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141.
Kusuma G. Rao V. N. Lykossov A. Prabhu S. Sridhar E. Tonkacheyev 《Journal of Earth System Science》1996,105(3):227-260
An attempt has been made here to study the sensitivity of the mean and the turbulence structure of the monsoon trough boundary
layer to the choice of the constants in the dissipation equation for two stations Delhi and Calcutta, using one-dimensional
atmospheric boundary layer model withe-ε turbulence closure. An analytical discussion of the problems associated with the constants of the dissipation equation is
presented. It is shown here that the choice of the constants in the dissipation equation is quite crucial and the turbulence
structure is very sensitive to these constants. The modification of the dissipation equation adopted by earlier studies, that
is, approximating the Tke generation (due to shear and buoyancy production) in theε-equation by max (shear production, shear + buoyancy production), can be avoided by a suitable choice of the constants suggested
here. The observed turbulence structure is better simulated with these constants. The turbulence structure simulation with
the constants recommended by Aupoixet al (1989) (which are interactive in time) for the monsoon region is shown to be qualitatively similar to the simulation obtained
with the constants suggested here, thus implying that no universal constants exist to regulate dissipation rate.
Simulations of the mean structure show little sensitivity to the type of the closure parameterization betweene-l ande-ε closures. However the turbulence structure simulation withe-ε. closure is far better compared to thee-l model simulations. The model simulations of temperature profiles compare quite well with the observations whenever the boundary
layer is well mixed (neutral) or unstable. However the models are not able to simulate the nocturnal boundary layer (stable)
temperature profiles. Moisture profiles are simulated reasonably better. With one-dimensional models, capturing observed wind
variations is not up to the mark. 相似文献
142.
143.
Magnetostratigraphy and palaeoclimate of Red Clay sequences from Chinese Loess Plateau 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Two Red Clay profiles near Xi’an and Xifeng were investigated in an attempt to determine magnetostratigraphic and palaeoclimatic
records. The results show that aeolian dust accumulation and the related East Asia palaeomonsoon system had begun by 6.5 Ma,
and it is deduced that the Tibetan Plateau had reached a significant elevation at that time. The late Tertiary palaeoclimatic
history of the Red Clay as reflected by magnetic susceptibility is reconstructed during the period of 6.5–2.5 Ma. Stepwise
increase in susceptibility of aeolian dust accumulation appears to have a close correlation to the uplift processes of the
Tibetan Plateau. The remarkable increase of aeolian dust accumulation at 3.2 Ma appears to be due to the influence of global
ice volume on the East Asia monsoon. Palaeomonsoon variation during the late Tertiary as recorded in the Red Clay sequences
from the Chinese Loess Plateau can be regarded as the product of a number of interacting factors, such as uplift of the Tibetan
Plateau, solar radiation, global ice volume, etc.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Foundation of Xi’an Laboratory of Loess and
Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
144.
Evolution of Quaternary groundwater system in North China Plain 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Zonghu Zhang Dehong Shi Fuhong Ren Zhengzhou Yin Jichao Sun Cuiyun Zhang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(3):276-283
The Quaternary groundwater system in the North China Plain is formed mainly through the terrestrial water flow action on the
united geological and tectonic backgrounds. The analysis of groundwater dynamic field, simulation of groundwater geochemistry,
and the14C dating and extraction of isotope information have provided more evidence for recognizing and assessing the evolution of
groundwater circulation system and studying the past global changes. The exploitation and utilization of groundwater on a
large scale and overexploitation have given rise to the decline of regional groundwater level, change of flow field, decrease
of water resources and downward movement of saline water body. The water environment has entered a new evolution stage in
which it is intensely disturbed by the mankind’s activities.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
145.
设计了IAP (InstituteofAtmosphericPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences)AGCM III,对其动力框架作说明和检验 ,时间积分采用改进的非线性迭代法。用Rossby Haurwitz波对框架进行了波型检验、能量检验和波速检验。结果表明 ,非线性迭代 3次的时间积分方案具有较好的稳定性 ,能够有效地抑制短波 ,同时对长波的歪曲较小 ,且时间积分步长可放得较大 ;该框架能够较长时间地保持Rossby Haurwitz 4波波型 ,在积分过程中能够较高精度地保持总有效能量守恒 ;模式计算的Rossby Haurwitz波速为每天西传 1 5个经度 ,这与理伦值很接近。 相似文献
146.
The characteristics of atmospheric heat source associated with the summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea (SCS) are studied using ECMWF reanalysis data from 1979 to 1993. A criterion of the SCS summer monsoon onset is defined by the atmospheric hea… 相似文献
147.
N. P. Smith 《Ocean Dynamics》2004,54(3-4):435-440
Current meter and temperature data were collected over a 402-day period from an outer shelf and a tidal channel study site in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas. The shelf width is less than 2 km, and floods and ebbs through a nearby tidal channel extend across the entire shelf and reduce coherence of wind forcing and along-shelf flow. The data are used in perturbation analyses to investigate the across-shelf turbulent transport of heat and momentum over seasonal time scales. Data show a net landward transport of both heat and momentum over the course of the study, but the perturbation products contain distinct seasonal cycles. In fall and winter months, across-shelf heat and momentum fluxes are landward, while during spring and summer months fluxes are seaward. Comparison of shelf-water temperature with the temperature of bank water leaving on the ebb suggests that seasonal cycles of across-shelf heat and momentum in shelf waters are influenced by the seasonal export of relatively warm and cool water from Great Bahama Bank.Responsible Editor: Iris Grabemann 相似文献
148.
Using a zonally averaged, one-hemispheric numerical model of the thermohaline circulation, the dependence of the overturning strength on the surface equator-to-pole density difference is investigated. It is found that the qualitative behavior of the thermohaline circulation depends crucially on the nature of the small-scale vertical mixing in the interior of the ocean. Two different representations of this process are considered: constant vertical diffusivity and the case where the rate of mixing energy supply is taken to be a fixed quantity, implying that the vertical diffusivity decreases with increasing stability of the water column. When the stability-dependent diffusivity parameterization is applied, a weaker density difference is associated with a stronger circulation, contrary to the results for a fixed diffusivity. A counterintuitive consequence of the stability-dependent mixing is that the poleward atmospheric freshwater flux, which acts to reduce the thermally imposed density contrast, strengthens the thermally dominated circulation and its attendant poleward heat transport. However, for a critical value of the freshwater forcing, the thermally dominated branch of steady states becomes unstable, and is succeeded by strongly time-dependent states that oscillate between phases of forward and partly reversed circulation. When a constant vertical diffusivity is employed, on the other hand, the thermally dominated circulation is replaced by a steady salinity-dominated state with reversed flow. Thus in this model, the features of the vertical mixing are essential for the steady-state response to freshwater forcing as well as for the character of flow that is attained when the thermally dominated circulation becomes unstable.Responsible Editor: Jin-Song von Storch 相似文献
149.
Field vibration mitigation by honeycomb WIB for pile foundations of a high-speed train viaduct 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Environmental vibrations from recent high-speed trains are becoming a special concern in the civil and environmental engineering field since they can give detrimental effects to residents, sensitive equipments and high-tech production facilities in the vicinity of train tacks. Herein, aiming at the vibration mitigation for a specific high-tech industrial area, the low-frequency vibrations from a train viaduct are targeted over an anticipated range. A theoretically designed innovative countermeasure, called honeycomb wave impeding barrier (WIB) for a wave impeding barrier, is introduced and its effects are investigated by computer simulation. The present WIB is based on the wave dispersion phenomenon that can modulate the incoming wavelengths into the shorter wavelengths, creating an apparent wave cut-off characteristic in the wave field across WIB installation area. The shorter wavelengths are further impeded due to the impedance ratio of the WIB walls and in-fill materials and absorbed by the in-fills more. The three-dimensional FEM simulation demonstrates a dramatic reduction effect that is difficult to achieve by conventional measures. 相似文献
150.
利用1998年南海季风试验(SCSMEX)资料和区域动能收支方程,对南海南部和北部两个区域该年夏季风爆发前后的区域总动能和区域扰动动能收支进行了诊断分析。结果表明,南海北区夏季风爆发前后动能主要在高层制造,大部分动能被摩擦消耗,南区夏季风爆发前后动能主要在高层被破坏,摩擦项充当动能源。扰动动能主要在高层和部分在低层制造。在此期间,南海地区一直向邻近区域输出动能。 相似文献