年代际气候变化研究进展   总被引：5，自引：9，他引：5  

宋巧云  魏凤英 《气象科技》2006,34(1):1-6

概述了全球尺度、我国大范围区域及长江中下游梅雨的年代际气候变化的一些研究进展,重点介绍了近期我国气象工作者有关这方面研究的一些成果。指出:①全球尺度的大气、海洋及气温变化不仅存在明显的年际变化,而且年代际变化也十分显著;②受全球气候年代际变化的影响,中国气候也存在多时间尺度的变化特征,但气候的年代际变化特征与全球气候年代际变化有不同之处;③长江中下游梅雨气候变异不仅与海-气相互作用密切相关,而且海洋的年代际变化也是梅雨异常变化的重要气候背景;④年代际尺度变化在全球变暖改变区域气候特征的过程中的贡献、年代际气候变化的形成及作用机制,特别是长江中下游梅雨的年代际变化的成因和机制都是仍需继续加强研究的问题。  相似文献   

民丰县近48年霜冻特征分析及防御对策     

吾加阿布拉·白地  买提斯地克·买提克日木  阿瓦提汗·买吐肉孜  Wujiaabula·BAIDI  Maitisdike·MAITIKERIMU  Awatikai·MAITUROUZI 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2006,29(4):19-20

利用民丰县近48a霜冻气候资料,分析了初、终霜冻日及无霜期历史演变特征,提出了相应防御对策措施熏分析结果呈示:民丰县近48a来初霜期呈偏晚趋势,终霜期略偏早趋势,无霜期呈延长趋势。这种变化趋势与气候变暖理论相一致。  相似文献   

Study on Formation Mechanisms of Heavy Rainfall Within the Meiyu Along the Mid-Lower Yangtze River and Theories and Methods of Their Detection and Prediction          下载免费PDF全文

NI Yunqi  ZHOU Xiuji 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(2):191-208

As the project of National Key Basic Research Development Program: Research on Formation Mechanisms and Predictive Theories of Major Weather Disasters in China has been fulfilled by 5-yr efforts of Chinese scientists, achieving results of great significance are as follows: 1) development of multi-scale physical models for Meiyu frontal heavy rainfall based on a range of real-time observations; 2) construction of synoptic models for such heavy rainfall; 3) the Meiyu front found to consist of multi-scale systems that represent a subtropical front, which shears structural features of an extratropical front and ITCZ, displaying sometimes a bi-front feature in the mid-lower Yangtze Basin (MLYB). The positive feedback between pre-frontal wet physical processes and over-front strong convective activities as well as interactions among multi-scale systems of the Meiyu front act as the important mechanism for the maintenance and development of the Meiyu front; 4) proposal of theories and methods for quantitative retrieval of multiple mesoscale torrential rains from satellite remote sensings, leading to a line of products; 5) investigation of applicable theories and techniques for retrieving the heavy rainfall system's 3D structure from dual-Doppler synchronous detectings; and 6) development of a system for meso heavy rainfall numerical prediction models with a 3D variational data assimilation scheme included, a tool that played an active role in flood combating and relief activities over the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) in 2003.  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF TROPICAL CYCLONES AND ASSOCIATED SYNOPTIC SYSTEMS ON STRONG MEIYU IN SHANGHAI     

陈永林  曹晓岗 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2006,12(2):184-188

1 INTRODUCTIONWith the methods of correlation and compositeanalyses,Ju et al.[1] discussed the relationship betweenlow-frequency oscillation in the summer monsoonregion in East Asia and droughts/floods in the middleand lower reaches of the Yangtze River and found thatstrong monsoon years usually cause more rain in theregion. Studying the interdecadal variation ofprecipitation in three rain zones over south China,thevalley of Yangtze River and north China,Tan et al.[2]showed that mid- a…  相似文献   

梅雨期中国东部降水的时空变化及其与大气环流、海温的关系   总被引：17，自引：7，他引：17  

宗海锋  张庆云  陈烈庭 《大气科学》2006,30(6):1189-1197

利用1961～2000年中国台站降水资料、 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及扩展重建海平面温度 (Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperatures, ERSST) 资料, 采用EOF、小波变换、合成及相关方法探讨中国东部梅雨期降水的时空变化及其环流、水汽输送和海温异常特征.分析指出中国东部梅雨期 (6月11日～7月10日) 降水存在三种主要空间型: 江南北部多雨型、长江流域多雨型和江淮平原多雨型.三种降水型都存在多时间尺度特征, 由于年际和年代际振荡的周期和强度随时间的变化有不同表现, 三种雨型旱涝年出现的年份有所不同.三种雨型对应的东亚夏季风环流各子系统的强度、位置、水汽输送等也存在明显差异.梅雨期三种雨型与冬季海温的研究表明:赤道东太平洋海温偏高有利于出现江南北部降水型; 赤道印度洋、南海和西太平洋黑潮海温偏高有利于出现长江流域降水型; 北太平洋中纬度海温偏高则有利于出现江淮平原降水型.  相似文献   

梅雨暴雨中高低空急流与西南涡的活动   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

杨帅  丁治英  徐海明 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(1):122-128

利用MM5中尺度模式对1991年7月5日00时-6日12时的降水进行了数值模拟。通过对每3h一次模拟结果的诊断分析，发现高空急流的走向与西南涡的活动关系密切，当我国东部位于西北风急流时，西南低涡稳定少动；位于西风急流时，西南涡快速东移；位于西南风急流时，西南涡加强，移速减慢。暴雨活动与西南涡的东移一致。最初暴雨区稳定少动，之后暴雨区快速东移，后期暴雨区缓慢移动。湿位涡对西南涡的斜压性加大有重要的贡献。在西南涡斜压性未建立之前以及冷锋附近，雨区可位于低层西南风急流左侧的任何位置，当低涡的斜压性加大，出现暖空气的作用时，暴雨区均出现在西南风急流的左前方。  相似文献   

2003年江淮梅雨暴雨与湿位涡的关系   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11  

张端禹  丁治英  张兴强  徐海明 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(4):526-532

统计了2003年发生在江淮地区的梅雨暴雨，根据暴雨中心对流稳定度及降雨性质将暴雨分为4种类型。分析湿位涡与梅雨暴雨中的惯性不稳定、对称不稳定、对流不稳定的关系发现：第1类暴雨往往与对称不稳定有关，第2类暴雨与对流不稳定有关，且这两类暴雨高层多具有强惯性不稳定，降水相对较大；第3、第4类暴雨是稳定性降雨，高层一般不具备惯性不稳定，雨量一般较小。高层的惯性不稳定对降水的加强作用明显。  相似文献   

2003年一次梅雨大暴雨成因的动力学研究   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6  

张端禹  丁治英  王丛梅 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(6):827-832

运用中尺度非静力模式MN5对2003年梅雨期一次大暴雨天气进行数值模拟，在降雨模拟基本正确的基础上分析暴雨发生原因。结果表明：该次梅雨大暴雨属于切变类暴雨，对流层低层有能量锋区、高层有惯性不稳定活动，暴雨区位于低空急流的左前方、高空急流的右前方。暴雨中心物理量要素的时间一高度演变显示：低层正涡度、辐合，高层负涡度、辐散，深厚的上升运动，等相当位温线抬升，湿位涡及其正、斜压分量3者负值加大均有利于降雨加强；暴雨减弱阶段，这些要素一般向相反方向转变。该次大暴雨的直接影响系统具有明显的中尺度时、空特点，大暴雨的发生与高层惯性不稳定和低层对流不稳定有关。  相似文献   

A tectonic stress map of China and adjacent regions from earthquakes occurred during 2000～2004     

郑中华  陈永顺 《地震学报(英文版)》2006,19(3):344-349

Earthquake focal mechanism solutions provide the basic information about the present-day regional tectonics stress distribution, which controls the activities of crustal faults. Therefore, continued efforts for updating the da-tabase of earthquake focal mechanism solutions are quite valuable and important. The international lithosphere program initiated the ″world stress map project″ (Zoback, 1992) since 1980′s. During this project, worldwide studies and measurements of present-day regional…  相似文献   

Earthquake catalogues and modelling strategies. A new testing procedure for the comparison between competing models     

G. Grandori  E. Guagenti  L. Petrini 《Journal of Seismology》2006,10(3):259-269

In this paper we consider the procedures that, on the basis of an earthquake catalogue, yield the magnitude distribution function F _M (F _M generators). In particular, our attention is focused on the F _M generators that are currently used in the frame of the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis at a site. From an engineering point of view, the behaviour of F _M in the range of strong earthquakes is of crucial importance. On the other hand, in general, the statistical validation of F _M in that range is not feasible because of an insufficient number of strong earthquakes in available catalogues.Our investigation is limited to the problem of the comparison between competing F _M generators. We show that a simple empirical F _M generator (called the CFP generator) can be more reliable than generators based on mathematical models. The numerical experiments that support this statement regards two test-sites and two mathematical models of magnitude distribution, namely the truncated-exponential and the characteristic-type models.The main conclusion is the suggestion of a test (called the CFP-test) that can be summarized as follows. Let X be a site for which, with current criteria, a specific F _M ^X generator based on a mathematical model has been selected. At this point, following the comparison approach described in the paper, the F _M ^X generator is compared with the empirical CFP generator. It can happen (actually it happens in many of our numerical experiments) that this test indicates the CFP generator as more reliable than the selected F _M ^X generator.  相似文献