冬季东亚高空副热带急流和温带急流协同变化与中国南方地区降水的关系     

聂锋  廖治杰  徐勇 《气象科学》2016,36(1):20-27

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据和中国台站降水资料研究冬季东亚高空副热带急流和温带急流协同变化特征及其与中国南方地区降水的关系,发现冬季东亚高原急流与温带急流同期反向协同变化特征最为显著。即高原急流增强,同时温带急流减弱(SW型)和高原急流减弱,同时温带急流增强(WS型)。当高原急流增强(减弱)而温带急流减弱(增强)时,中国南方地区降水显著增加(减少)。合成分析表明,不同急流协同变化型态下冷暖空气活动特征存在较大差异,高原急流与温带急流的反向协同变化可以真实反映与冬季中国南方地区降水相关联的冷暖空气活动特征,进而导致不同降水形态的产生。  相似文献   

鲁中南一次暴雨过程的特征和成因分析     

朱义青  王庆华  曹张驰  张品竹 《气象科技》2016,44(4):659-668

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°逐6h的再分析资料、GPS可降雨资料和地闪定位资料,对2013年7月4—5日山东中南部出现的暴雨到大暴雨天气过程的不同阶段特征和成因进行了分析,结果表明:本次暴雨过程是冷暖切变线所引发,暴雨的水汽源于南海;低空急流的强弱和水汽通量的大小呈正相关;暖切变线暴雨的雨强、影响范围和持续时间明显大于冷切变线暴雨;冷、暖切变线GPS可降雨量表现不同,前者短时间内增幅大,地面强降雨在峰值出现1h后发生,对地面降雨变化反映较敏感,后者强降雨出现前8h可降雨量快速上升,可降雨量峰值对应地面降雨大值,对地面降雨变化反映不敏感;冷切变线对流性更强,地闪频次为暖切变线降雨的2倍,正地闪频次为暖切变线降雨的1/2,负地闪频次为暖切变线降雨的2倍;降雨云团正、负地闪活跃程度呈反相位关系,正、负地闪的变化能很好地反映强降雨的变化;冷、暖切变线动力结构不同,前者物理量场从低层到高层向北倾斜,后者则为垂直分布;冷切变线上升运动区较暖切变线深厚。  相似文献   

Facies and depositional architecture according to a jet efflux model of a late Paleozoic tidewater grounding-line system from the Itararé Group (Paraná Basin), southern Brazil     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2016

During the Late Paleozoic, the Gondwana supercontinent was affected by multiple glacial and deglacial episodes known as “The Late Paleozoic Ice Age” (LPIA). In Brazil, the evidence of this episode is recorded mainly by widespread glacial deposits preserved in the Paraná Basin that contain the most extensive record of glaciation (Itararé Group) in Gondwana. The Pennsylvanian to early Permian glaciogenic deposits of the Itararé Group (Paraná Basin) are widely known and cover an extensive area in southern Brazil. In the Doutor Pedrinho area (Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil), three glacial cycles of glacier advance and retreat were described. The focus of this article is to detail the base of the second glacial episodes or Sequence II. The entire sequence records a deglacial system tract that is represented by a proximal glacial grounding-line system covered by marine mudstones and shales associated with a rapid flooding of the proglacial area. This study deals with the ice proximal grounding-line systems herein interpreted according to lab model named plane-wall jet with jump. Detailed facies analysis allowed the identification of several facies ranging from boulder-rich conglomerates to fine-grained sandstones. No fine-grained deposits such as siltstone or shale were recorded. According to this model, the deposits are a product of a supercritical plane-wall outflow jet that changes to a subcritical jet downflow from a hydraulic jump. The hydraulic jump forms an important energy boundary that is indicated by an abrupt change in grain size and cut-and-fill structures that occur at the middle-fan. The sedimentary facies and facies associations show a downflow trend that can be subdivided into three distinct stages of flow development: (1) a zone of flow establishment (ZFE), (2) a zone of transition (ZFT), and (3) an established zone (ZEF). The proximal discharge is characterized by hyperconcentrated-to-concentrated flow due to the high energy and sediment-laden nature of the flows. At the transitional zone, a hydraulic jump produces a rapid shift of conglomeratic to sandy facies with associated scour features. Towards the distal zones, the jet detaches to originate a vertical turbulent jet characterized by more diluted flows. Discussion of fan facies and architecture within a framework of jet-efflux dynamics provides an improved understanding of grounding-line fans systems that produce coarse-grained strata commonly enclosed by fine-grained rocks. The results have clear implication in terms of prediction of facies tract and geometry of oil and gas reservoirs deposited under similar conditions. And also can be useful to identifying the position of a glacial terminus through time.  相似文献   

Pressure characteristics of bubble collapse near a rigid wall in compressible fluid     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

High speed liquid jet and shockwave can be produced when a bubble collapses near a rigid wall, which may cause severe damage to solid structures. A hybrid algorithm was adopted to simulate bubble motion and associated pressures near a wall combining Level Set-Modified Ghost Fluid-Discontinuous Galerkin (LS-MGF-DG) method and boundary element method (BEM). Numerical results were compared with experimental data to validate the presented algorithm. Jet formation was simulated by BEM and the induced pressure on the wall was calculated with auxiliary function. The pressure at the point on the wall where the jet points to reaches its peak value after the jet penetrates the bubble. Bubble collapse and rebounding were simulated by the LS-MGF-DG method. Shock-wave is induced when the bubble collapse toroidally to a minimum volume and the pressure at wall center reaches the maximum due to shockwave superposition. A third pressure peak is found associated with the bubble rebounds and bubble splitting. In the case studied, a higher pressure was found due to collapse shockwave than bubble jet and affects a larger area of the wall. In addition, the three pressure peaks due to jet impact, collapse impact as well as bubble rebounding and splitting decrease with the increase of the standoff distance.  相似文献   

软土区旋喷式插筋微型桩工艺试验研究     

吴越琛  王进明  陆舟超 《探矿工程》2018,45(12):74-78

软土地质条件下建筑物的沉降变形和承载力要求越来越高,对基础施工工艺提出了较高要求。在高压旋喷施工工艺的基础上,提出旋喷式插筋微型桩施工工艺,开展了微型桩工艺试验研究,结果表明该工艺大幅提高了单桩桩基承载性能,为实际工程应用提供了技术数据支持。  相似文献   

水射流破碎南海含水合物沉积物数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

潘栋彬  陈晨  杨林  靳成才  李曦桐  刘书源  陈勇  朱江 《探矿工程》2018,45(10):27-31

为研究高压水射流切割、破碎南海天然气水合物储层的过程,采用著名的LS—DYNA显示动力分析有限元程序,对淹没状态下,水射流破碎海底含水合物沉积物过程进行数值模拟研究,研究了不同射流速度对高压水射流作用下含水合物沉积物破碎效果的影响规律。随着射流速度的增大,冲蚀深度逐渐增大,两者呈线性递增关系。含水合物沉积物冲蚀体积是轴向冲蚀与径向冲蚀共同作用的结果,射流速度越大,对含水合物沉积物的轴向与径向冲蚀作用增强,加大了含水合物沉积物冲蚀体积递增速率。  相似文献   

甘肃省肃南县桦树沟铁铜矿床地质特征及成矿模式     

李生全 《地质与勘探》2018,54(S1):1383-1391

甘肃北祁连西段桦树沟铁铜矿床是西北地区一个非常重要的铁铜矿床,对其地质特征及成矿模式的研究,将会对研究该成矿带铁铜矿床的成矿模式具有深远意义。通过大量的工作,认为桦树沟铁铜矿床为产于长城系上岩组的一套陆源碎屑岩夹碳酸沉积建造的同生海底喷流沉积矿床。铁矿体控矿构造主要是区域褶皱带,主要赋存于长城系上岩组的含铁细碎屑—粘土岩建造中,具体岩性为千枚岩。铜矿体的产出明显受后期韧性剪切带和层间滑动带共同控制,主要矿石类型有含铁碧玉岩型和蚀变千枚岩型两种。  相似文献   

粗砂砾石地层中高压旋喷桩隔水帷幕施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

张红涛 《探矿工程》2021,48(6):113-117

太原万达广场A2区商住楼基坑工程部分区域为粗砂砾石地层,基坑隔水帷幕中深层搅拌桩无法有效使用。提出了在粗砂砾石地层采用高压旋喷桩隔水帷幕的施工技术方案,采用双套管锚杆钻机引孔、单管高压喷射工艺进行施工,成功实施了这一工程。经检查,喷射注浆体相互咬合良好,有效桩径内水泥含量均匀无夹块现象,隔水帷幕止水效果良好。  相似文献   

一次攀西地区飑线天气过程形成机制分析     

李永军  陈科艺 《气象科技》2019,47(6):997-1005

利用地面气象常规观测资料、区域自动站观测资料、雷达及卫星资料和NCEP 1°×1°的逐6h再分析资料,对2018年5月13日攀西地区南部的飑线天气过程的形成机制进行分析。结果表明:飑线发生在高空槽前,高空槽逐渐东移推动冷性气流沿背风坡东移,然后与前方低层暖空气汇合抬升形成对流;露点锋触发了飑线天气过程的形成;产生飑线天气区域的大气具有上干下湿、不稳定能量高、垂直风切变强、高层风速大和形成之前存在逆温层的特点;高空急流和动量下传对飑线的发生和加强具有促进作用;地形对飑线的形成和天气现象的分布有影响。  相似文献   

北京“623”大暴雨的强降水超级单体特征和成因研究     

张文龙  崔晓鹏  黄荣  黎慧琦 《大气科学》2019,43(5):1171-1190

本文利用雷达、加密地面自动站等高时空分辨率的观测资料,结合NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测等资料,对2011年6月23日发生在北京城区的极端强降水事件开展了细致的观测和诊断分析。结果表明,这次极端强降水事件,主要是由向东南移动的东北—西南走向的飑线右端的强降水超级单体（High Precipitation Supercell,简称HPS）造成的,这是目前已有文献记载的中国发生纬度最高的HPS。HPS在移动方向的右后侧和右前侧均有明显的“V”型入流,这不同于已有HPS模型,表明中、低层干冷空气和低层暖湿气流特征显著。在环境条件方面,存在对流层低层逆温层,其能量存储盖作用使得雷暴具有爆发性增强的潜势,但该逆温层是在08:00～14:00（北京时,下同）的6小时内形成的,对业务预报极具挑战性。相对其他大气层结热动力参数, 风暴相对螺旋度和粗理查逊数在14:00较08:00显著增大,对HPS的发生具有一定指示作用。高空偏西风急流和低层偏东风活动显著,使得北京地区的水平风垂直切变增强,形成上干下湿的对流不稳定以及次级环流圈。高空急流造成强烈的相当位温差动平流,促进对流不稳定度发展加强。结合复杂地形作用,在北京西部100 m地形高度线附近形成显著的平原暖湿空气与山地干冷空气的干湿分界线以及风场辐合线。水汽供应主要源自低层偏东风和本地水汽积累。当飑线从西北方向侵入北京并向东南方向移动时,在北部山区,由于条件不足,雷暴没有显著发展加强;然而,在西部山区,在湖面、城市热岛、低层偏东风、冷池出流共同作用下,加之其他有利的环境条件,飑线右端雷暴强烈发展加强,特别是当经过100 m地形高度线附近时发展成为HPS,进而造成石景山区模式口站的大暴雨中心。  相似文献