排序方式： 共有37条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Inter-annual variations in vegetation and their response to climatic factors in the upper catchments of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2010 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To understand the variations in vegetation and their correlation with climate factors in the upper catchments of the Yellow River, China, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI） time series data from 2000 to 2010 were collected based on the MOD13Q1 product. The coefficient of variation, Theil–Sen median trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test were combined to investigate the volatility characteristic and trend characteristic of the vegetation. Climate data sets were then used to analyze the correlation between variations in vegetation and climate change. In terms of the temporal variations, the vegetation in this study area improved slightly from 2000 to 2010, although the volatility characteristic was larger in 2000–2005 than in 2006–2010. In terms of the spatial variation, vegetation which is relatively stable and has a significantly increasing trend accounts for the largest part of the study area. Its spatial distribution is highly correlated with altitude, which ranges from about 2000 to 3000 m in this area. Highly fluctuating vegetation and vegetation which showed a significantly decreasing trend were mostly distributed around the reservoirs and in the reaches of the river with hydropower developments. Vegetation with a relatively stable and significantly decreasing trend and vegetation with a highly fluctuating and significantly increasing trend are widely dispersed. With respect to the response of vegetation to climate change, about 20–30% of the vegetation has a significant correlation with climatic factors and the correlations in most areas are positive： regions with precipitation as the key influencing factor account for more than 10% of the area; regions with temperature as the key influencing factor account for less than 10% of the area; and regions with precipitation and temperature as the key influencing factors together account for about 5% of the total area. More than 70% of the vegetation has an insignificant correlation with climatic factors. 相似文献
22.
Mean daily streamflow records from 44 river basins in Romania with an undisturbed runoff regime have been analyzed for trends with the nonparametric Mann‐Kendall test for two periods of study: 1961–2009 (25 stations) and 1975–2009 (44 stations). The statistical significance of trends was tested for each station on an annual and seasonal basis, for different streamflow quantiles. In order to account for the presence of serial correlation that might lead to an erroneous rejection of the null hypothesis, a trend‐free prewhitening was applied to the original data series. The regional field significance of trends is tested by a bootstrap procedure. Changes in the streamflow regime in Romania are demonstrated. The main identified trends are an increase in winter and autumn streamflow since 1961 and a decrease in summer flow since 1975. The streamflow trends are well explained by recent changes in temperature and precipitation that occurred in the last 50 years. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
23.
山东省采暖与降温度日数时空分布规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用山东省日平均气温资料,基于Mann-Kendall检验方法,分析了山东省采暖与降温度日数的空间分布和时间变化趋势.同时,采用度日数序列对度日数等值线最密集的济南进行了关于城市热岛效应特征的初步探讨.结果表明,山东省采暖度日数空间分布具有纬向分布和地形影响特征,多年均值在2279～2945℃·d之间;降温度日数除受地形影响外,还具有海陆分布特征,多年平均值分布在1～155℃·d之间.采暖度日数的长期变化呈现显著下降趋势,在44.6～162.3℃·d·(10 a)-1之间;降温度日数趋势大部分站点不显著,仅18个站点有上升趋势,在4.5～17.3℃·d· (10a)-1之间.济南在1965-2010年,郊区采暖度日数始终高于城市,在大部分年份降温度日数都是城市高于郊区.采暖与降温度日数城郊差值都在20世纪70年代末至80年代初达到高值段,近年最小. 相似文献
24.
太阳辐射是最基本、最重要的能量来源,分析其变化对区域气候特色和农业发展有着重要的作用。本文利用1961—2013年艾比湖绿洲地区4个气象站点气象资料,采用最小二乘分析法、距平分析法、Mann-Kendall趋势分析法和小波分析等方法,分析了艾比湖绿州地区太阳辐射的年际变化趋势。研究结果表明:(1)该地区年辐射量总体呈现下降趋势,相对变化幅度为1.28,波动相较平稳。年内辐射量主要集中在5—8月,占全年的52%,呈正态分布状态,年内各月都呈下降趋势,其中7月的下降速率最大。(2)艾比湖绿洲的总辐射量主要集中在春夏两季,且4个季节的变化趋势基本相同,均出现了从"变亮"到"变暗"的交替过程。通过检验阈值在99%的水平下显示,辐射量在1986年出现突变。全年总辐射量的变动与四季变化趋势基本相同。(3)对于21a、10a和7a周期变化都存在着相对"亮期"和相对"暗期",但振荡周期不同。 相似文献
25.
1971—2015年大连地区低风速气象特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1971—2015年大连地区7个国家气象站的气象资料, 统计低风速条件下的累积频率、日变化、月变化和持续性等特征,分析低风速频率空间分布和年际变化特征。结果表明: (1)大连地区低风速频率较低,平均约20%,地区间差异显著,近海区域长海站最低,为8%,内陆的普兰店地区较高,达32%。(2)近45年,低风速频率呈增加趋势,大连、长海和普兰店站增加趋势显著,特别是近10年增幅更大。(3)大连站低风速频率具有显著的日变化,主要表现为白天偏低、中午时段最低,夜间高,半夜达到最高。(4)3—7月,大连地区低风速频率低;9月至次年2月较高,最大值出现在9月。(5)低风速持续时间长海站最长,持续10 h以上低风速频率达到27%,持续20 h以上接近9%,大连站低风速持续时长最短,持续4 h以下的占85%。 相似文献
26.
为了更好的指导巩乃斯河流域水资源的开发利用,对其水文气象变化规律的研究有至关重要的作用。本文借助1972～2015年逐年平均气温、降水资料,运用滑动平均法、M-K(Mann-Kendall)检验法和小波分析法,对巩乃斯河流域气温与降水序列的演变趋势、突变情况和周期性变化特征进行分析研究。结果表明:(1)基于M-K检验法,分析各序列的演变趋势,发现巩乃斯河流域年平均气温与年降水量总体都有显著的增加趋势,其中年平均气温与降水的变化倾向率分别为0.65℃/10a与17.2 mm/10a,突变时间点分别表现在1991年与1982年上;(2)基于小波分析法,分析各序列的周期变换特性,发现研究区未来的年平均气温整体呈上升趋势,降雨量呈减少趋势,其中年平均气温序列的变化第一、二主周期表现在22年与29年的时间尺度上;年平均降水量则在时间尺度为27年与8年上出现变化的第一、二主周期。 相似文献
27.
28.
利用1961～2018年六盘水市观测站的气温、降水、日照时数等气象资料,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,分析了六盘水市近58年的气候变化特征,结果表明：六盘水市近58年来年平均气温、各季平均气温、极端最高气温及最低气温均呈升高趋势,秋季增温趋势最明显,20世纪60年代到90年代六盘水年和各季的平均气温相对偏低,90年代以后逐渐升高,1999年前后年平均气温发生了突变。六盘水市春、夏、秋季及年降水呈减少趋势,冬季则呈增多趋势。六盘水市降水主要集中在5到9月,夏季降水量最多,冬季最少。六盘水市年及各季的日照时数量均呈减少趋势,夏季日照时数减少更显著;春季和夏季日照时数较多,冬季日照时数最少;日照时数8月最多,1月最少。 相似文献
29.
Topography evolves under the coupled effect of exogenic and endogenic governing factors, and their scale-(in)variant dynamics. This results in a self-affine topography across a finite range, with a characteristic fractal dimension. Fractal analysis has been used to classify geological terrains having distinct litho-tectonic settings. However, process-based understanding of the fractal behaviour of a natural landscape is still limited. The current study aims to substantiate and expand upon the present knowledge of topographic response to the complex actions of the governing factors using fractal characteristics. We examined the association between the litho-tectonic, climatic settings and the fractal characteristics of the topography in the tectonically active Northwest Himalaya. Our analysis was carried out in three separate sectors having diverse litho-tectonic settings. We used the roughness–length method to calculate the fractal parameters (fractal dimension, D; ordinate intercept, q). The Higher and the Lesser Himalaya were found to be characterized by low D and high q, while the tectonically active Sub Himalaya was found to have moderate D and low q. The southernmost foreland alluvial plains were characterized by high D and low q. Clusters of the fractal parameters were found to be consistent in spatial pattern across the three sectors. Our results showed that the geological–geomorphological settings and the associated processes (e.g. uplift, erosion and diffusion) can be well inferred using the fractal characteristics of the topography. Further, our results implied first-order control of lithology in sustaining and shaping the topographic geometry (both its amplitude and texture) in the tectonically active Northwest Himalaya. The spatial distribution of the fractal parameters also suggested the secondary control of tectonic uplift and, to a much lesser extent, mean annual rainfall on the topographic geometry. These results collectively point to the role of complex actions of the governing factors in the landscape evolution process. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
30.
Urban hydrologic trend analysis based on rainfall and runoff data analysis and conceptual model calibration 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Urban stormwater is a major cause of urban flooding and natural water pollution. It is therefore important to assess any hydrologic trends in urban catchments for stormwater management and planning. This study addresses urban hydrological trend analysis by examining trends in variables that characterize hydrological processes. The original and modified Mann‐Kendall methods are applied to trend detection in two French catchments, that is, Chassieu and La Lechere, based on approximately 1 decade of data from local monitoring programs. In both catchments, no trend is found in the major hydrological process driver (i.e., rainfall variables), whereas increasing trends are detected in runoff flow rates. As a consequence, the runoff coefficients tend to increase during the study period, probably due to growing imperviousness with the local urbanization process. In addition, conceptual urban rainfall‐runoff model parameters, which are identified via model calibration with an event based approach, are examined. Trend detection results indicate that there is no trend in the time of concentration in Chassieu, whereas a decreasing trend is present in La Lechere, which, however, needs to be validated with additional data. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the original Mann‐Kendall method is not sensitive to a few noisy values in the data series. 相似文献