《中国热带气旋气候图集》编制     

唐秀聪  黄余明 《测绘科学》2008,33(4)

热带气旋是一种对我国影响巨大、具有很强破坏性的天气现象;对其相关资料的收集与图集的编制将对研究与预防工作发挥重要的作用。本文阐述了《中国热带气旋气候图集》的设计原则与编制方法,对《图集》的特点与创新之处进行了详细介绍。《图集》在表现形式上的大胆突破与丰富的科普内容所带来的视觉效果与可读性成为最大的亮点;此外,《图集》汇聚的统计资料从时间上、空间上都是到目前为止最完整的。《图集》将为专业工作者提供重要的参考资料,同时为气象基础知识的普及与全民防灾意识的提高做出贡献。  相似文献   

Influence of Tropical Cyclones on Hong Kong Air Quality     

Eric C.H.CHOW  Richard C.Y.LI  Wen ZHOU 《大气科学进展》2018,35(9):1177-1188

Tropical cyclones(TCs) constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of TCs on air quality in Hong Kong during the TC active season(July–October) from 2000 to 2015 is investigated. It is found that 57.5% of days with concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 μm(PM_(10)) above the 90th percentile are related to TC activity. TCs in three regions, located to the east, southeast, and southwest of Hong Kong, have obvious impacts on pollutant concentration. When TCs are located east of Hong Kong near Taiwan, 65.5%/38.7% of the days have high or extremely high PM_(10)/ozone(O_3) levels, which are associated with northerly wind, sinking motion, and relatively low precipitation. When TCs are located southeast of Hong Kong, 48.1%/58.2% of the days have high pollution levels, associated mainly with continental air mass transport. When TCs are south or west of Hong Kong, only 20.8%/16.9% of the days have high PM_(10)/O_3 levels, and the air quality in Hong Kong is generally good or normal due to TC-associated precipitation, oceanic air mass transport, and an enhanced rising motion. The higher chance of high O_3 days when TCs are present between Hong Kong and Taiwan, possibly due to lower-than-normal precipitation along the east coast of China under TC circulation. The results in this study highlight the important influence of TC position and associated atmospheric circulations on the air quality in Hong Kong.  相似文献   

不同水汽环境条件下云凝结核浓度对热带气旋发展影响的数值研究     

庆涛  黄绮君  沈澄  朱磊  葛旭阳 《气象科学》2023,43(3):305-315

利用WRF模式模拟在清洁海洋大气和污染大气环境下,气溶胶的云凝结核浓度(Cloud Condensation Nuclei, CCN)对热带气旋的强度变化影响。在污染环境下,云凝结核浓度增多,台风区域云水混合物浓度增大,眼墙附近上升运动减小,而台风外围螺旋雨带对流发展,从而抑制低层入流,台风强度减弱,外围尺度增大。在不同环境场水汽条件下,通过热、动力结构和云微物理量的对比分析,结果表明:环境场水汽条件对台风的发展起到至关重要的作用。当环境场水汽条件较干时,CCN浓度对台风发展影响作用不明显,台风发展缓慢。而在充足水汽条件下,CCN浓度对热带气旋发展有明显的影响。本文结果表明,在考虑污染情形下台风变化,需要综合考虑环境场水汽条件。  相似文献   

AN ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION AND MESOSCALE STRUCTURE OF PRECIPITATION ABOUT LANDFALL TROPICAL CYCLONE KOPPU (0915)     

安成  袁金南  蒙伟光  张艳霞  蒋德海 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2016,22(4):445-454

Observation from automatic weather stations, radars and TRMM satellites are employed to investigate the precipitation distribution of tropical cyclone (TC) Koppu (0915) that made landfall on Guangdong province in 2009. The results show that the precipitation of landfall TC Koppu is featured by significant asymmetry and mesoscale structure, and occurs mainly to the left of its moving path. By examining the sea surface temperature (SST), water vapor flux, Q vector, vertical wind shear of environment etc., it is found out that the distribution of SST, water vapor convergence, low-level convective ascending and vertical wind shear facilitates the TC precipitation to take place to the left of the TC moving path. The mesoscale structure separated by Barnes band-pass filter presents that the precipitation of landfall KOPPU has some organized mesoscale spiral structures, which is around the TC center and composed of the form of belts or blocks. The heavy local rainfall of landfall TC Koppu is primarily associated with the rainfall due to mesoscale spiral structure.  相似文献   

江苏东海超高压榴辉岩的热导率及对大陆科学钻探研究的意义   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

欧新功  金振民  金淑燕  徐海军 《地球科学》2003,28(2):129-136

对采自江苏东海毛北地区(中国大陆科学钻探先导孔附近) 的新鲜榴辉岩样品进行了岩石热导率的测定, 初步查明了该区榴辉岩热导率随矿物组成的变化关系, 探讨了岩石结构特征和温度变化对热导率的影响.本次所测东海超高压榴辉岩的热导率介于3.2 2 2~ 3.716Wm-1·K-1之间并随岩石中2种主要矿物的相对含量比而变化, 随着榴辉岩中石榴石对绿辉石体积比(V_Grt/V_Omp) 的增加而降低, 近似的函数关系满足K =3.76 7- 0.18× (V_Grt/V_Omp).岩石中矿物分布的不均匀性和面状构造的发育对榴辉岩热导率的影响较大, 由此产生的热导率各向异性可达近10 %.温度是影响热导率的另外一个重要因素.结合本次的实测资料和相应的热导率-温度关系, 建立了东海地区榴辉岩热导率随温度的变化关系方程K (T) =1/ (7.85×10-2 +6.95×10-4 ×T), 根据这一方程并结合东海地区的地热梯度资料推算了榴辉岩热导率随5 0 0 0m钻孔深度的变化关系, 推测东海地区科学钻探施工至5 0 0 0m深度时, 榴辉岩的热导率将比地表平均降低2 4%.该成果为钻探测井资料的解释以及该区地热结构模型的建立提供了重要依据和约束资料.   相似文献   

Relation of Summer Asian-Pacific Oscillation to Tropical Cyclone Activities over the Coastal Waters of China     

ZOU Yan  ZHAO Ping 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(5):539-547

Using the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) optimal typhoon tracks data and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis,an investigation is made on the summer Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) in relation to synchronous air circulation from the coastal waters of East Asia to western North Pacific (WNP),along with a further exploration on the relationship between the APO and the tropical cyclone (TC) activities over the coastal waters of China.The results show that there exists a strong correlation between the APO intensity an...  相似文献   

2012年西北太平洋热带气旋预报精度评定   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

陈国民  余晖  曹庆 《气象》2013,39(10):1350-1358

本文对2012年西北太平洋热带气旋定位、路径和强度预报精度进行了评定,结果表明：2012年定位总平均误差23.4 km,与往年相当。国内各综合方法的路径预报平均误差分别为94.3 km（24 h）、168.2 km（48 h）和284.2 km（72 h）,中央气象台24 h路径预报准确率相对于2011年有了较大幅度的提高。全球模式的平均距离误差分别为96.8 km（24 h）、177.2 km（48 h）、283.6 km（72 h）、382.3 km（96 h）和583.6 km（120 h）,其中部分数值模式预报水平接近主观方法的平均预报水平,但是最优的主观预报具有相对所有数值预报的正技巧,表现出较强的数值预报应用能力。通过对比国际先进数值预报模式的误差表明,国内区域模式的路径预报能力与国外先进模式相比仍有较大差距。4个台风业务中心强度预报的平均绝对误差分别为4.11~4.63 m·s-1（24 h）、6.10~6.90 m·s-1（48 h）和6.84~8.71 m·s-1（72 h）。部分客观强度预报方法表现出一定的系统性偏差。各方法对“海葵”在象山县鹤浦镇的24 h登陆点预报较为成功,而对“苏拉”在台湾花莲的24 h登陆点预报较为失败。  相似文献   

An Examination of the Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Genesis in High-Resolution Coupled Models with Dynamically Downscaled Coupled Data Assimilation Initialization     

Mingkui LI  Shaoqing ZHANG  Lixin WU  Xiaopei LIN  Ping CHANG  Gohkan DANABASOGLU  Zhiqiang WEI  Xiaolin YU  Huiqin HU  Xiaohui MA  Weiwei MA  Haoran ZHAO  Dongning JIA  Xin LIU  Kai MAO  Youwei MA  Yingjing JIANG  Xue WANG  Guangliang LIU  Yuhu CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):939-950

Predicting tropical cyclone(TC) genesis is of great societal importance but scientifically challenging. It requires fineresolution coupled models that properly represent air-sea interactions in the atmospheric responses to local warm sea surface temperatures and feedbacks, with aid from coherent coupled initialization. This study uses three sets of highresolution regional coupled models(RCMs) covering the Asia-Pacific(AP) region initialized with local observations and dynamically downscaled coupled data assimilation to evaluate the predictability of TC genesis in the West Pacific. The APRCMs consist of three sets of high-resolution configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting-Regional Ocean Model System(WRF-ROMS): 27-km WRF with 9-km ROMS, and 9-km WRF with 3-km ROMS. In this study, a 9-km WRF with 9-km ROMS coupled model system is also used in a case test for the predictability of TC genesis. Since the local sea surface temperatures and wind shear conditions that favor TC formation are better resolved, the enhanced-resolution coupled model tends to improve the predictability of TC genesis, which could be further improved by improving planetary boundary layer physics, thus resolving better air-sea and air-land interactions.  相似文献   

盛夏OLR月距平对TC登陆和影响华南的预报研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

段丽  蒋尚城 《热带气象学报》2001,17(3):258-264

利用OLR资料，对近20年（1975－1994年）热带气旋（TC）在华南地区的登陆和活动进行了分析研究。研究结果表明：OLR月平均距平场的变化与TC在华南地区的活动具有一定的遥相关关系；利用OLR月平均距平场可以进行华南地区多TC影响月和无TC影响月的短期气候预测；华南地区TC的活动与OLR月平均距平之间的关系在一定程度上取决于西北太平洋副热带高压的气候位置。  相似文献   

广东阳江沿海地区海陆风观测结果及其特征分析   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

周伯生  汪永新  俞健国  蒋维楣  李宗恺 《热带气象学报》2002,18(2):188-192

利用TOVS资料分析了2000年几个热带气旋的结构，发现与经典概念模型所描述的结构有一定的差异，主要表现在：（1）在水平结构上，非对称结构呈多样性，高度场的低层低值中心（或高层高值中心）与温度场的高值中心并不一定重合；（2）在垂直结构上，高度场的低层低值距平与高层高值距平的配置也呈多样性，特别是存在了、下层距平中心倾斜，或高层只是处于高压区的边缘，不存在明显的高值距平中心与热带气旋相对应。还参照TOVS中的热带气旋结构，进行了修订热带旋数值预报模式系统中人造台风模型（台风BOGUS）结构的研究，发现修订后的台风BOGUS能够更好地与环境场协调，并且能对热带气旋的路径预报取得较好的效果。这一方面说明了台风BOGUS的结构对其路径预报有较大的影响，另一方面也说明利用TOVS资料中的热带气旋结构能改善热带气旋路径预报。这也为台风BOGUS的修订和发挥提供了依据。  相似文献