波浪波长和方向提取的图像纹理分析技术     

徐建华  郑君伟 《遥感学报》1990,(4)

传统的波浪波长和方向分析技术是谱分析。本文从海洋波浪图像直接作图像纹理分析,在图像的每一个处理窗口,以海浪图像灰度极值点大小、个数的分布和灰度共生矩阵为基础,构造了借以区分不同海浪波长和方向的纹理测度,实现提取海浪波长和方向信息。  相似文献   

Seamounts in the Central Indian Ocean Basin: indicators of the Indian plate movement     

Ranadhir Mukhopadhyay  N. H. Khadge 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(3):357-365

The study of seamount parameters in the tectonically most-complicated and least-understood Indian Ocean assumes importance since their properties vary as a function of tectonic setting, physics of lithosphere, conduit geometry and chemical composition of magma. More than 100 such seamounts ranging in summit height (h) from 300 to 2870 m, are indentified in the oceanic crust between Indian continent and Mid-Indian Ridge (MIR) and South-East Indian Ridge (SEIR). Most of the minor seamounts (h > 1000) are found in the southern part of the study area. Major seamounts (h < 1000 m) are roughly distributed in two groups—the northern group on Cretaceous Oceanic Crust and southern group on Pliocene-Miocene Oceanic Crust. On an average northern group seamounts (SM 1 to 6) are taller, wider and flatter than those from the southern group. These seamounts appear to be the result of continuous growth from tapped, moving magma chamber while stress depleted magma and inconsistent Indian Plate movement during Mid-Tertiary are attributed to the origin of southern group of smaller seamounts. Distribution and morphology of seamounts as a whole indicate their formation either from Reunion hotspot or from two separate hotspots in the geological past.  相似文献   

Entrainment of circumpolar water in the Indian Ocean region of the Antarctic   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. S. Sharma  Benny N. Peter 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(3):425-438

The net influx of the circumpolar water on the western (approximately along 10°E) and eastern (approximately 115°E) boundaries of the Indian Ocean, adopting the method of Montgomery and Stroup is computed on bivariate distribution of potential thermosteric anomaly and salinity to identify the characteristics of the flux. The zonal flux at both the boundaries indicates an alternate strong easterly and westerly flow between 36°S and 45°S, south of which the flow is mainly easterly but weak up to 56°S. At the western boundary the easterly flow is 146 Sv and westerly is 98.07 Sv, while at the eastern boundary (115°E) the corresponding fluxes are 123.46 Sv and 27.20 Sv respectively, indicating a net outflux of 48.33 Sv. This water should have been accounted by the melting of ice and influx of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Water.  相似文献   

古代刘家港崛起与衰落的探讨^*   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

林承坤 《地理研究》1996,15(2):61-66

明代早期建都南京,当时贴木儿帝国崛起于中亚,一度阻断了丝绸之路,北方大运河严重淤积,明王朝只能采用海运与通过海上丝绸之路开展海内外贸易。长江河口成为南京的通海捷径,刘家港位于娄江(刘洒)与长江河口交汇处,太湖平原的东北部。娄江在宋代以前严重淤积,经元代至明初的治理,特别是明初"掣淞入刘"的整治工程后,娄江河道水深河阔,全江畅通,成为长江河口地区兴建大型海港的最佳的港址。娄江又能同富饶的太湖平原相沟通,使其成为刘家港的经济腹地。以上原因使刘家港在明初崛起,成为"海运千艘所聚"的大海港与郑和下西洋的出海始发港。明王朝迁都北京后开展大运河的治理,减少对海运的依赖,郑和下西洋终止与倭寇骚扰,均促使海运衰退。长江河口南岸严重崩塌,使刘家港崩塌入海。娄江严重淤积。以上原因导致刘家港衰落。  相似文献   

热带大气季节内振荡研究进展——观测、动力机制和数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李薇  郭裕福  张学洪 《地球科学进展》2001,16(1):72-78

热带大气季节内振荡（MJO）是热带大气活动的强信号。对MJO动力机制的探讨，经历了由考虑完全的大气内部过程（波动－CISK理论），到考虑海洋影响的大气过程（WISHE理论），到最新的考虑大气－海洋耦合作用（WCMC模式）的逐步发展、完善的阶段。现阶段大气模式能够模拟MJO的一些基本特征但存在许多缺陷。在大气模式中引入上层海洋的反馈作用，可以有效改善模拟MJO的时空结构。MJO的强度变化、季节特征、传播速度等的精确描述只能借助于海气耦合模式。  相似文献   

中国的全球构造位置和地球动力系统   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

任纪舜  赵磊  徐芹芹  朱俊宾 《地质学报》2016,90(9):2100-2108

现今之中国位于亚洲大陆东南部,西太平洋活动带中段;在全球板块构造图上,中国位于欧亚板块的东南部,南为印度板块,东为太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块。地质历史上,以中朝、扬子、塔里木等小克拉通为标志的中国主体属于冈瓦纳和西伯利亚两个大陆之间的转换(互换)构造域:古生代时期,位于古亚洲洋之南,属冈瓦纳结构复杂的大陆边缘;中生代阶段,位于特提斯之北,属劳亚大陆的一部分。显生宙中国大地构造演化依次受古亚洲洋、特提斯-古太平洋、太平洋-印度洋三大动力体系之控制,形成古亚洲洋、特提斯和太平洋三大构造域。不论古亚洲洋,还是特提斯,都不是结构简单的大洋盆地,而是由一系列海底裂谷带(小洋盆带)和众多微陆块组合而成的结构复杂的洋盆体系。加之中、新生代的太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域叠加在古生代的古亚洲洋构造域之上,使中国地质构造图像在二维平面上呈现镶嵌构造,在三维空间上呈现立交桥式结构,使中国不仅是亚洲,也是全球构造最复杂的一个区域。不同阶段的地球动力体系在中国的叠加、复合,使多旋回构造-岩浆和成矿作用成为中国地质最突出的特征。因而中国的造山带大多是多旋回复合造山带,成矿(区)带大多是多旋回复合成矿(区)带,大型含油气盆地大多是多旋回叠合盆地。  相似文献   

地形和层结变化对内潮生成影响的数值模拟研究     

刘昆  徐振华  尹宝树 《海洋科学》2016,40(11):148-154

基于ROMS(Regional Ocean Modeling System)模式,设计了9组理想数值实验,研究了内潮的产生对地形和背景层结环境的敏感性。结果表明:高斯海脊两侧地形梯度较大的超临界坡面处是内潮的主要源区;地形和层结环境的变化对内潮生成有很大影响;如地形和层结保持不变,不同的网格水平分辨率和垂向层数条件下估算的内潮转换率存在差别;地形和跃层的相对空间关系对内潮生成及其引起的水体混合强度存在影响。高分辨率的地形和合适的背景层结是内潮模拟的关键。该结论对于内潮形成的数值模拟研究有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

Aerosol’s Impacts on the Indian Summer Monsoon and the East Asian Summer Monsoon:An Overview     

Lu Wenxi  Wu Jian 《地球科学进展》2016,31(3):248-257

India Peninsula and East Asia are high aerosol loading regions as well as major regions influenced by Asian monsoon. The changes of monsoon intensity and precipitation have great influence on economy, especially agricultural production of monsoon regions. There are many researches of impacts of aerosol on Indian monsoon, which have achieved many comprehensive progresses. Earlier researches show that atmospheric brown cloud caused negative radiative forcing and weakened the warming induced by greenhouse gases. Current researches show that absorbing aerosol enhanced the Indian monsoon and increased rainfall in pre-monsoon season, while the scattering effect of aerosol weakened the Indian summer monsoon and the East Asian summer monsoon and rainfall in monsoon season. Due to so many factors affecting the monsoon, researches of aerosol impacts on monsoon become more complex. Thus, these results remain uncertain. This paper reviews previous researches and generalizes the mechanisms of impacts of aerosols on Asian monsoon. By comparing the East Asian summer monsoon with the Indian summer monsoon, we discussed deficiencies of the prior researches, and pointed out the direction for future researches about the impact of aerosol on the Asian summer monsoon, especially on the East Asian summer monsoon.  相似文献   

Review on Researches of Aragonite Saturation State in the Southern Ocean:A Key Parameter of Southern Ocean Acidification     

Wang Yanmin  Qi Di  Chen Liqi 《地球科学进展》2016,31(4):357-364

The Southern Ocean is a strong sink for atmospheric CO₂, making it especially vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). The aragonite saturation state (Ω_arg) of seawater has been used as an index for the estimation of OA, which plays a critical role in evaluating the living environment of marine calcified organisms. However, it is very difficult to perform the studies of OA and Ω_arg in the Southern Ocean due to its harsh climate. Therefore, in order to better understand the OA and its further influences, the advances of Ω_arg studies were summarized in the oceans surrounding the Antarctica. Significant spatial and temporal variations of surface seawater Ω_arg are demonstrated in the Southern Ocean. In general, the surface seawater Ω_arg shows a lower value in the off-shore areas than in the open oceans. And, Ω_arg also exhibits a strong seasonal cycle with a higher value in summer than in winter. The distributions of Ω_arg in vertical water column generally present a declining tendency from surface to bottom. In addition, the shoaling of Ω_arg horizon at high latitude could be attributed to the ventilation and upwelling of deep waters in the Southern Ocean. There are many factors that could impact the Ω_arg in the Southern Ocean, including sea ice melting, sea-air CO₂ exchange, biological activities and hydrological processes, etc. Finally, the future changes and key scientific problems of OA in the Southern Ocean are proposed.  相似文献   

Inspirations from IODP Expedition 361     

Zhang Hucai 《地球科学进展》2016,31(4):422-427

International Ocean Discovery Program, or present IODP that has been evolved from the early Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) is one of the international ocean drilling and exploration programs originated from USA. IODP 361 cruse supported by JOIDES Resolution is characterized of high maneuverability, high tectonic integrity, high comprehensive disciplinary, information aggregation, international researcher gathering, global study targeting, quantity study production, isolated close working environments and huge investment, which is one of the most important international cooperation platforms of the geosciences, especially global changes. It is also one of the super powerful engines not only guiding but also pushing the study on global change via exploring the records of ocean evolution, and also the fountainhead to understand the processes and mechanism of the global changes. As one the main members of the IODP, China is not only participating the activities and scientific researches of IODP, but also needs to improve the capabilities to monitor the ocean and establish our own facilities, laboratories and research centers. These are not only very important for the global research and the future development, but also crucial for the preservation of the ocean environment. Leaning and mastering mature operation models from the JOIDES Resolution, using the experience of IODP management for reference may benefit our research work and yield twice the result with half the effort.  相似文献