology can be applied to integrate various distributed resources into a ‘super-computer’ that enables efficient distributed geospatial query processing. In order to realize this vision, an effective mechanism for building the distributed geospatial query workflow in the Grid environment needs to be elaborately designed. The workflow-building technology aims to automatically transform the global geospatial query into an equivalent distributed query process in the Grid. In response to this goal, detailed steps and algorithms for building the distributed geospatial query workflow in the Grid environment are discussed in this article. Moreover, we develop corresponding software tools that enable Grid-based geospatial queries to be run against multiple data resources. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodology is feasible and correct.  相似文献   

Stock size matters more than vessel size: The fuel efficiency of Swedish demersal trawl fisheries 2002–2010     

《Marine Policy》2014

Fisheries management determines how much of each stock can be landed when, where and how fishing is permitted. It has been identified to strongly influence the environmental performance of the fishing industry, including fuel use. As fuel data for fisheries is scarce, especially on a detailed level, the aim of this study was to develop an approach for utilizing fleet-wide fuel data to estimate the fuel use of individual fisheries and mapping how fuel efficiency in Swedish fisheries is influenced by management. Swedish demersal trawl fisheries were studied between 2002 and 2010. Results show that the overall fuel efficiency has improved and interesting patterns between different fisheries and vessel sizes emerged. The difference in fuel efficiency per kilo landing between large and small trawlers was generally small, unless catch capacity was lowered e.g. by selective grids. Stock rebuilding was shown to be highly important for fuel efficiency, as fuel use was inversely correlated to the biomass of eastern Baltic cod. However, rebuilding can also lead to trade-offs e.g. in the case of selective trawling, where protection of depleted stocks comes at the cost of higher fuel intensity per landing. Finally, tax exemption of fuel use in fisheries was shown to maintain inefficient fisheries. These results could be used to reduce overall environmental impacts of fishing further by incorporating fuel use as an additional aspect into the fisheries management system.  相似文献   

ECMWF细网格2米温度在新疆及周边地区的预报效果检验     

刘春风  徐欢  宋雪明  李阿桥  张定文 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(6):10-15

本文对2013年1～12月ECMWF细网格2米温度在新疆区域的预报效果进行了统计检验。结果表明：ECMWF细网格2米温度预报为系统性偏高,预报效果随预报时效的延长而逐渐变差。三天内温度预报的绝对误差小、预报准确率高,对实际温度预报有很好指导作用;七天内温度预报的绝对误差较小,预报准确率较高,对实际温度预报具有参考价值;八到十天预报误差大、准确率低,对实际温度预报参考价值不大。温度预报精度在蒙古国西部最低,北疆盆地次之,南疆盆地最高。  相似文献   

近50a中国降水格点数据集的建立及质量评估   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

赵煜飞  朱江  许艳 《气象科学》2014,34(4):414-420

基于2012年6月更新的高质量2 400个台站降水资料,采用薄盘样条法,制定了采用3个自变量(经度、纬度、海拔高度)、降水量开平方预处理、3次样条的插值方案,并引入数字高程资料,以减弱中国独特地形条件下高程对降水空间插值精度的影响,并对1961—2010年中国区域地面降水站点资料进行了空间内插,得到了中国地面降水0.5°×0.5°格点数据集。经数据集的质量评估结果表明:分析值与站点观测值均方根误差平均为0.49 mm,相关系数平均达0.93(通过0.01的显著性检验),夏季插值误差高于冬季,东南地区误差普遍高于其他地区。冬、春、夏、秋季绝大多数台站绝对误差在±10 mm/月以内。冬、春、夏、秋季分别有60%、82%、54%、77%的台站相对误差在±10%之间。插值后的格点化降水资料能够比较细致、准确地描述中国大陆年平均降水场的东南多、西北少的主要空间特征,但也平滑掉了范围很小的降水极值中心。台站分布越密集的地方,插值效果越好,并且最近距离小于40 km的台站插值精度较高,大于40 km插值精度衰减较快。  相似文献   

多模式降水资料在贵州的检验分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘红双 《中低纬山地气象》2023,47(2):75-82

本文检验了2020年3月至2021年2月ECMWF和GRAPES以及中央台格点产品（以下简称SCMOC）和省台格点产品（以下简称SPCC）4家降水预报产品逐24h未来5天在贵州的预报质量,结论如下：（1）ECMWF和SCMOC与实况的相关系数最高,SCMOC和SPCC预报降水的变化幅度较观测偏大,而GRAPES预报降水的变化幅度较观测则是明显偏小。（2）SCMOC的晴雨准确率最高,除在72h预报时效SPCC的准确率略高于SCMOC外,其余预报时效SPCC准确率均低于SCMOC,表明SPCC的订正能力需要进一步提升。（3）在小雨量级,4种降水预报产品的TS评分相差不大,ECMWF和GRAPES的ETS评分明显低于SCMOC和SPCC,其中GRAPES的TS评分在5个预报时效内均高于ECMWF。在中雨量级,前3个预报时效内ECMWF的TS和ETS评分均高于其他三家,ECMWF在5个预报时效内预报有降水的次数大于实况出现的降水次数,但空报次数并不是最多的,在后2个预报时效内,SCMOC的TS和ETS评分均是最高的,但与其他家相差不大。在大雨量级,24h和96h预报时效ECMWF的TS和ETS评分均是最高的,而在48h、72h、120h预报时效SCMOC的TS和ETS评分是最高的。在暴雨及以上量级,前3个时效内SPCC 的TS和ETS评分均是最高,且48h的TS评分空间分布也是最优的,表明SPCC对暴雨及以上量级在前3个预报时效内订正能力较好。  相似文献   

网格GIS体系结构及其实现技术   总被引：43，自引：4，他引：39  

方金云  何建邦 《地球信息科学学报》2002,4(4):34-42

网格 GIS是实现广域网络环境中空间信息共享和协同服务的分布式 GIS软件平台和技术体系。将地理上分布、系统异构的各种计算机、空间数据服务器、大型检索存储系统、地理信息系统、虚拟现实系统等 ,通过高速互连网络连接并集成起来 ,形成对用户透明的虚拟的空间信息资源的超级处理环境就是网格地理信息系统。本文在分析网络空间数据特征的基础上 ,提出了网格 GIS的 5层体系结构模型,分析了空间(元)数据标准、空间服务标准、分布空间对象技术、构件与构件库技术、基于框架的互操作技术、中间件技术等 ,它们是实现该系统的关键技术。  相似文献